睡眠不足对中小学生负性情绪的影响：一个链式中介模型

睡眠不足已然成为当代中小学生普遍面临的问题。为考察社会支持与情绪调节自我效能感在睡眠不足与中小学生负性情绪关系间的中介作用,研究采用睡眠不足问卷、抑郁-焦虑-压力量表简体中文版、社会支持评定量表和情绪调节自我效能感量表,以整群抽样法抽取江苏、安徽1103名中小学生进行调查。结果发现：(1)睡眠不足显著正向预测中小学生负性情绪;(2)社会支持与管理消极情绪自我效能感在睡眠不足与中小学生负性情绪间发挥单独中介作用;表达积极情绪自我效能感的中介作用不显著;(3)社会支持与管理消极情绪自我效能感在睡眠不足与中小学生负性情绪间发挥链式中介作用。可见,睡眠不足对中小学生负性情绪有显著预测作用,社会支持、管理消极情绪自我效能感在其中具有单独及链式中介效应。     

神经质与生活满意度的关系：情绪和自尊的链式中介作用

摘 要 采用问卷法以344名大学生为被试探讨了神经质、积极情绪、消极情绪、自尊和生活满意度之间的关系。结果发现：(1)相关分析显示,神经质与消极情绪显著正相关,与积极情绪、自尊和生活满意度显著负相关。(2)结构方程模型分析表明,神经质不能直接影响个体的生活满意度,只能通过积极情绪-自尊中介链和消极情绪-自尊中介链对生活满意度产生间接效应。这些结果说明神经质预示着个体较多的消极情绪体验、较少的积极情绪体验、较低的自尊水平和较低的生活满意度。     

自我提升幽默与生活满意度的关系：情绪幸福和社会支持的链式中介模型

基于幽默的释放理论、积极情绪的扩建功能理论和集体文化下生活满意度的预测指标提出自我提升幽默通过情绪幸福和社会支持两个链式中介变量提升生活满意度的假设模型。采用幽默风格问卷中的自我提升幽默维度、主观幸福感量表中的积极情绪和消极情绪维度、多维领悟社会支持量表和生活满意度量表对884名大学生进行调查。构建结构方程模型,联合显著性检验和Bootstrap检验表明了多重中介效应显著,总中介效果量为63.6%,其中通过情绪幸福这一中介路径的中介效果量最大,达47.3%。未来研究可探讨在个体主义文化背景下的不同链式中介效应。     

社会支持对大学生希望的影响机制:自尊和自我效能感的中介作用

为了探讨社会支持各维度和大学生希望的关系及其自尊和自我效能感在其中的作用机制,采用社会支持评定量表、希望特质问卷、自尊量表和一般自我效能问卷对756名大学生进行调查。结果发现:(1)社会支持的主观支持维度对大学生的希望有着显著的正向预测作用,客观支持和支持利用度两个维度对希望的预测作用不显著;(2)自尊和自我效能感在主观社会支持对希望的预测关系中有非常显著的中介作用,而自我效能感的中介效应更显著。     

自我构念对主观幸福感的影响机制分析:自我效能感和关系和谐的中介作用

对自我构念、自我效能感、关系和谐以及主观幸福感之间的关系进行分析。以275名企业员工,事业单位人员以及公务员为被试进行问卷调查,使用回归以及结构方程模型的方法进行分析。结果发现:独立自我比互依自我对主观幸福感的预测作用显著更大;独立自我显著地正向预测生活满意度和积极情绪,对消极情绪的预测作用不显著;互依自我显著地正向预测积极情绪,对生活满意度和消极情绪的影响不显著;自我效能感、关系和谐分别在独立自我与主观幸福感、互依自我与主观幸福感之间起中介作用。     

青少年感恩的影响因素及其机制

采用感恩问卷、自尊量表、应对效能量表、亲子关系问卷、同伴支持问卷、同伴拒绝问卷、学校联结量表、社区安全问卷和社区满意问卷对1217名中学生进行调查,考察了青少年感恩的影响因素及其内在机制。结果发现:(1)自尊、应对效能、亲子关系、同伴支持、学校联结、社区安全和社区满意与感恩显著正相关,同伴拒绝与感恩显著负相关;(2)自尊在亲子关系、学校联结与青少年感恩之间起着部分中介作用,应对效能在亲子关系、同伴支持、学校联结与青少年感恩之间起着部分中介作用;表明与亲子关系、同伴支持、学校联结等环境因素相比,自尊和应对效能等个体因素是影响青少年感恩的更近端因素。     

社交网站中的自我呈现对生活满意度的影响:积极情绪和社会支持的作用

采用社交网站中的积极自我呈现和真实自我呈现问卷、积极情绪量表、领悟社会支持量表和生活满意度问卷对武汉某高校645名在校大学生进行调查,探讨了社交网站中的积极自我呈现、真实自我呈现对个体生活满意的影响以及积极情绪和社会支持在其中的中介作用,结果发现:(1)社交网站中的积极自我呈现和真实自我呈现与积极情绪、社会支持和生活满意度都呈显著正相关;(2)真实和积极自我呈现对生活满意度都有显著的直接预测作用;此外,真实自我呈现还可以通过社会支持的中介作用对生活满意度产生影响,而积极自我呈现不仅可以通过积极情绪的单独中介作用对生活满意度产生影响,还能通过积极情绪-社会支持的链式中介作用对生活满意度产生影响。     

汶川地震8.5年后青少年的社会支持与创伤后成长的关系:自我效能感和自尊的中介作用

为考察汶川地震8.5年后青少年的社会支持、自我效能感、自尊与创伤后成长（PTG）之间的关系，利用社会支持问卷、自我效能感问卷、自尊量表和创伤后成长问卷对地震灾区的1185名中学生进行了调查。结果发现，创伤暴露程度对社会支持、自我效能感和自尊均不具有显著影响，但对PTG具有显著的预测作用；而在控制创伤暴露后，社会支持不仅可以直接促进PTG，也可以分别通过自我效能感和自尊促进PTG，还可以通过自我效能感经自尊的多重中介作用来促进PTG，表明自我效能感和自尊在社会支持与PTG的关系中发挥着显著的中介效应。这些结果说明社会支持对PTG影响的一个重要机制是通过提升个体的自我效能感、增加其自尊来实现的。     

自我同情和睡眠质量的关系：积极和消极情绪与自我控制的中介作用

为探究积极和消极情绪与自我控制在自我同情与睡眠质量间的中介机制,采用问卷法对477名成人进行调查,建立结构方程模型对中介效应进行检验。结果发现：（1）自我同情、积极情绪、自我控制和睡眠质量两两之间均为显著正相关,而上述变量与消极情绪均为显著负相关;（2）自我同情可分别以积极情绪、消极情绪和自我控制为中介来预测睡眠质量;还可依靠消极情绪与自我控制的链式中介效应来间接预测睡眠质量;但是,自我同情对睡眠质量的直接效应不显著。该研究结果为改善睡眠质量提供了新的干预视角。     

被动性社交网站使用与主观幸福感的关系:中介效应分析

为探讨被动性社交网站使用行为、上行社会比较与主观幸福感的两个成分——情绪和生活满意度的关系,采用问卷法对1168名大学生进行调查。结果发现:(1)被动性社交网站使用与上行社会比较和消极情绪显著正相关,与积极情绪以及生活满意度显著负相关;上行社会比较与积极情绪以及生活满意度都呈显著负相关,与消极情绪显著正相关;积极情绪与生活满意度显著正相关;消极情绪与生活满意度显著负相关;(2)被动性社交网站使用对情绪和生活满意度都没有直接的预测作用,但能通过上行社会比较的中介作用预测积极情绪、消极情绪和生活满意度;(3)被动性社交网站使用还可以通过两条链式中介作用预测生活满意度:通过上行社会比较和积极情绪的链式中介作用;通过上行社会比较和消极情绪的链式中介作用。研究结果进一步揭示了被动性社交网站使用与主观幸福感的关系及其作用机制,能为网络时代个体维护和提升主观幸福感提供有益启示。     

Psychological strengths and subjective well-being in South African white students

This study investigated the role of individual resources, notably self-efficacy, gratitude, and hope, in subjective well-being of white dormitory students at a historically white institution of higher learning. Using a convenience sample of white students (N?=?227), we tested the role of generalised self-efficacy, gratitude, and hope as indicators of a latent factor, labelled personal resources, in a structural equation model with subjective well-being as the latent output variable, measured by self-esteem and satisfaction with life. Path analyses indicated a reasonable fit between the data and our hypothesised theoretical model which proposed positive relations between levels of generalised self-efficacy, gratitude, dispositional hope, self-esteem and satisfaction with life. White students were psychologically doing well, considering above-midpoint levels obtained for levels of generalised self-efficacy, gratitude, dispositional hope, and satisfaction with life However, scores obtained for self-esteem and adult dispositional hope were below the mid-point and neutral respectively, indicating that White students do not agree that they experience high levels of these two psychological strengths. White female students experienced higher levels of hope, gratitude, and life satisfaction, while no significant gender differences were found for generalised self-efficacy and self-esteem. The results of this study highlight the potential for using psychological strengths to promote well-being in racially diverse students.     

高中生感恩与心理一致感的关系:积极情感与积极应对的中介效应

采用整群抽样法对449名高中生进行了感恩,积极情感,积极应对以及心理一致感的测量,通过结构方程模型分析了积极情感与积极应对在感恩与心理一致感之间的中介作用,结果如下:(1)感恩既对心理一致感有直接预测作用,占总效应的46%,又可以通过积极情感与积极应对间接作用于心理一致感,占总效应的54%,总中介效应要大于直接效应;(2)感恩到积极应对作用路径的差异值临界比(CRD)存在性别差异,男生的路径系数(γ=.43,p.01)显著高于女生(γ=-.01,p.05)。     

初中生感戴状况与学校生活满意度的关系:应对方式的中介作用

为了探讨初中生感戴状况对学校生活满意度的影响以及应对方式在其中所起的作用,本研究采用赵国祥编制的初中生感戴问卷、姜乾金的特质应对方式问卷、陶芳标的学校生活满意度问卷,对广州市7所初中进行问卷调查,得到839份有效问卷.结果表明:(1)初中生感戴不存在年级差异,但是性别差异显著,女生感戴总分和人物取向感戴得分要显著高于男生.(2)感戴对学校生活满意度有显著的正向影响;应对方式在感戴对学校生活满意度的影响中起着部分中介作用.     

Mental Health and Personality of Slovak Unemployed Adolescents: The Impact of Belief in a Just World1

In 2 questionnaire studies with 3 groups of Slovak adolescents (students, short-term unemployed, long-term unemployed), the role of belief in a just world (B JW) as a buffer for the unemployed individuals’mental health (life satisfaction, personal worries, positive affect, negative affect, self-esteem) was explored. The personal but not the general BJW showed a positive relationship with life satisfaction, positive affect, and self-esteem, and this was true when controlled for objective (gender, unemployment status) and situational (subjective financial situation) predictors and further personality dimensions (Study 2: social desirability, extraversion, emotional lability). These adaptive relationships were consistently observed for students and short-term unemployed adolescents, while the results for the long-term unemployed participants and the negative mental health dimensions were mixed. It is discussed which coping reactions might mediate the personal BJW's adaptive effects.     

青少年公正世界信念对抑郁的影响:感恩和自尊的序列中介作用

为探讨青少年公正世界信念与抑郁的关系,以及感恩和自尊在二者关系中的作用机制,采用公正世界信念问卷(BJW)、感恩问卷(GQ-6)、自尊量表(SES)和流调中心用抑郁量表(CES-D)对1049名高中学生进行调查。结果发现:(1)青少年公正世界信念、感恩和自尊两两之间呈显著正相关,且三者均与抑郁呈显著负相关。(2)青少年公正世界信念通过感恩和自尊的中介作用对抑郁产生影响,且该中介效应包含了三条中介路径——感恩的简单中介效应,自尊的简单中介效应,以及感恩→自尊的链式中介作用。研究结果揭示了青少年公正世界信念对抑郁产生影响的内部心理机制,为引导青少年更好地利用公正世界信念提升感恩和自尊的水平以及更好地促进心理健康发展提供了有益建议。     

Positive Affect and Self-Efficacy as Mediators Between Personality and Life Satisfaction in Chinese College Freshmen

Personality traits and self-efficacy have been shown to predict subjective well-being, but the two predictors have rarely been investigated together and it remains unknown whether personality traits and self-efficacy are associated with life satisfaction through affect. In the present study, a total of 318 college freshmen in China were administered a battery of questionnaires that assessed Big Five personality traits, generalized self-efficacy, positive and negative affect, and life satisfaction. Results from path analyses (AMOS) indicated that generalized self-efficacy mediated the relationship of extraversion, openness, conscientiousness, and neuroticism to positive affect. Furthermore, the association between self-efficacy and life satisfaction was fully mediated by positive affect. However, the regression coefficient for self-efficacy on positive affect was low and self-efficacy was not predictive of negative affect. Contrary to expectations, self-efficacy was of limited value in the prediction of subjective well-being. The current study may help explain how personality operates with self-efficacy and affect to predict life satisfaction in Chinese college freshmen.     

Late adolescent nonsuicidal self-injury: the roles of coping style, self-esteem, and personality pathology

This study examined the relationship between late adolescent nonsuicidal self-injury (NSSI) and coping style, self-esteem, and personality pathology. Participants were 302 late adolescent (18-19-year-old) college students who completed questionnaires on self-esteem, coping style, personality disorder symptoms, and NSSI. Participants who engaged in NSSI reported more personality pathology, more maladaptive coping styles, less rational coping, and lower self-esteem than did non self-harming participants. As hypothesized, total NSSI correlated with several personality disorders, emotional coping style, and inversely related to self-esteem and adaptive coping styles. Regression equations tested several mediation models to determine whether self-esteem or coping style mediates the relationship between personality disorder symptoms and NSSI. Emotional coping and self-esteem each fully mediated the relationship between various personality disorders and NSSI in the anticipated direction. Results also indicate self-esteem, rational, detached, and emotional coping partially mediate the relationship between several personality disorders and NSSI.     

Personality and coping: A context for examining celebrity worship and mental health

The adaptational‐continuum model of personality and coping suggests a useful context for research areas that emphasize both personality and coping. The present paper used Ferguson's (2001) model integrating personality and coping factors to further conceptualize findings around celebrity worship. Three hundred and seventy‐two respondents completed measures of celebrity worship, personality, coping style, general health, stress, positive and negative affect and life satisfaction. Celebrity worship for intense‐personal reasons is associated with poorer mental heath and this relationship can be understood within the dimensions of neuroticism and a coping style that suggests disengagement. Such findings suggest the utility of examining the relationship between celebrity worship and mental health within both personality and coping variables, which have practical implications for understanding and addressing mental health problems that may occur as the result of engaging in celebrity worship for intense‐personal reasons.     

大学生生命愿景、自我效能感与应对方式的关系

采用问卷法以377名大学生为被试研究了生命愿景、一般自我效能感及应对方式的关系。研究结果为:1)大学生生命愿景整体水平较高,存在着性别和年级差异,女生的生命愿景显著高于男生;大一学生显著高于大四;2)生命愿景不同水平的大学生在一般自我效能感上存在显著性差异(t=7.35,p<0.001);在积极应对与消极应对因子上有显著性差异。3)大学生生命愿景与一般自我效能感呈显著正相关,并对自我效能感具有良好的预测作用;4)大学生生命愿景与积极应对方式呈显著正相关,与消极应对方式呈显著负相关;5)大学生生命愿景通过一般自我效能感对应对方式产生间接影响。结论为生命愿景作为应对源对大学生应对校园压力发挥积极作用。