当代功利主义哲学

虽然功利主义自20世纪70年代以来失去了一统天下的地位,但是它目前在当代道德哲学和政治哲学中仍然是一支重要力量。按照其论证的逻辑,我们可以把功利主义分为三种,即行为功利主义、规则功利主义以及双层功利主义,其中后两者是为克服前者的困难而产生出来的,同时它们也产生出了新的困难。然而,无论在理论层面还是政策层面,功利主义在当代西方社会都占有重要的地位。     

Disputes over Philosophical Views in the First Half of the Twentieth Century and Development of Contemporary Chinese Philosophy

To explore the development of contemporary Chinese philosophy, fundamentally, is to explore the development of Marxist philosophy in contemporary China. The disputes over philosophical views in Chinese academic circles during the first half of the twentieth century have been focused on understanding Marxist philosophy from such aspects as “what kind of philosophy Chinese society needs,” “the relation of philosophy to science,” and “philosophy as an idea to reflect on one’s life.” These explorations have provided us a significant ideological insight into the development of Marxist philosophy and contemporary Chinese philosophy; that is, in contemporary China, Marxist philosophy, as a doctrine of the liberation and all-round development of human beings, exists not only as a kind of “doctrine” or “academy” but also as a kind of widely accepted “xueyuan (academic cultivations)” among people. Translated by Zhao Zhiyi from Jourmal of Jilin University (Social Sciences), 2005:1     

The Philosophy of "Naturalness" in the Laozi and Its Value For Contemporary Society

This article aims to show that the concept of "naturalness" in the Laozi is able to provide cultural guidance concerning values for contemporary social development.Specifically,the Laozi's concept of "naturalness"—manifested in the text's exhortation to "honor the dao and exalt the de" and its statement that "the dao models itself on naturalness"—has profound ontological,political and social implications concerning "naturalness" that are strongly expressed through a variety of propositions including "achieving all through non-action" and "downsizing the state and simplifying the people." With respect to the question about individuals living a life of appropriateness and establishing their destiny,the Laozi emphasizes such cultivation methods as "sticking to simplicity and authenticity" and "watching in quietude and observing in depth,"which are also infused with the conception of "naturalness," which stresses the notion that understanding the harmony between man and nature can provide useful lessons for the development of contemporary human society.     

Chinese Philosophy in the New Era from the Perspective of the Theme of the 24th World Congress of Philosophy

“Learning to be Human” is the theme of the 24th World Congress of Philosophy, to be held in Beijing in 2018, and also an important topic in traditional Chinese Confucian philosophy. Different interpretations of this theme, however, directly determine how to understand the study of Chinese philosophy in the context of world philosophy today. Changes in contemporary philosophy urge us to reconsider philosophical research in today’s China. Reflecting on the status quo of research on Chinese philosophy and finding a method for solving certain existing difficulties will ultimately enhance the study of Chinese philosophy.     

哲学家的盛会——第22届世界哲学大会召开

2008年7月30日至8月5日,第22届世界哲学大会在韩国首尔大学隆重举行,来自世界102个国家和地区的1871名代表出席了这次盛会。开幕式隆重而热烈,韩国总理韩升洙(Seung-soo Han)亲临会场,发表了热情洋溢的讲话。韩国学术界、联合国教科文组织(UNESCO)和国际哲学团体联合会(FISP)负     

反思作为言语力量的哲学——第22届世界哲学大会开幕式关于反思当今哲学的主旨演讲

P．坎普（P．Kemp）是国际哲学团体联合会主席、丹麦教育大学伦理与法律中心教授。他于2008年7月30日在首尔大学召开的第22届世界哲学大会的开幕式上发表了关于反思哲学的主旨演讲。他认为，哲学家拥有的力量是言语的力量。经济的、技术的和军事的力量并不能拥有独占世界的力量。哲学的论证和反思用言语建立非经济的、非技术的和非军事的力量，能够挑战其他力量，揭露谎言和幻觉，提出建立人类生活更美好的世界的思想。反思当今哲学的重要意义之一，是反思哲学的语言行为，尤其是语效行为。哲学不仅能起启蒙和解放的作用，也能起诱惑和操纵的作用；非理性的言论自由、羞辱和伤害的言语可以变成暴力和战争行为。面临全球化时代不同文化间共存等重大问题．哲学要引导人们学会和平地用言语去行为。     

当代发展哲学的主题嬗变

国内发展哲学研究起始于20世纪90年代初,它的兴起与发展是以中国社会发展为参考系,从而确定自己的研究对象,是专门对中国从传统社会向现代社会总体性转变的发展问题即中国现代化问题的哲学研究.     

当前心灵哲学中的核心课题

本文的目的是以心灵哲学中的核心课题为线索,试图对当前心灵哲学的研究状况作一个总体的介绍和讨论。文章将围绕意识、心灵内容、心灵形而上学和认知科学这四个主题来展开,对于每一个主题,我在评介各种重要课题的同时,也注意给出这一方面的主要哲学家的代表性著作的文献出处,以便对具体问题感兴趣的读者进一步专研。     

Philosophy of Mathematics in the Twentieth Century: Selected Essays

S. SHAPIRO (ed.), Intensional Mathematics (Studies in Logic and the Foundations of Mathematics, vol. 11 3). Amsterdam: North-Holland, 1985. v + 230 pp. $38.50/100Df.     

宗教在当代社会的蜕变

当前世界宗教发生的变化表现为:宗教日益重视社会参与和政治参与,日益发挥其文化的社会功能,宗教国家化的趋势的发展以及宗教与社会冲突和民族冲突的关系日趋紧密。这一切与宗教的蜕变有密切的关系而又有所不同。由于它的蜕变,使宗教极端主义成为当代宗教的一个新的动向;造成这种变化的原因在于宗教的政治化。但是宗教极端主义并不仅仅在伊斯兰教中存在,在其它宗教中也以不同形式、不同程度存在。分析这个情况,旨在说明宗教与政治、宗教问题与政治问题、宗教与宗教极端主义是不同的概念,也是不同领域的问题,我们不能等同看待,混为一谈。     

生命伦理学研究的当代视阈与方法

生命伦理学的当代研究,应该在原有成就基础上,突破唯人本中心论的生物医学伦理学模式,追求对包括生物医学伦理学在内的世界生命伦理学、地球生命伦理学的构建,使生命伦理学成为引导当代人类走向未来、健康生存的真正桥梁.因而,生命伦理学的当代研究,首先须重新认识生命,理解生命,打通人类生命与世界生命、个体生命与整体生命之间的血缘通道,弘扬生命的亲生命本性.唯有如此,才能真正打开以自然宇宙、历史演化、人类存在为三维向度的生命伦理认知视阈,探索构建生态化综合的生命伦理研究方法.     

个人经验、哲学问题与世界哲学大会——德莫特·莫兰教授访谈

<正>一、个人经验访者(以下简称为访):莫兰教授,很荣幸能与您做这次访谈。正如我们所知,您在都柏林大学获得学士学位之后,获得资助在耶鲁大学进行硕士和博士研究生学习。您能和我们分享您的学术经验吗?尤其是您在耶鲁大学的学习和研究