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1.
Chad Kleist 《Ethical Theory and Moral Practice》2009,12(3):257-266
An inverse akratic act is one who believes X, all things considered, is the correct act, and yet performs ~X, where ~X is
the correct act. A famous example of such a person is Huck Finn. He believes that he is wrong in helping Jim, and yet continues
to do so. In this paper I investigate Huck’s nature to see why he performs such acts contrary to his beliefs. In doing so,
I explore the nature of empathy and show how powerful Huck’s empathic feelings are. Drawing from Martin L. Hoffman, I show
the relationship between empathy and a principle of justice. This relationship leads to Huck acting virtuously, as Rosalind
Hursthouse maintains.
相似文献
Chad KleistEmail: |
2.
David A. Lishner Luis V. Oceja E. L. Stocks Kirstin Zaspel 《Motivation and emotion》2008,32(4):270-277
Three experiments tested the hypothesis that empathic concern for adults in need is enhanced by the degree of target infant-like
characteristics. Participants reported feeling more empathic concern for an adult target with a more infant-like face than
for an adult with a more adult-like face in a Spanish sample (Experiment 1) and in an American sample (Experiment 2). A similar
effect was found when participants were presented with either an adult with a more infant-like voice or an adult with a more
adult-like voice in a second American sample (Experiment 3). Additional analyses suggest that the infant-like characteristic
effect on empathic concern is not mediated by observer perceptions of target attractiveness, target age or youthfulness, target
vulnerability, or observer similarity to the target. These results support the proposition that infant-like cues enhance empathic
concern in human observers and that the phenomenon generalizes across stimulus modality, gender, and nationality.
相似文献
E. L. StocksEmail: |
3.
M. Joseph Sirgy 《Applied research in quality of life》2008,3(4):315-317
This is a book review of Daniel M. Haybron’s book titled The Pursuit of Unhappiness: The Elusive Psychology of Well-Being,
published by Oxford University Press, 2008.
相似文献
M. Joseph SirgyEmail: |
4.
Eva Johansson 《Studies in Philosophy and Education》2008,27(1):33-47
This article is about young children’s morality and their concern for others’ wellbeing. Questions of what the value of others’
wellbeing can signify, how this value becomes visible to children and how it is expressed in their interaction will be posed.
In this analysis, children’s commitment to others’ wellbeing is discussed in terms of two theories, namely the philosopher
Maurice Merleau-Ponty’s (1962, 1964) theory of intersubjectivity and the psychologist Martin Hoffman’s (1984, 1987, 2000)
theory of empathy. The interaction between children and adults in pre-school, drawn from different studies of morality (Johansson,
1999, 2001, 2002, 2003), constitutes the empirical basis. In the discussion, it is claimed that children’s care for others’
wellbeing can be understood in a fruitful way as experiences of, approaches to and ways of being involved in the other’s life-world
rather than as expressions of empathy.
相似文献
Eva JohanssonEmail: |
5.
Marc V. P. Slors 《Erkenntnis》2007,67(2):321-336
In the first section of this paper I argue that the main reason why Daniel Dennett’s Intentional Systems Theory (IST) has
been perceived as behaviourist or antirealist is its inability to account for the causal efficacy of the mental. The rest
of the paper is devoted to the claim that by emending the theory with a phenomenon called ‘empathic resonance’ (ER), it can
account for the various explananda in the mental causation debate. Thus, IST + ER is a much more viable option than IST, even
though IST + ER assigns a crucial role to the phenomenology of agency, a role that is incompatible with Dennett’s writings
on consciousness.
相似文献
Marc V. P. SlorsEmail: |
6.
Terror management research has typically found that people respond harshly toward offending others when reminded of their
mortality. In the current research we examined whether mortality salience would increase attitudes of forgiveness toward such
individuals, especially among those with high trait empathy. Consistent with prior research, Study 1 showed that mortality
salience increased forgiveness of a violent hockey player, but only if this person was a member of the ingroup. Study 2 showed
that mortality (vs. dental pain) salience led persons high in trait empathy to forgive the same violent hockey player regardless
of his group membership. Implications for increasing forgiveness and prosocial behavior in intergroup contexts are briefly
discussed.
相似文献
Jeff SchimelEmail: |
7.
Multidimensional Perfectionism and Ruminative Brooding in Current Dysphoria,Anxiety, Worry,and Anger
Kirk R. Blankstein Crystal Hillis Lumley 《Journal of Rational-Emotive & Cognitive-Behavior Therapy》2008,26(3):168-193
The current study examined links between dimensions of perfectionism, ruminative and distractive coping, and multiple measures
of current distress (dysphoria, anxiety, worry, and anger) in 205 university students. A main goal was to test the hypothesis
that perfectionism is related to a new measure of the critical maladaptive component of rumination (i.e., ruminative brooding)
that is not confounded with symptoms and confirm that both constructs function as non-specific vulnerabilities for emotional
distress. Our study revealed numerous significant findings, including: (1) socially prescribed perfectionism (SPP) was the
dimension most strongly related to brooding in response to depression and anxiety; (2) SPP, self-oriented perfectionism (SOP),
and brooding predicted various indices of distress; (3) SOP predicted anxiety and worry in women, and it predicted dysphoria
and anger in men; (4) despite the strong associations between ruminative brooding and distress, perfectionism still accounted
for unique variance in distress, and vice-versa. Implications for the issue of the adaptiveness versus maladaptiveness of
perfectionism and for counseling perfectionists who fall into the “brooding trap” are discussed.
相似文献
Kirk R. BlanksteinEmail: |
8.
Tony Cassidy 《Social Psychology of Education》2009,12(1):63-76
The relationship between social identity, family and school context, problem-solving style, self-esteem, health behaviour,
psychological distress, and victimisation, was explored in a quasi-experimental survey of 461 children aged between 11 and
15 years old. There was a high prevalence of victimisation (29%) in the group and 44% of those victimised scored above the
clinical cut-off on the GHQ. Victims exhibited higher levels of psychological distress, lower self-esteem, more unhealthy
behaviours, less support from parents and teachers, poorer problem-solving styles, and lower perceived social identity. Girls
had a higher prevalence of victimisation than boys. The best predictors of victimisation were sex, family situation, social
identity and problem-solving style. Some implications for interventions are discussed.
相似文献
Tony CassidyEmail: |
9.
In this introduction we discuss the motivation behind the workshop “Towards a New Epistemology of Mathematics” of which this
special issue constitutes the proceedings. We elaborate on historical and empirical aspects of the desired new epistemology,
connect it to the public image of mathematics, and give a summary and an introduction to the contributions to this issue.
相似文献
Bernd BuldtEmail: |
Benedikt L?we (Corresponding author)Email: |
Thomas MüllerEmail: |
10.
Rolf Loeber Dustin A. Pardini Alison Hipwell Magda Stouthamer-Loeber Kate Keenan Mark A. Sembower 《Journal of abnormal child psychology》2009,37(6):777-791
Relatively little is known about the factor structure of disruptive behavior among preadolescent girls. The present study
reports on exploratory and confirmatory factor analyses of disruptive girl behavior over four successive data waves as rated
by parents and teachers in a large, representative community sample of girls (N = 2,451). Five factors were identified from parent ratings (oppositional behavior/conduct problems, inattention, hyperactivity/impulsivity,
relational aggression, and callous-unemotional behaviors), and four factors were identified derived from teacher ratings (oppositional
behavior/conduct problems/callous-unemotional behaviors, inattention, hyperactivityimpulsivity, and relational aggression).
There was a high degree of consistency of items loading on equivalent factors across parent and teacher ratings. Year-to-year
stability of factors between ages five and 12 was high for parent ratings (ICC = 0.70 to 0.88), and slightly lower for teacher
ratings (ICC = 0.56 to 0.83). These findings are discussed in terms of possible adjustment to the criteria for children's
disruptive behavior disorders found in the Diagnostic and Statistical Manual for Mental Disorders.
相似文献
Rolf Loeber (Corresponding author)Email: |
Dustin A. PardiniEmail: |
Alison HipwellEmail: |
Magda Stouthamer-LoeberEmail: |
Kate KeenanEmail: |
Mark A. SembowerEmail: |
11.
Earl D. Bland 《Journal of religion and health》2008,47(1):4-16
The boundary between psychology and religion is at its murkiest around topics of interest to both forms of discourse. An attempt
to clarify some of the boundary issues specifically present in discussions of self-control or self-regulation, this paper
begins by examining self-control in healthy psychological functioning. Research on feedback loops, information processing
and ego depletion have highlighted key psychological mechanisms involved in self-control. Next this paper explores common
themes in religious perspectives regarding the virtue of self-control and self-restraint. A clear preoccupation of major religious
traditions is the management of human passion and desire. In conclusion, three boundary concerns relevant to both psychology
and religion are discussed: the meaning of virtue, differences in defining the self in self-control, and relational concerns important to understanding self-control.
Earl D. Bland, PsyD, Professor of Psychology, MidAmerica Nazarene University. Dr. Bland is a licensed psychologist in both Kansas and Missouri. His research and academic interests are in the areas of psychologist-clergy collaboration, the intersection of psychology and religious faith, narcissistic disorders, and virtue ethics 相似文献
Earl D. BlandEmail: |
Earl D. Bland, PsyD, Professor of Psychology, MidAmerica Nazarene University. Dr. Bland is a licensed psychologist in both Kansas and Missouri. His research and academic interests are in the areas of psychologist-clergy collaboration, the intersection of psychology and religious faith, narcissistic disorders, and virtue ethics 相似文献
12.
Commentary on the Current Status of Assessment in Rational-Emotive and Cognitive-Behavior Therapy 总被引:1,自引:1,他引:0
John M. Malouff 《Journal of Rational-Emotive & Cognitive-Behavior Therapy》2009,27(2):136-140
This commentary focuses on the current status of assessment in rational-emotive and cognitive-behavior therapy, in the context
of making comments about three assessment articles published in the same journal issue. The commentary describes important
characteristics of rational-emotive and cognitive-behavior assessment measures, suggests several avenues of psychometric research
on behavioral tests of distress tolerance as clinical measures, reviews psychometric and other important properties of existing
irrational belief measures, and endorses assessment related to newly proposed anger disorder diagnoses.
相似文献
John M. MalouffEmail: |
13.
Incremental Validity of Cognitions in a Clinical Case Formulation: An Intraindividual Test in a Case Example 总被引:1,自引:0,他引:1
Gregory H. Mumma Scott R. Mooney 《Journal of psychopathology and behavioral assessment》2007,29(1):17-28
Incremental validity, the ability of a measure to predict or explain variance over and above other measures, is an important
psychometric characteristic of standardized measures, but has received little attention idiographically. Idiographic assessment
may be an important part of developing a clinical case formulation, guiding treatment by developing an individualized understanding
of the variables that trigger and maintain distress. This study examined whether the idiosyncratic cognitive schema hypothesized
by a clinician in a cognitive case formulation explained distress incrementally over that of situational triggers. Using daily
ratings of situational triggers, idiosyncratic cognitions, and distress, the incremental validity of cognitions in predicting
each of six distress measures was tested in a case example using dynamic time series regression. The incremental variance
explained by cognitions varied across the distress measures, suggesting that, in this case example, targeting thoughts and
beliefs for treatment may be important for only certain types of distress.
相似文献
Gregory H. MummaEmail: |
14.
Graduate employment status and health: a longitudinal analysis of the transition from student 总被引:2,自引:0,他引:2
The prevalence of unemployment and underemployment was explored longitudinally in 248 recent graduates (73 males and 175 females)
over an 18–24 month transition from final year student to 9–12 months post-graduation. Over this period changes in levels
of psychological distress, health behaviours, social support, optimism and achievement motivation were measured. Results show
that both unemployment and underemployment have deleterious effects on psychological and physical health, social support,
optimism and achievement motivation.
相似文献
Tony CassidyEmail: |
15.
Greg Hajcak Martin E. Franklin Robert F. Simons Nancy J. Keuthen 《Journal of psychopathology and behavioral assessment》2006,28(3):177-185
The current study examined the frequency and associated distress of both hairpulling and skin picking behaviors in 1,324 college students using the Massachusetts General Hospital Hairpulling Scale (MGHHS) and Skin Picking Scale (SPS). In this sample, many participants reported significant distress secondary to both hairpulling and skin picking. Participants who endorsed relatively frequent hairpulling or skin picking (N = 72) were scheduled for a follow-up testing session to further assess the relationship between these behaviors and measures of affective distress. Compared to a control sample, the follow-up sample endorsed significantly more symptoms of anxiety and stress reactivity, and had higher scores on a measure of obsessive-compulsive symptoms.
相似文献
Greg HajcakEmail: |
16.
The phenomenon of mutual support presents a specific challenge to the foundationalist epistemologist: Is it possible to model
mutual support accurately without using circles of evidential support? We argue that the appearance of loops of support arises
from a failure to distinguish different synchronic lines of evidential force. The ban on loops should be clarified to exclude
loops within any such line, and basing should be understood as taking place within lines of evidence. Uncertain propositions
involved in mutual support relations are conduits to each other of independent evidence originating ultimately in the foundations.
We examine several putative examples of benign loops of support and show that, given the distinctions noted, they can be accurately
modeled in a foundationalist fashion. We define an evidential “tangle,” a relation among three propositions that appears to
require a loop for modeling, and prove that all such tangles are trivial in a sense that precludes modeling them with an evidential
circle.
相似文献
Lydia McGrew (Corresponding author)Email: |
Timothy McGrewEmail: |
17.
Although intellectuals have been a part of the cultural landscape, it is in post-conflict societies, such as those found in
Kosovo and Bosnia, that there has arisen a need for an intellectual who is more than simply a social critic, an educator,
a man of action, and a compassionate individual. Enter the hyperintellectual. As this essay will make clear, it is the hyperintellectual,
who through a reciprocating critique and defense of both the nationalist enterprise and strong interventionism of the International
Community, as well as being a man of action and compassionate and empathic insider, strives to create a climate of understanding
and to enlarge the moral space so as to reduce the divisiveness between opposing parties. In this way the hyperintellectual
becomes a catalyst for the creation of a democratic culture within the civil societies of Kosovo and Bosnia.
相似文献
Rory J. ConcesEmail: |
18.
19.
“Ontological emergence” of inherent high-level properties with causal powers is witnessed nowhere. A non-substantialist conception
of emergence works much better. It allows downward causation, provided our concept of causality is transformed accordingly.
相似文献
Michel BitbolEmail: |
20.
Frank Arntzenius 《Erkenntnis》2008,68(2):277-297
I argue that standard decision theories, namely causal decision theory and evidential decision theory, both are unsatisfactory.
I devise a new decision theory, from which, under certain conditions, standard game theory can be derived.
相似文献
Frank ArntzeniusEmail: |