共查询到18条相似文献,搜索用时 46 毫秒
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情节式未来思考是将自我投射到未来以预先经历某事件的能力。本文探讨情节式未来思考的年龄差异及其脑机制,重点阐述情节式未来思考的个体发生发展及其现象学特征的年龄差异,探究其年龄差异的脑机制主要涉及颞叶及楔前叶、海马以及额叶等脑区。未来研究应扩大正常人与特殊群体的年龄范围,关注情节式未来思考年龄差异的研究角度及纵向交叉方法,同时需结合内外部影响因素进行研究,这在认知老化中有重要的社会应用价值。 相似文献
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未来情景思考指个体想象并预先感受某个可能在未来发生的自我相关情景事件的心理加工,它对目标达成可产生双刃影响:一些思考方式会妨碍目标达成,如想象理想的结果或过程;而另一些思考方式则会促进目标达成,如过程模拟和想象较为消极的目标相关场景。对于未来情景思考是促进还是妨碍目标达成,动机水平的高低和执行意向的清晰程度可能是关键调节因素,相应的干预策略可通过增强这两者而将未来情景思考对目标达成的妨碍作用转化为促进作用。进一步的研究需系统探讨不同方式的未来情景思考影响目标达成的认知神经机制,并对目标特征和人格特点如何调节未来情景思考对目标达成的影响进行探讨。 相似文献
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集体未来思考是指想象一个尚未发生的群体事件,其与集体记忆之间存在着复杂的相互作用。目前对集体未来思考的研究发现它的记忆基础更多为语义记忆。而有关集体未来思考的脑机制研究则相对较少,但在遗忘症患者中发现个体未来思考和集体未来思考是可分离的,并且非海马依赖的未来场景构建与集体未来思考可能存在重要联系。未来研究应该注重不同文化背景下的集体未来思考,探讨其产生条件及影响因素,并加强在正常人群中神经机制的研究,以更好地揭示集体未来思考的实质。 相似文献
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青少年的个人未来发展目标和担忧 总被引:6,自引:0,他引:6
目标和担忧是个体关于未来的心理表征,对个体日常指向未来的行为具有引导作用。采用青少年未来取向问卷中文版调查了近2000名初中、高中和大学青少年,结果发现,青少年的目标和对未来的担忧反映了青少年期的主要发展任务,同时它们又因被试的年龄、性别、城乡背景以及思考内容领域的不同而表现出不同的特点。 相似文献
5.
自我相关未来思考是个体产生自我相关未来想法的心理加工,它包括未来情景思考和未来个人语义思考两种基本类型。两类思考都需记忆、自我和主观时间三种主要心理成分参与,但参与的具体形式可能有所不同:未来情景思考可能主要依赖于情景记忆和语义记忆、情景自我知识和语义自我知识、经验时间;未来个人语义思考可能主要依赖于语义记忆、语义自我知识和知道时间。三种主要心理成分在两种思考类型中的作用可能是相同的,其中,记忆是原材料,自我起引导作用,主观时间是先决条件。将来可以参照思考未来公众抽象问题的研究进一步明确自我和记忆在未来个人语义思考中的作用,还可以通过探究不同心理成分内部及成分间的交互作用进而了解各成分在自我相关未来思考中的作用机制。 相似文献
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未来时间洞察力的目标作用 总被引:1,自引:1,他引:1
未来时间洞察力是个体对未来时间的认知、体验和行动(或行动倾向)的一种人格特质,其目标不仅架起了现在与未来的桥梁,也影响个体的认知与行为,并且不同目标还具有不同的动力作用。但个体如何建构未来目标、确立优势目标等,需做进一步研究。 相似文献
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通过两个实验考查了非临床抑郁者未来想象的异常是否受到个人目标相关性的调节。实验1采用未来想象任务,实验2采用可能性评估范式,两个实验一致发现,抑郁倾向者想象未来积极事件的异常,受到了与个人目标相关性的调节:相对于非抑郁倾向者,抑郁倾向者对未来与个人目标相关的积极事件的预期减弱,而对未来与个人目标无关的积极事件的预期则没有表现出异常;同时还发现,抑郁倾向者表现出了对未来消极预期的普遍增强,不受与个人目标相关性的影响。 相似文献
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中学生学习倦怠与未来时间洞察力、成就目标取向的关系 总被引:1,自引:0,他引:1
采用问卷调查法对989名中学生进行施测,探讨了学习倦怠及其与未来时间洞察力和成就目标趋向的关系.结果发现:(1)未来时间洞察力与成绩趋近、掌握趋近和掌握回避有显著的正相关,并具有显著的预测作用:未来时间洞察力与成绩回避取向和学习倦怠具有显著的负相关,并具有显著的预测作用; (2)掌握趋近取向与学习倦怠具有显著的负相关,并有预测作用:成绩回避和掌握回避与学习倦怠有显著的正相关,并具有显著的预测作用; (3)掌握趋近、成绩回避和掌握回避取向在未来时间洞察力与学习倦怠之间有部分中介作用. 相似文献
9.
采用问卷调查的方法,对708名大学生的未来时间洞察力(FTP)、目标定向、社会联结与学习适应的关系进行研究.结果表明:(1)FTP、学习定向及社会联结与大学生学习适应显著正相关,成绩定向与学习适应显著负相关.(2)中介效应检验表明,行为承诺(FTP的行为倾向成分)、目的意识(FTP的认知成分)、未来意象(FTP的认知成分)以及社会联结对学习适应均有直接影响,同时行为承诺、未来意象以及社会联结还通过学习定向间接影响学习适应,目的意识还通过成绩定向间接影响学习适应;而未来效能与远目标定向(FTP的体验成分)不能有效预测大学生学习适应. 相似文献
10.
陈海德;郑立煜;卞涵琨;高崚峰 《心理科学》2025,48(1):220-230
不同类型的未来情景思维对行为改变可能有不同的作用。采用情景思维想象任务操纵吸烟者的未来情景思维类型,考察不同内容和不同形式的未来情景思维对戒烟行为意向的影响。实验1比较与戒烟目标无关和相关的两种未来情景思维,结果显示,相关组在戒烟意愿上的提高显著高于无关组,两组在戒烟行动计划上无显著差异。实验2比较与戒烟目标相关的未来情景思维的过程模拟和结果模拟,结果显示,过程模拟组在戒烟意愿和行动计划的提高均显著高于结果模拟组。这表明具有目标导向和过程模拟的未来情景思维更有助于提高吸烟者的戒烟行为意向。 相似文献
11.
To date, studies exploring the relationship of counterfactual thoughts with episodic memories and episodic future thoughts have focused mainly on voluntary mental time travel. We explore mental time travel in everyday life and find that episodic counterfactual thinking occurs to a much lesser extent than thinking about the past or the future (12%, 22%, and 54%, respectively), is used mainly for mood regulation purposes, and the temporal distribution decreases as a function of time. We observe similarities in phenomenological detail: memories and counterfactual thoughts sharing similar ratings of sensory detail, memories and future thoughts sharing similar ratings of positivity, and counterfactual and future thoughts sharing similar ratings of mental time travel. We discuss the implications of episodic counterfactual thinking in everyday life. 相似文献
12.
We have limited knowledge as to whether the phenomenological differences between episodic memories, counterfactuals, and future projections show the same pattern across age groups and diverse samples. Here we compared the characteristics of these mental events, reported by younger and older participants in a Turkish (Study 1) and in an American sample (Study 2). In both studies, memories contained more sensory-perceptual-spatial details, were easier to bring to mind, and more specific. Future projections were the most positive, whereas counterfactuals were the least emotionally intense. In Study 1, older participants rated the events more positively and experienced them with more perceptual detail, whereas younger participants reported the future to be more voluntarily rehearsed, important, and central. These age differences did not replicate in Study 2. Overall, phenomenological differences between the events are robust and replicate across diverse samples. However, age differences are more sensitive to cultural or individual differences. 相似文献
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14.
摘要 为了考察预期想象对不同拖延水平个体拖延行为的影响,本研究采用一般拖延量表(General Procrastination Scale)选取高拖延被试和低拖延被试,要求被试在进行模拟现实的拖延任务之前分别对任务过程和任务结果进行预期想象,比较不同拖延水平的被试在预期想象作用下拖延行为的变化。结果表明:(1)在两组被试中,相比于无想象条件下的拖延行为,对任务过程的预期想象增强拖延行为,对任务结果的预期想象削弱拖延行为;(2)对任务不同成分的预期想象所引发的情绪与拖延行为的变化相关显著。这说明情绪和预期想象是影响拖延的重要因素,合理地操纵对任务不同成分的预期想象可以有效干预拖延行为。 相似文献
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Thinking about the future is an integral component of human cognition – one that has been claimed to distinguish us from other species. Building on the construct of episodic memory, we introduce the concept of ‘episodic future thinking’: a projection of the self into the future to pre-experience an event. We argue that episodic future thinking has explanatory value when considering recent work in many areas of psychology: cognitive, social and personality, developmental, clinical and neuropsychology. Episodic future thinking can serve as a unifying concept, connecting aspects of diverse research findings and identifying key questions requiring further reflection and study. 相似文献
16.
Lu-Xia Jia Zhe Liu Ji-Fang Cui Qing-Yu Ding Jun-Yan Ye Lu-Lu Liu Hua Xu Ya Wang 《Australian psychologist》2020,55(5):572-581
17.
Humans have the remarkable ability to mentally travel through past and future times. However, while memory for the times of past events has been much investigated, little is known about how imagined future events are temporally located. Using a think-aloud protocol, we found that the temporal location of past and future events is rarely directly accessed, but instead mostly relies on reconstructive and inferential strategies. References to lifetime periods and factual knowledge (about the self, others, and the world) were most frequently used to determine the temporal location of both past and future events. Event details (e.g., places, persons, or weather conditions) were also used, but mainly for past events. Finally, the results showed that events whose temporal location was directly accessed were judged more important for personal goals. Together, these findings shed new light on the mechanisms involved in locating personal events in past and future times. 相似文献
18.
Akira Asayama Masato Nagamine Ryo Kainuma Li Tang Shuhei Miwa Miki Toyama 《The Japanese psychological research》2024,66(2):195-209
We examined the effects of episodic future thinking related to achieving important learning goals on university students' learning intentions. Japanese university students (N = 70) participated in this experiment. Participants in the episodic future thinking condition were asked to imagine and describe events they would experience if they achieved their goals. In the semantic future thinking condition, we asked participants to describe their future selves after university graduation and rate the relevance of their future selves to their learning goals. Participants were then asked to respond to the learning intentions measures. Participants in the control condition responded to the measures of learning intentions after completing a questionnaire unrelated to future thinking. When the importance of goal attainment was high, participants in the episodic future thinking condition planned to study for significantly longer than those in the other conditions. Episodic future thinking related to achieving important learning goals strengthens learning intentions more than simple awareness of the future self and learning goals. 相似文献