峡部裂性腰椎滑脱病因、诊疗方法的研究

峡部裂性腰椎滑脱指腰椎上、下关节突之间的峡部失去连接而发生脊椎滑移.从疾病起源、发展、转归的角度,结合自然辩证法的理论,针对峡部裂性腰椎滑脱的病因、诊断标准、治疗方法及效果三个方面进行了阐述和展望.对哲学应用于临床实践和科研教学等方面的基本问题,如对疾病发展规律的研究、诊断理论的建构等,进行了论述.     

腰椎疾病病因、诊疗方法的研究

腰椎疾病近年来发病率呈上升趋势,以退行性疾病、腰椎间盘突出和骨折创伤为主要类型。从疾病起源、发展、转归的角度,结合自然辩证法的理论,针对腰椎疾病的病因、诊断标准、治疗方法及效果三个方面进行了阐述和展望。对哲学应用于临床实践和科研教学等方面的基本问题,如对疾病发展规律的研究,诊断理论的建构等,进行了论述。     

腰椎疾病病因、诊疗方法的研究

腰椎疾病近年来发病率呈上升趋势,以退行性疾病、腰椎间盘突出和骨折创伤为主要类型.从疾病起源、发展、转归的角度,结合自然辩证法的理论,针对腰椎疾病的病因、诊断标准、治疗方法及效果三个方面进行了阐述和展望.对哲学应用于临床实践和科研教学等方面的基本问题,如对疾病发展规律的研究,诊断理论的建构等,进行了论述.     

肌间隙入路与传统入路经椎间孔腰椎椎体间融合术治疗腰椎滑脱症的比较研究

为改良经椎间孔腰椎椎体间融合术(TLIF)治疗腰椎滑脱症的手术入路,对两组共41例患者分别经多裂肌与最长肌间隙入路和传统后正中骶棘肌剥离入路行TLIF手术,随访6个月。结果显示肌间隙入路组术中出血量、术后引流量、切口区域疼痛、腰腿痛功能障碍恢复情况均优于传统入路组。因此,经肌间隙入路行TLIF手术治疗腰椎滑脱症可以明显降低手术创伤造成的多裂肌退变和术后慢性腰背疼痛的发生率,提高临床疗效。     

肌间隙入路与传统入路经椎间孔腰椎椎体间融合术治疗腰椎滑脱症的比较研究

为改良经椎间孔腰椎椎体间融合术(TLIF)治疗腰椎滑脱症的手术入路,对两组共41例患者分别经多裂肌与最长肌间隙入路和传统后正中骶棘肌剥离入路行TLIF手术,随访6个月.结果显示肌间隙入路组术中出血量、术后引流量、切口区域疼痛、腰腿痛功能障碍恢复情况均优于传统入路组.因此,经肌间隙入路行TLIF手术治疗腰椎滑脱症可以明显降低手术创伤造成的多裂肌退变和术后慢性腰背疼痛的发生率,提高临床疗效.     

不同植骨方式应用于退行性腰椎滑脱症后路手术的疗效分析

为了比较后路椎间植骨融合(posterior lumber interbody fusion,PLIF)、后外侧植骨融合(posterolateral lumbar fu-sion,PLF)及二者联合运用(PLIF+PLF)在退行性腰椎滑脱症后路手术中的疗效,对59例退行性腰椎滑脱症患者根据手术中植骨方式分为三组,回顾三组患者的临床资料,比较三种植骨融合方式手术时间、术中出血量、椎间隙高度、滑脱角、植骨融合率以及JOA评分改善率.结果显示:B组(PLF)的植骨融合率低于A组(PLIF)及C组(PLIF+PLF).在椎问隙高度维持、滑脱角丢失等方面A组优于B组(P<0.05),并且与C组无差异(P>0.05).在手术时间及术中出血量方面A组优于C组(P<0.05),并且与B组无差异(P>0.05).JOA评分改善率比较,三组间无显著性差异(P>0.05).因此,得出结论:PLIF和PLF均是退行性腰椎滑脱症后路手术中的有效融合方式;PLIF及PLIF+PLF的融合率优于PLF;综合分析PLIF应用于退行性腰椎滑脱症后路手术中优于PLF及PLIF+PLF.     

不同植骨方式应用于退行性腰椎滑脱症后路手术的疗效分析

为了比较后路椎阎植骨融合（posterior lumber interbody fusion,PLIF）、后外侧植骨融合（posterolateral lumbar fusion,PLF）及二者联合运用（PLIF＋PLF）在退行性腰椎滑脱症后路手术中的疗效,对59例退行性腰椎滑脱症患者根据手术中植骨方式分为三组,回顾三组患者的临床资料,比较三种植骨融合方式手术时间、术中出血量、椎间隙高度、滑脱角、植骨融合率以及JOA评分改善率。结果显示：B组（PLF）的植骨融合率低于A组（PLIF）及C组（PLIF＋PLF）。在椎间隙高度维持、滑脱角丢失等方面A组优于B组（P〈0．05）,并且与C组无差异（P〉0．05）。在手术时间及术中出血量方面A组优于C组（P〈0．05）,并且与B组无差异（P〉0．05）。JOA评分改善率比较,三组间无显著性差异（P〉O0．05）。因此,得出结论：PLIF和PLF均是退行性腰椎滑脱症后路手术中的有效融合方式;PLIF及PLIF＋PLF的融合率优于PLF;综合分析PLIF应用于退行性腰椎滑脱症后路手术中优于PLF及PLIF＋PLF。     

Wiltse入路与传统后正中入路对椎旁肌影响的比较研究

比较在治疗单节段腰椎疾病中Wiltse入路与传统后正中入路对椎旁肌的影响。前瞻性纳入单节段腰椎疾病预行TLIF手术者47例,随机分为两组：Wiltse入路组和传统后正中入路组。通过比较术后3天、14天、1年腰背痛VAS评分,术后第二天CK值、术后1年MRI评分,并通过术后多裂肌病理活检等证明了Wiltse入路在治疗单节...     

人体腰椎L_4～L_5段有限元模型建立及力学有效性验证

针对目前腰椎疾病高发,研究多工况下腰椎的力学情况是研究部分腰椎疾病的重要基础,选取一名健康男性志愿者,对其进行螺旋CT扫描,数据通过逆向建模软件处理得到三维实体图,利用有限元软件进行高质量网格划分与模型力学有效性验证。模型在500N、1 000N、1 500N、2 000N的正压力下,轴向位移分别为0.30mm、0.64mm、0.87mm、1.09mm,在500N正压力和10N·m扭矩下,前屈、后伸、侧弯、扭转的关节活动度与文献中数据基本一致,验证了模型的有效性。高质量腰椎有限元模型可用于模拟腰椎生物力学实验,对后续模拟部分人体腰椎疾病和医疗手术的生物力学情况打下了基础。     

临床病理诊断中蕴涵的哲学原理及其重要性初探

准确的临床病理诊断有赖于正确的思维方法,将哲学原理运用于临床病理诊断有利于更准确地诊断疾病。在临床病理诊断中应注重和运用理论源于实践,又反过来指导实践;透过现象看本质,抓住事物的主要矛盾;事物的发展具有普遍规律和特殊规律两个方面;事物是普遍联系的等原理。     

依恋研究方法述评

依恋研究内容的丰富和发展是以其研究方法的发展为基础的.本文概述了依恋研究领域中与不同年龄阶段相对应的三种影响较大的研究方法,即陌生情境法、依恋Q-set以及成人依恋访谈,并对这些依恋研究方法的优缺点、及其方法之间的关系进行了评述.     

我国关于实证主义与现代西方心理学研究的综述

实证主义问题是影响我国心理学全局发展的重大理论问题。文章从现代西方心理学的实证主义内涵、积极作用和消极影响等3个方面,对我国心理学界20余年有关实证主义的课题研究进行了系统地梳理和概括,并对该研究领域的未来发展谈了作者的几点认识和看法。     

个体智力差异的脑电生理学基础 ——来自EEG和ERP的证据

智力的脑电生理学研究近年来蓬勃发展。文章分析了EEG、ERP这两种主要的电生理学技术在智力差异探究中的应用,在智力水平与大脑激活程度的负相关受到任务难度、内容以及被试性别的影响等方面的研究所取得的进展;指出了以往个体智力差异脑电生理学研究中存在的ERP智力差异研究采用的任务略显简单、难以体现智力活动的本质等问题;认为今后利用多种脑电技术结合研究个体智力差异的趋势日趋明显。     

The Promotional Role of School and Community Contexts for Military Students

This article examines how supportive public school environments can serve as a promotional context for the development of children and adolescents from military families. The authors integrate theory and research from multiple research strands (e.g., human development, studies of at-risk youth, educational reform, goodness of fit theory, and school climate) to outline how public schools can support the development of all children and adolescents. This article provides further support for the supposition that school climates and the social-ecological contexts surrounding a school (e.g., universities, communities, school districts) have the potential to protect at-risk children and adolescents from an array of negative social, emotional, and psychological outcomes. The authors draw linkages between these research domains and the development of military children and adolescents. Promotional civilian school environments embedded within supportive and inclusive contexts can create a social infrastructure that supports the development of military children and adolescents. The authors argue that this conceptual approach can create a foundation for interventions and research that focuses on schools as normative supportive developmental settings for military children and youth during challenging times of war (e.g., deployments and multiple school transitions). This article concludes with a discussion of future directions in research on the development of military children and adolescents. Based on a heuristic conceptual model that outlines areas needing further research, the authors call for a deeper theoretical and empirical integration of school climate and external contextual factors surrounding the school. Investigating the social and organizational dynamics within these contexts can result in a more comprehensive picture of the development of military children and adolescents.     

“Can One Put Faith and Work in the Same Sentence?” Faith Development and Vocation of a Female Leader in the Engineering Profession

Faith has been pointed out as a possible resource in strengthening individuals’ health and well-being at work. The aim of this article is to gain in-depth knowledge of the faith development and vocation of a selected female leader in a male-dominated work context. The article contributes to research on faith development in women leaders, based on Fowler’s faith development theory. This is a single case study grounded in a qualitative research design. In-depth qualitative data were gathered through observation and interviews over 18 months. Findings showed the development of faith across a women leader’s life span and highlight that faith and vocation are important resources that provide strength, meaningfulness and a vision.     

Devices of Responsibility: Over a Decade of Responsible Research and Innovation Initiatives for Nanotechnologies

Responsible research and innovation (RRI) has come to represent a change in the relationship between science, technology and society. With origins in the democratisation of science, and the inclusion of ethical and societal aspects in research and development activities, RRI offers a means of integrating society and the research and innovation communities. In this article, we frame RRI activities through the lens of layers of science and technology governance as a means of characterising the context in which the RRI activity is positioned and the goal of those actors promoting the RRI activities in shaping overall governance patterns. RRI began to emerge during a time of considerable deliberation about the societal and governance challenges around nanotechnology, in which stakeholders were looking for new ways of integrating notions of responsibility in nanotechnology research and development. For this reason, this article focuses on nanotechnology as the site for exploring the evolution and growth of RRI.     

Intervention development and cultural adaptation research with diverse families

This article provides an introduction to the special issue on intervention development and cultural adaptation research with diverse families. The need for research on intervention development and on cultural adaptation of interventions is presented, followed by a discussion of frameworks on treatment development. Seven articles included in this special issue serve as examples of the stages of treatment and intervention development, and of the procedures employed in the cultural adaptation with diverse families. An overview of the seven articles is provided to illustrate the treatment development process and the use of pluralistic research methods. We conclude with a call to the field for creative and innovative intervention development research with diverse families to contribute to the body of evidence-based practice with these populations.     

Parental Modeling,Reinforcement, and Information Transfer: Risk Factors in the Development of Child Anxiety?

The purpose of this article is to provide a comprehensive review and a conceptual integration of research examining the potential role of learning from parents in the development of child anxiety. Specifically, research in this area is discussed within the framework of three specific mechanisms: parental modeling, information transfer, and parental reinforcement of anxious/avoidant behavior. Implications of the research in this area are discussed, as well as limitations and directions for future research.     

From single-channel recordings to brain-mapping devices: the impact of electroencephalography on experimental psychology

Since its discovery in 1920, the electroencephalogram (EEG) has become a widely used tool in experimental psychology. Although originally the merits of the method were seen first of all in an improvement of medical diagnostics it was soon understood by psychologists that EEG can also be used to study psychic processes in healthy participants. This article summarizes important events in the history of EEG research that laid the ground for this development, as fast Fourier transformation to analyze the spontaneous activity and signal averaging to improve the signal-to-noise ratio. The article shows how general technological developments were the prerequisite for these methodological improvements in EEG research and how they inspired new research questions. Key discoveries that proved unequivocally that psychic processes do become manifest in EEG signals are briefly reviewed, and the emerging paradigm of cognitive psychophysiology, which is closely linked to the development of EEG research, is described.