心理健康观念对心理症状的影响研究

1　前言　　人的行为受观念影响 ,心理健康状况也是如此。如基于2 0 0个相关研究的分析表明 ,有较高的精神信仰 (spirituali ty)水平的人表现为较少的精神问题。Levy等发现 ,有积极生活观念的人 ,比持消极、否定性生活观念的人多存活了 7.6年。有报告消极的竞争观念与与身心症状、抑郁有直接关系。不仅如此 ,对“心理健康”现象的看法也影响着心理健康行为。如美国人常常认为 ,“心理疾病的人是不稳定的和有危险的。”等等。这样的看法 ,导致了人们回避与心理疾病的交往 ,障碍了心理患者就医。Corrigan认为 ,心理疾病的耻辱化标签和偏见加…     

大学生心理控制感对心理健康水平影响的研究

本研究采用《心理卫生症状自评量表SCL-90》和《内控性、有势力他人和机遇量表》对300名大学生进行测试,探讨大学生心理健康与心理控制感的关系。结果表明：大学生在SCL-90中至少有一个因子得分大于或等于3分的占学生人数的25．33％,在性别和年级之间心理控制感和心理健康均不存在显著差异,大学生心理健康水平低于全国正常成人常模;父母的文化和职业等社会因素对心理健康和心理控制感水平会产生一定的影响;与心理内控倾向者相比,心理倾向于外在控制的人正性情感少,负性情感多,精神症状多,总体心理健康水平低。     

郑州大学知识女性心理健康现状分析及干预对策

应用症状自评量表(SCL-90)对163名郑州大学知识女性心理健康状况进行评定,发现:郑州大学知识女性躯体化因子分高于全国常模,总分和其余因子分均低于全国常模,且有非常显著性差异(P＜0.001).郑州大学知识女性心理健康优于一般人群,但仍存在一些问题,应制定相应的心理干预对策,维护和提高郑州大学知识女性的心理健康水平.     

郑州大学知识女性心理健康现状分析及干预对策

应用症状自评量表(SCL-90)对163名郑州大学知识女性心理健康状况进行评定,发现:郑州大学知识女性躯体化因子分高于全国常模,总分和其余因子分均低于全国常模,且有非常显著性差异(P<0.001)。郑州大学知识女性心理健康优于一般人群,但仍存在一些问题,应制定相应的心理干预对策,维护和提高郑州大学知识女性的心理健康水平。     

壮族农民社会支持与心理健康关系分析

使用问卷调查的方法,对壮族农民进行大样本抽样调查和SCL-90、SSRS测评,探讨壮族农民社会支持与心理健康关系.结果发现,社会支持水平低的壮族农民SCL-90总分及因子分(除强迫外)显著高于社会支持高者,而且壮族农民社会支持总分、客观支持、主观支持分与SCL-90总分、因子分呈显著性负相关.可通过提高壮族农民社会支持水平促进其心理健康.     

社会心理服务体系建设的应然与实然：基于全国12个试点地区的评估

社会心理服务体系建设是我国创新社会治理的重要举措,旨在解决社会心态培育和心理建设问题,并按心理规律开展社会治理。然而这一概念的“应然意涵”是否在全国各地的建设实践中得以贯彻,仍有待探讨。本研究收集了反映全国12个社会心理服务体系建设试点地区实际工作情况的网络文本资料,按照组织架构、工作模式等6个一级指标以及其下的23个二级指标,对资料进行编码以描述各地建设的“实然状况”。文本分析结果显示：（1）各试点地区社会心理服务体系建设的内容定位“心理健康”倾向严重;（2）社会心理服务整体上仅偏重“风险防控”工作;（3）社会心理服务与社会治理关系错位。总之,全国各地社会心理服务体系建设的“实然状况”与“应然意涵”之间存在较大差距。     

高校教师人格对心理资本与心理健康的影响研究

该研究探讨高校教师人格对心理资本与心理健康状况的影响。研究对南昌三所高校270名教师进行了心理资本、症状自评量表和人格测验,分别用SPSSl7．0和LISREL$．71进行了t检验和建构了结构方程模型。结果表明,心理资本、心理健康和人格测验分数的性别差异、职称差异不显著,t值在0．11到1．28之间,均有P〉0．05。大学教师人格的三个维度均对其心理健康与心理资本有中等程度的影响,E维度和P雏度对心理健康的影响系数为-0．39和0．52;E雏度、N维度和P维度对心理资本的影响系数为0．54、-0．43和0．52;人格E、N、P维度经心理资本的部分中介作用,时心理健康的间接效应是-0．23、0．18和O．23,t值分别为-3．25、2．96和3．25,P值均小于O．01。结论：大学教师的人格与其心理资本和心理健康问题具有紧密的关联性。关注大学教师的心理健康问题。必须同时关注他们的人格与心理资本的问题。     

心理委员胜任力与心理健康的关系:领悟社会支持和心理弹性的链式中介

目的:探究领悟社会支持和心理弹性在心理委员胜任力与心理健康之间的中介作用。方法:采用问卷调查法对某高校433名大学生进行测查。结果表明:(1)相关分析显示,心理委员胜任力与领悟社会支持、心理弹性呈现显著正相关,与大学生心理健康呈现显著负相关;(2)结构方程模型分析表明,心理委员胜任力对大学生心理健康的直接效应显著,领悟社会支持和心理弹性在心理委员胜任力与大学生心理健康之间中介作用均显著,且领悟社会支持-心理弹性的链式中介作用也显著。结论:心理委员胜任力既可以直接预测大学生心理健康,又可以分别通过领悟社会支持、心理弹性的中介作用,以及领悟社会支持-心理弹性的链式中介作用间接预测大学生心理健康。     

虚拟现实技术应用于神经心理评估的研究概述

传统神经心理评估的实验控制和生态效度的平衡问题日益受到研究人员的关注,而新兴的虚拟现实(Virtual Reality,VR)技术为问题的改善带来了希望,它不仅可以模拟现实环境并支持被试的直接交互,而且能对传统测试进行再现和扩展。它所形成的评估系统能对刺激的内容和表象、任务的复杂度和被试的响应进行灵活控制,所获取的信息更丰富、准确。在初步评估注意过程(注意、单侧空间忽略)、记忆(前瞻记忆、情景记忆、空间记忆、地形定向)和执行功能方面已获得了令人满意的效果。然而目前VR评估的应用仍存在技术和设备方面的不足,以及对评估者和被试不同操作要求的局限,因此今后除了要规范化现有VR评估系统,还应该进一步发展基础条件来推动系统的广泛应用。     

心理治疗效果评定量表（简式）在中、德应用的心理测量学研究

419名中国和德国被试参加了本研究,并回答了若干简式心理健康量表。所选的这套量表能对心理治疗不同阶段的效果（Howard’s阶段模型：重新认识期-转变期-康复期）进行测查。本研究目的在于考察这些简式量表能否用于认知-行为治疗跨文化培训项目中的质量管理。结果显示,这些量表在中德两种文化背景下都有很高的信度和效度（聚合效度和敏感性）。尽管项目间的高相关似乎提示心理健康模型只有一个维度,但探索性因素和理论分析则更支持心理健康是一个分为8个亚维度的模型,其中每个亚维度或者与基础情绪、或者与社会性情感相连关联。本文最后就研究结果及其对心理治疗质量控制的意义进行了详细讨论     

The Factor Structure of the Ohio Scales: A Practical Measure of Psychological Symptoms in Youth

Stakeholders have increased the focus on accountability for community mental health agencies, leading to the need for an efficient method of measuring mental health outcomes for youth. The Ohio Scales were developed specifically to address the drawbacks of existing measures of child and adolescent mental health such as length, cost, and ease of scoring. The current study examined the factor structure of the Ohio Scales Problem Severity scale and explored the concurrent validity of those factors by comparing them to similar factors on the Child Behavior Checklist and Youth Self Report, two well-established measures of childhood mental health. Using archival data from a community mental health agency serving youth and families, a randomly split sample was used to conduct an exploratory factor analysis on one subsample followed by a confirmatory factor analysis on a second subsample. The results of these analyses indicated that a four-factor model provided the best fit to the data for both youth and parent report on the Ohio Scales. The four factors included: Aggression, Delinquency, Depression, and Anxiety. Comparing the Ohio Scale factors to the factors on the Child Behavior Checklist and YSR revealed that theoretically similar factors (e.g., Anxiety and Internalizing) were more highly correlated than dissimilar factors (e.g., Anxiety and Externalizing). These results provide concurrent validity of the four-factor model of the Ohio Scales. These factors may provide more specific information regarding the types of emotional and behavioral problems youth and parents are reporting to clinicians.     

Psychological Resources,Constructive Conflict Management Behaviors,and Depressive Symptoms: A Dyadic Analysis

This study investigated the longitudinal associations between mastery, conflict management behaviors, and depressive symptoms using an actor–partner interdependence model with 371 middle-aged couples over a span of 24 years. Results indicated that for both husbands and wives, individuals who possessed higher levels of mastery generally displayed more constructive conflict management behaviors during marital conflicts in middle years. In turn, individuals with more constructive behaviors averaged fewer depressive symptoms in their later adulthood. A partner effect was also noted, as individuals’ constructive behaviors were linked to their spouse's depressive symptoms. This finding emphasizes the importance of utilizing a dyadic context to understand intra-individual and inter-individual (or crossover) influences between husbands and wives in enduring marriages. A better understanding of how couples affect each other's mental health can inform the development and implementation of health promotion interventions and prevention efforts targeting middle-aged couples.     

Correction to: Neighborhood Physical Environments,Recreational Wellbeing,and Psychological Health

Applied Research in Quality of Life - The original version for this paper unfortunately contained errors in the Author group, affiliation, and in the abstract.     

Neighborhood Physical Environments,Recreational Wellbeing,and Psychological Health

The physical environment in which individuals live has important implications for their access to resources and services. The current study examined the role of several features of neighborhoods, such as perceived walkability and neighborhood appearance, in promoting recreational wellbeing, and resulting in impacts on physical wellbeing, happiness, and life satisfaction of residents. Survey responses (N = 1392) were collected in two distinct geographical areas and, using structural equation modeling, relationships between neighborhood physical environments and resident outcomes were explored. Results indicated perceived walkability (access to services) and neighborhood appearance (upkeep and attractiveness) played a significant role in increasing recreational wellbeing. Also, recreational wellbeing was positively related to individuals’ physical wellbeing. Lastly, physical wellbeing was positively associated with happiness and life satisfaction. Together, these findings suggest community planners could use several practical neighborhood improvements to improve the overall health, happiness, and life satisfaction of their residents.

     

Profile Analysis of Psychological Symptoms Associated With Misophonia: A Community Sample

Misophonia is characterized by extreme aversive reactions to certain classes of sounds. It has recently been recognized as a condition associated with significant disability. Research has begun to evaluate psychopathological correlates of misophonia. This study sought to identify profiles of psychopathology that characterize misophonia in a large community sample. A total of N = 628 adult participants completed a battery of measures assessing anxiety and anxiety sensitivity, depression, stress responses, anger, dissociative experiences, obsessive-compulsive symptoms and beliefs, distress tolerance, bodily perceptions, as well as misophonia severity. Profile Analysis via Multidimensional Scaling (PAMS) was employed to evaluate profiles associated with elevated misophonia and those without symptoms. Three profiles were extracted. The first two accounted for 70% total variance and did not show distinctions between groups. The third profile accounted for 11% total variance, and showed that misophonia is associated with lower obsessive-compulsive symptoms for neutralizing, obsessions generally, and washing compared to those not endorsing misophonia, and higher levels of obsessive-compulsive symptoms associated with ordering and harm avoidance. This third profile extracted also showed significant differences between those with and without misophonia on the scale assessing physical concerns (that is, sensitivity to interoceptive sensations) as assessed with the ASI-3. Further research is called for involving diagnostic interviewing and experimental methods to clarify these putative mechanisms associated with misophonia.     

Understanding the Relationship Between State Forgiveness and Psychological Wellbeing: A Qualitative Study

Over the last 20 years, increasing attention has been given to associations between dispositional forgiveness and specific mental health problems. However, few studies have assessed whether forgiving real-life interpersonal hurts may be related to diverse psychological health outcomes. The present study addresses this gap by investigating, in depth, relationships between perceptions about state forgiveness and a variety of mental wellbeing outcomes as well as exploring perceptions about the factors that may modify such effects. Developing an understanding of a forgiveness wellbeing relationship is of relevance to healthcare workers, researchers and policy makers with an interest in improving public health. In-depth semi-structured interviews were conducted, and data were analysed using grounded theory methods. From England and Ireland, eleven adults who were affiliated with religious/spiritual and secular/atheist groups were recruited using purposive and convenience sampling methods. Key themes that appeared to be related to the effects of unforgiveness were: increases in negative affect; reduction in cognitive abilities and barriers to psychological and social growth. For the majority of participants, state forgiveness had strong ties to participants perceived sense of mental wellbeing, including reductions in negative affect, feeling positive emotions, positive relations with others, spiritual growth, a sense of meaning and purpose in life as well as a greater sense of empowerment. The data also revealed a number of factors that may positively or negatively influence a forgiveness–wellbeing link such as: viewing an offender as spiritually similar or different, responsibility/karma, blaming, wanting restitution/apology as well as practices such as meditation and prayer. The findings suggest that forgiving a range of real-life interpersonal offences may be an important determinant of psychological wellbeing, particularly among religious/spiritual populations. Further research is, however, needed.     

三成分心理系统：诠释传递性推理的新理论

Wright在传递性推理的研究中提出三成分心理系统模型以来,该模型理论成为了传递性推理领域研究的热点。三成分心理模型是在经典皮亚杰理论和传统信息加工理论基础上提出来的,代表了人们进行传递性推理时所进行的传递性转换、顺序抽取和协调反应等三个主要的加工机制,在不同的加工机制中运用了不同的加工策略。在此基础上,文章讨论了三成分心理模型理论未来的研究方向。