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1.
自我图式、他人评价与人格发展的关系   总被引:1,自引:0,他引:1  
任国华 《心理科学》2003,26(5):910-911
1 关于人格发展的几种观点1 1 经典精神分析论中的人格发展观Freud认为 ,人格发展是沿着所有人从出生到成人所经历的若干先后有序的阶段而前进的。个人的完善和人格的健康 ,取决于人格各部分关系的和谐一致 ,以及个人与他必须生存于其中的现实世界的协调。1 2 新精神分析论中的人格发展观Jung指出 ,人格的发展受到许多条件的影响 ,包括遗传和父母的影响 ,以及教育、宗教、社会、年龄等积极或消极的影响。Erikson认为 ,人格的发展包括有机体成熟、自我成长和社会关系三个不可分割的过程 ,人格的发展经受着内外部的一切冲突。1 3 特质论…  相似文献   

2.
抑郁的人际模式——人格、人际情境与抑郁   总被引:6,自引:0,他引:6       下载免费PDF全文
国外对人格中的两种引起抑郁的特质:依赖和自我批评的研究已经持续了十几年。本文首先对这些研究进行了回顾。抑郁素质论者把这两种特质从人格中分离出来,之后抑郁认知理论提出导致抑郁的认知图式。但这两种理论都孤立了情境来研究人格与抑郁的关系。目前流行的抑郁人际模式把人际情境引入到人格和抑郁的关系研究中。本文比较了人际模式中的调节模式和中介模式,并探讨了对两种模式整合的趋势,最后,提出将来抑郁研究的展望。  相似文献   

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叠音人名是一种特有的人名形式,但鲜有研究考察其心理特征。本研究通过4个实验探讨叠音人名的婴儿图式效应及其对人际信任的作用机制。实验1采用特质推断指标,结果发现个体认为叠音人名的主人更像婴儿。实验2采用反应类别指标,结果表明叠音人名产生了更强烈的积极情绪。实验3表明叠音人名不影响人际信任。实验4表明在获得正性反馈后,个体不会增加对叠音人名个体的人际信任;在获得负性反馈后,个体则会减少对叠音人名个体的人际信任。上述结果表明,叠音人名可以引发婴儿图式效应,叠音人名与结果反馈类型共同影响人际信任。  相似文献   

4.
夏凌翔  万黎  宋艳  杨翼龙 《心理学报》2011,43(10):1175-1184
前期研究显示人际自立与抑郁负相关, 本研究用两个调查来进一步探索人际自立与抑郁关系的价值与特点。研究一使用青少年学生人际自立量表、社会依赖量表中文修订版和自评抑郁量表对471名有效被试进行了调查, 结果发现:①人际主动、人际灵活与社会依赖无关; ②在控制了社会依赖后, 人际自立对抑郁仍有显著的负向预测作用。研究二使用青少年学生人际自立量表、症状自评量表中的抑郁分量表、社会支持评定量表对287名有效被试进行了调查。结果发现, 调节模型不被支持, 社会支持在人际独立、人际开放、人际主动与抑郁的关系中起到中介作用。综上所述可以认为:人际自立负向预测抑郁的能力很可能不会受其他抑郁相关人格的明显影响, 很可能是新的抑郁的保护性人格因素; 人际因素很可能在人际自立与抑郁的关系中起到中介作用。  相似文献   

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采用自尊量表、简明核心图式量表、同伴依恋量表和中国大学生适应量表调查华中三省5所大学大一至大三年级共459名大学生,运用偏差校正的百分位Bootstrap方法探索大学生积极核心图式和同伴依恋在自尊和社会适应之间的链式中介作用。结果发现:(1)大学生自尊、积极核心图式、同伴依恋与社会适应两两之间均呈显著正相关;(2)大学生自尊对社会适应的直接效应和间接效应均显著。间接效应包括了三条路径:通过积极核心图式的中介作用、通过同伴依恋的中介作用以及通过积极核心图式-同伴依恋的链式中介作用。这一结论有助于理解自尊对社会适应的作用机制,为未来大学生社会适应能力的提升提供建议。  相似文献   

6.
本研究采用课文分析法对松原市蒙来小学184名五年级学生进行了实验研究,探讨了课文图式意识、图式操作策略及图式行为之间的关系。结果发现,它们三者之间的关系既相互依赖,又存在差异。课文图式操作策略对图式行为的影响比图式意识对其影响要大。说明提高学生课文图式能力的主要途径是加强图式操作策略的训练和培养。  相似文献   

7.
采用自尊量表、简明核心图式量表、同伴依恋量表和中国大学生适应量表调查华中三省5所大学大一至大三年级共459名大学生,运用偏差校正的百分位Bootstrap方法探索大学生积极核心图式和同伴依恋在自尊和社会适应之间的链式中介作用。结果发现:(1)大学生自尊、积极核心图式、同伴依恋与社会适应两两之间均呈显著正相关;(2)大学生自尊对社会适应的直接效应和间接效应均显著。间接效应包括了三条路径:通过积极核心图式的中介作用、通过同伴依恋的中介作用以及通过积极核心图式-同伴依恋的链式中介作用。这一结论有助于理解自尊对社会适应的作用机制,为未来大学生社会适应能力的提升提供建议。  相似文献   

8.
采用《青少年社会适应量表》、《青少年人际压力量表》和《青少年人际交往自我效能感问卷》对916名中学生进行施测,探讨青少年人际压力、人际自我效能感与社交适应行为之间的关系以及人际自我效能感在其中所起的作用。结果表明,人际压力与人际自我效能感、社交适应行为之间均存在显著负相关,人际自我效能感与社交适应行为呈显著正相关;人际自我效能感在青少年同伴压力、家庭环境压力与社交适应行为关系之间起着部分中介作用。  相似文献   

9.
人格维度、自我和谐及行为抑制与心身症状的关系   总被引:14,自引:0,他引:14       下载免费PDF全文
王登峰  崔红 《心理学报》2007,39(5):861-873
研究旨在通过实证研究建立人格维度、自我和谐、行为抑制和心身症状之间关系的结构方程模型。对600余名被试问卷测量的相关、回归和结构方程模型分析表明,人格维度可以直接和/或通过行为抑制和自我和谐对心身症状有着正向或负向的预测作用,而且自我与经验的不和谐、行为抑制和心身症状本身都可以作为心理健康的指标,它们之间又存在密切的相互关系  相似文献   

10.
人际自立与抑郁关系的系列研究显示,人际自立特质可以抵御抑郁。本次研究进一步假设人际自立特质可以通过人际应对的中介作用来抵御作为人际应激反应的抑郁。为了检验这一假设,采用青少年学生人际自立量表、流调用抑郁自评量表和大学生人际关系压力应对方式问卷对重庆、甘肃三所大学362名有效被试进行了调查,相关和结构方程模型分析的结果显示,在控制了性别、年龄、专业后:(1)人际自立的5个特质与积极应对显著正相关,与消极应对和抑郁显著负相关;(2)人际独立、人际主动和人际责任能直接负向预测抑郁;(3)消极应对在人际开放和人际责任与抑郁之间起到中介作用。研究结果部分支持了研究假设,提示人际自立特质可以通过人际应对的中介作用来影响抑郁。  相似文献   

11.
With the closing of long-term psychiatric facilities, no alternative social institution has arisen to treat those persons whose chronic mental illness makes self-care impossible. This paper explores the typical paths to placement in a skilled nursing facility or nursing home and the author’s experience in working with this population using the principles and techniques of interpersonal psychoanalysis. She presents several case examples and explicates both the analyst’s and the patient’s transference. The author discusses the difficulties inherent in creating an analytic space in such a setting and working outside of the usual psychoanalytic frame.  相似文献   

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The present studies examined the often-implicit notion that people think about couples as discrete entities, distinct from the individuals therein—a concept we refer to as couple-level identities. Findings suggest that people perceive both their own and other couples as distinct units (Study 1) that can possess dyadic qualities unique from those of either couple member. Exploring the implications of these identities, Studies 2 and 3 examined how couple-level identities (beyond the identities of the individuals) influence social judgment (e.g., cognitive biases). Finally, Study 4's findings suggest that perceptions of discrete couple-level identities are natural parts of everyday social cognition. Together, results suggest the need to consider couple-level identities in research on the self, social perception, and close relationships.  相似文献   

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Abstract

Borderline Personality Disorder (BPD) is characterized by instability in interpersonal relationships, volatile perceptions of self-image and affects, and marked impulsivity, presenting in various contexts. Current BPD treatments are individual-centered, coping skills based, with a reduced emphasis on identifying etiology and systemic components. Narrative therapy focuses on deconstructing and reauthoring personal stories. A clinical case study shows narrative therapy to be efficacious, however, sometimes psychotherapeutic interventions alone are inadequate in managing these symptoms. Medication can serve as a useful adjunct in addressing self-injurious behaviors, suicidal ideation, and dissociation. Researchers further discuss the integration of naltrexone into treatment of BPD symptoms.  相似文献   

16.
    
Using the film The Cook, the Thief His Wife and her Lover (from which this paper's title is borrowed) as a powerful illustration, the paper examines some of the unconscious processes which form part of everyday life for nurses working in the community, particularly on the wards of our hospitals. It is an attempt to describe some of these processes and to understand the conditions that promote them. With acknowledgements to the pioneers in this sort of work, such as Main, Menzies-Lyth, Trist, Bamforth and Jaques, the paper looks at the ethology of institutions and at activity that takes place on the boundaries between self and other, between the inner world and external reality, and between various levels in the hierarchy.

The paper identifies some of the ‘routines’ which grew up in nursing (and those which have replaced them), the unconscious purpose of which is to safeguard the emotional and psychological integrity of the nurse, through creating a distance between herself and her patients. The paper argues against removing these necessary defences until more helpful alternatives are in place. To fulfil this aim, it recommends that clinical supervision and support seminars should become a regular part of all nurse-training programmes, and should continue throughout the professional life of the nurse.  相似文献   

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Five individuals were evaluated on a 7-point scale from strongly dislike (1) to strongly like (7). A week later the same people were rated on 16 relatively distinct traits, such as carefulness, sense of humor, fairness, and sociability. For three of the rated individuals, there were no extreme ratings on the general impression (liking) scale by raters, and the correlations between those scores and mean trait ratings were .26, .32, and .36. For the other two, there were sharp and extreme ratings on the general liking scale, and correlations between those scores and mean trait ratings were .60 and .76. This method provides a more appropriate and more meaningful index of halo effect than other methods because it is based more directly on Thorndike's (1920) original concept.  相似文献   

19.
This article reports the findings of a normative fear investigation involving a sample of 918 Australian children and adolescents, ranging in age from 718 years. The Fear Survey Schedule for Children and Adolescents-II (FSSC-II) was administered to determine self-reported prevalence, intensity, and content of fear. Consistent with past research, girls generally reported significantly higher levels of fearfulness than boys. Age differences also were found; younger children reported a higher intensity and a greater number of fears than older children and adolescents. Qualitative differences in normative fear were found, with younger children reporting more animal fears and older children reporting more fears relating to social evaluation or psychic stress. Significantly, although the specific content of children's and adolescents' normative fears in the 1990s (as compared with the 1960s) has changed (now including fear of AIDS and of nuclear war), the fears found to be most prevalent continue to relate to death and danger. These findings are discussed within the context of the prepotency and preparedness concepts of fear.  相似文献   

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