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一无意识知觉,又称阈下知觉,它指人对于某种刺激虽然不产生有意识的识别,但却能作出某种反应,即知觉了刺激,却不产生知觉的意识。无意识知觉一直是哲学家和心理学家们长期争论的问题之一。许多人不愿意承认这种现象,其理由是:(1)担心无意识知觉是非科学的、虚构的。这种担心在心理学中是起源于对于行为尺度的强调,在哲学中则是起源于对于人类理性的重视。因为人有 相似文献
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视知觉组织及其神经机制 总被引:3,自引:0,他引:3
物理世界通过光信号在我们的视网膜上反映为亮度和颜色的色块集合 ,但是大脑知觉到的却是排列有序的由分离的物体组成的视觉世界 ,其中各种不同的物体占据不同的位置 ,存在相互作用或相对运动。在知觉加工过程中 ,视觉系统必须首先把视觉输入组织成不同的部分以形成视觉加工的基本单元[1,2 ] ,心理学家把这一加工过程称为视知觉组织。视知觉组织是大脑进行图像识别、注意分配及记忆存储等高级加工过程的基础。因此 ,理解视知觉组织的认知和神经机制成为研究大脑认知功能的核心问题之一。本文介绍视知觉组织的基本问题和规律 ,特别是新近关于… 相似文献
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<正>今年9月1—2日,"知觉与意识:2012年心灵与机器北京会议"成功举办。会议由中国人民大学哲学院、北京师范大学脑与认知科学研究院、认知神经科学与学习国家重点实验室、心灵与机器Workshop联合主办。本届会议是"心灵与机器Workshop"第九届跨学科年度会议,也是心灵与机器Workshop第一次专门与心理学家、神经科学家合作办会。本届会议的主题是"知觉与意 相似文献
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知觉学习是指知觉能力随着知觉训练或经验逐渐改变的现象。它具有特异性-迁移性,可以根据时程划分为快速学习和慢速学习。知觉学习意味着与知觉直接对应的脑区神经元激活方式的变化,并且与注意有着一定的联系。目前周边视觉的知觉学习研究已有一些成果:对于非语词刺激,随着练习,判断目标刺激(例如刺激朝向、游标视敏度)的能力,有很大的提升;对于语词刺激,周边视觉的知觉学习可以帮助提高阅读速度。可以通过提高视觉广度来提高周边视觉的阅读速度。周边视觉的知觉学习还有着重大应用价值,可以帮助中央凹视觉缺损的人们提高周边视觉能力,帮助恢复阅读能力。 相似文献
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1 综观当今英国哲学,哲学家们的研究兴趣似乎相对集中在以下四个方面: 一、心灵哲学成为最有影响的哲学 自80年代以来,心灵哲学日益成为占统治地位的哲学。如果把当代英美哲学笼统地称作分析哲学思潮的话,我们可以说它走过了从逻辑分析,语言分析到心灵分析的路径。从出版的著作和论文,国际论坛和学术讲座来看,心灵哲学确实是英语世界哲学的热点。 心灵哲学(Philosophy of Mind)是研究心灵或意识的本质及其活动原理的学问。它以人 相似文献
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Merav Ahissar 《Current directions in psychological science》1999,8(4):124-128
The extent of adult improvement in not only complex but also simple perceptual tasks is remarkable. Although this phenomenon has been noted and studied since the middle of the 19th century, recent advances in the study of brain physiology and anatomy afford new insights. Improvement specificity suggests that changes involve early sensory cortical areas, previously thought to lose their plasticity following the first years. The critical role of selective attention, even in learning the simplest tasks, as well as the precedence of learning easy cases, suggests the involvement of high-level cortical areas. Learning easy cases is more general than learning difficult cases. This pattern suggests the involvement of both high- and low-level areas in an orderly manner, with easy learning beginning at high-level areas and harder cases being resolved by access to low-level areas. The mapping of behavioral findings to underlying brain sites provides a unified framework for this interdisciplinary field. 相似文献
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Susanna Schellenberg 《Philosophy and phenomenological research》2016,93(1):25-54
Perception grounds demonstrative reference, yields singular thoughts, and fixes the reference of singular terms. Moreover, perception provides us with knowledge of particulars in our environment and justifies singular thoughts about particulars. How does perception play these cognitive and epistemic roles in our lives? I address this question by exploring the fundamental nature of perceptual experience. I argue that perceptual states are constituted by particulars and discuss epistemic, ontological, psychologistic, and semantic approaches to account for perceptual particularity. 相似文献
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Robert Cowan 《Philosophy and phenomenological research》2015,90(1):164-193
In the recent metaethical literature there has been significant interest in the prospects for what I am denoting ‘Perceptual Intuitionism’: the view that normal ethical agents can and do have non‐inferential justification for first‐order ethical beliefs by having ethical perceptual experiences, e.g., Cullison 2010, McBrayer 2010, Vayrynen 2008. If true, it promises to constitute an independent a posteriori intuitionist epistemology, providing an alternative to intuitionist accounts which posit a priori intuition and/or emotion as sources of non‐inferentially justified ethical beliefs. As it is formulated, it is plausible that a necessary condition for the view is the truth of Ethical Perception: normal ethical agents can and do have perceptual experiences (at least some of which are veridical) as of the instantiation of ethical properties. In this paper a sophisticated and promising account of Ethical Perception is offered. Extant objections are shown to fail. However, it will be argued that it is far from obvious that the account of Perceptual Intuitionism which emerges constitutes an independent alternative to other intuitionist accounts. This is because we have reason to think that ethical perceptual experience may be epistemically dependent on other epistemic sources, e.g. a priori intuition or emotion. 相似文献