Statistical Significance Versus Theoretical Clarification: A Comment on the Doane-Jacob and Grounds Dispute

The fundamental deficiency in interactional research has been the lack of definition in the concept of communication rather than the lack of empirical data. An attempt at theoretical clarification was made by Sølvberg and Blakar's experimental manipulation of a communication task presented to parental couples with and without a schizophrenic offspring ( 28 ).     

A Comment on Work by Booth and Co-authors

Booth and his co-authors have shown in [2], that many new approaches to theory revision (with fixed K) can be represented by two relations, < and \vartriangleleft{{\vartriangleleft}}, where < is the usual ranked relation, and \vartriangleleft{{\vartriangleleft}} is a sub-relation of < . They have, however, left open a characterization of the infinite case, which we treat here.     

A Comment on Graphology

Both classical anthropological evidence and recent psychological research suggest the possibility that obscene language is both a linguistic universal and one of man's most frequent types of linguistic expression. The report here is of the initial results of what will be a comprehensive research project concerned with the use, function, and personal-cultural-linguistic significance of obscene language within English and in a variety of other languages. In the present study of a college student sample, an empirically derived set of linguistic obscenities was obtained, the effects of sex and production mode upon the quantity of production were assessed, and the obtained obscenities were categorized with respect to the denotative domains of experience to which they referred. In addition, a questionnaire survey of attitudes toward and use of obscenity was taken among the producing Ss. It was found that while production mode (oral vs. written) did not affect the quantity of obscenity produced, males significantly outproduced females. Furthermore, the obtained obscenities were meaningly classifiable into a rather limited number of categories of social-psychological experience. Those categories containing the most exemplars seemed to reflect certain cultural attitudes toward the domains of experience represented by these categories. Finally, general analyses of questionnaire responses revealed that Ss (a) generally used obscenity freely, although they would limit usage around children and their own parents; (b) indicated restrictive reactions—particularly punishment—on the part of their parents when Ss used obscenity during their upbringing; and (c) gave the reason of emotional release as their primary motivation for using obscene language. Implications of the present research for future investigation—particularly across languages—were discussed.     

Self-Help Books Used by Religious Practitioners

Self-help books are frequently used by mental health professionals as adjuncts to the counseling process. This was the first study to assess self-help book utilization practices among explicitly religious practitioners. All practitioner members of the Christian Association for Psychological Studies (N = 784) were mailed a copy of the Self-Help Book Survey. Ninety-two percent of the 243 respondents used self-help books with clients at least some of the time. There were differences between master's and doctoral level respondents with respect to how self-help books were used and the criteria used in selecting self-help books for clients. Most books recommended were explicitly Christian in nature. Those self-help books most frequently recommended are listed and may be useful to practitioners who counsel Christian clients.     

自我管理研究述评

在心理学的研究领域中,国外近年来出现了一类新的研究课题,即关于自我管理心理品质的研究。概括地说,在这类研究中自我管理是指主动调整自己的心理活动和行为,控制不当冲动,克服不利情境,积极寻求发展,取得良好适应的心理品质。显然,这种心理品质的好坏,亦即自我管理水平的高低,是影响个体社会适应效果和活动绩效以及心理健康状况的重要因素。因而,了解国外这方面的研究状况,介绍有关研究成果,对于在我国开展这方面的研究,加深对人的适应机制的理解无疑具有积极意义。     

网络心理测验法述评

随着网络的不断发展,通过网络进行心理测验的频率也迅速增加。本文分析丁这种新的测验方法的优点,如更容易获得样本、操作更灵活准确、成本更低廉以及能提供更优质的测评服务等。同时也指出网络测验法在信度、效度、管理、项目安全以及对被试保密等方面有其局限性。心理学工作者应该创造性地思考怎样利用网络来促进心理测验的发展。     

个体开业医生问题初探

个体开业医生是中国改革开放后的新生事物,为社会主义卫生事业作出了巨大贡献,是卫生队伍的补充,已受到党和国家的高度重视.个体开业医生正面临着前所未有的历史性发展机遇.为了确保他们的可持续发展,提出一系列探讨措施,以促进他们健康发展.     

A Review of Radical Behaviorism for ABA Practitioners by James M. Johnston

The Psychological Record -     

Hanly on Coase: A Comment

ABSTRACT Ken Hanly's recent article in this Journal (Vol. 9, No. 1, 1992) takes issue with Ronald Coase's approach to resolving problems of externalities, as set forth in his classic paper 'The Problem of Social Cost'. I argue that Hanly's discussion of Coase misinterprets or inappropriately rejects certain aspects of Coase's analysis, specifically, with regard to the reciprocal nature of externalities and the economic role of government. The resolution of externality problems is presented as an issue of selective normative choice as to whose interests are to count; neither efficiency nor morality claims are uniquely dispositive of the issue.     

错误记忆研究范式评介

文章概括评介了当前错误记忆研究的几种主要范式及其各自可能的认知机制。联想研究范式(包括集中联想研究范式与类别联想研究范式)和无意识知觉范式描述了人们对单词的错误记忆,而误导信息干扰范式和KK研究范式则描述了人们对持续事件的错误记忆。这两类不同的研究范式证实了可能存在不同类型的错误记忆,且可能具有不同的认知加工机制。它们都从一定层面上揭示了错误记忆现象的本质和特征,并为人们进行更深入的研究提供了有效的方法。     

陈独秀伦理革命评析

陈独秀在“五四”新文化运动中倡导的伦理革命在其思想理论体系中占有独特地位 ,对其伦理革命的思想进行评析 ,能够为我们今天的道德建设提供许多有益的启示。     

评刘劭的多元智能论

本文认为,我国古代特有的智能相对独立论,是刘劭多元智能论的理论基础.然后分析了他的四种智力、十种能力与十四种智能,以及他的多元智能论的特点和缺点.