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1.
Research on the relationship between context and facial expressions generally assumes a unidirectional effect of context on expressions. However, according to the model of the meaning of emotion expressions in context (MEEC) the effect should be bidirectional. The present research tested the effect of emotion expression on the interpretation of scenes. A total of 380 participants either (a) rated facial expressions with regard to the likely appraisal of the eliciting situation by the emoter, (b) appraised the scenes alone or (c) appraised scenes shown together with the expressions they supposedly elicited. The findings strongly supported the MEEC. When a scene was combined with an expression signalling a situation that is undesirable, or high in locus of control or sudden, the participants appraised the scene correspondingly. Thus, the meaning of scenes is malleable and affected by the way that people are seen to react to them. 相似文献
2.
Subjects listened to and imagined words and then attempted to discriminate words they had heard from words they had imagined. Discrimination was better when subjects imagined themselves saying the words (Experiments 1 and 2) than when subjects imagined the words in the speaker’s voice. Subjects also had more difficulty discriminating imagined from perceived words when they imagined in the speaker’s voice than when they imagined words in a voice other than their own or the speaker’s (Experiment 1). The results are consistent with the idea that reality monitoring is affected by the degree of similarity in sensory characteristics of memories derived from perception and from imagination (Johnson & Raye, 1981). 相似文献
3.
John Dewey and Bertrand Russell visited China at around the same time in 1920. Both profoundly influenced China during the
great transition period of this country. This article will focus on the differences between the two great figures that influenced
China in the 1920s. This comparison will examine the following five aspects: 1. Deweyanization vs. Russellization; 2. Dewey’s
“Populism” vs. Russell’s “Aristocraticism”; 3. Dewey’s “Syntheticalism” vs. Russell’s “Analyticalism”; 4. Dewey’s “Realism”
vs. Russell’s “Romanticism”; 5. Dewey’s “Conservatism” vs. Russell’s “Radicalism”. This examination will highlight that, although
their visit left indelible impressions among Chinese intellecturals, for the radical Marx–Leninists, any Western philosophy
and socio-political theories, including Dewey’s and Russell’s, were prejudicial, outworn, and even counterrevolutionary. Soon
“Marxi–Leninization” was gradually substituted for “Deweyanization” and “Russellization.” 相似文献
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《Journal of experimental child psychology》2013,114(1):35-46
In this study, the development of comprehension of essential and nonessential aspects of counting is examined in children ranging from 5 to 8 years of age. Essential aspects, such as logical rules, and nonessential aspects, including conventional rules, were studied. To address this, we created a computer program in which children watched counting errors (abstraction and order irrelevance errors) and pseudoerrors (with and without cardinal value errors) occurring during a detection task. The children judged whether the characters had counted the items correctly and were asked to justify their responses. In general, our data show that performance improved substantially with age in terms of both error and pseudoerror detection; furthermore, performance was better with regard to errors than to pseudoerrors as well as on pseudoerror tasks with cardinal values versus those without cardinal values. In addition, the children’s justifications, for both the errors and pseudoerrors, made possible the identification of conventional rules underlying the incorrect responses. A particularly relevant trend was that children seem to progressively ignore these rules as they grow older. Nevertheless, this process does not end at 8 years of age given that the conventional rules of temporal and spatial adjacency were present in their judgments and were primarily responsible for the incorrect responses. 相似文献
6.
Thodoris Dimitrakos 《国际科学哲学研究》2016,30(4):361-382
Friedman’s perspective on scientific change is a sophisticated attempt to combine Kantian transcendental philosophy and the Kuhnian historiographical model. In this article, I will argue that Friedman’s account, despite its virtues, fails to achieve the philosophical goals that it self-consciously sets, namely to unproblematically combine the revolutionary perspective of scientific development and the neo-Kantian philosophical framework. As I attempt to show, the impossibility of putting together these two aspects stems from the incompatibility between (a) Friedman’s neo-Kantian conception of the role of philosophy and the role of the notion of incommensurability, and (b) the framework of transcendental idealism and the radical character of scientific revolutions. Hence, I suggest that pace Friedman and pace Kuhn’s own self-understanding, the Kuhnian theory of scientific revolutions cannot be seen as ‘Kantianism with moveable categories’ and consequently we should either abandon the notion of radical scientific revolution or place the Kuhnian account into another, non-Kantian philosophical framework. 相似文献
7.
Selective attention is usually considered an egocentric mechanism, biasing sensory information based on its behavioural relevance to oneself. This study provides evidence for an equivalent allocentric mechanism that allows passive observers to selectively attend to information from the perspective of another person. In a negative priming task, participants reached for a red target stimulus whilst ignoring a green distractor. Distractors located close to their hand were inhibited strongly, consistent with an egocentric frame of reference. When participants took turns with another person, the pattern of negative priming shifted to an allocentric frame of reference: locations close to the hand of the observed agent (but far away from the participant’s hand) were inhibited strongly. This suggests that witnessing another’s action leads the observer to simulate the same selective attention mechanisms such that they effectively perceive their surroundings from the other person’s perspective. 相似文献
8.
Ute Deichmann 《Journal for General Philosophy of Science》2010,41(1):85-112
Inheritance and variation were a major focus of Charles Darwin’s studies. Small inherited variations were at the core of his
theory of organic evolution by means of natural selection. He put forward a developmental theory of heredity (pangenesis)
based on the assumption of the existence of material hereditary particles. However, unlike his proposition of natural selection
as a new mechanism for evolutionary change, Darwin’s highly speculative and contradictory hypotheses on heredity were unfruitful
for further research. They attempted to explain many complex biological phenomena at the same time, disregarded the then modern
developments in cell theory, and were, moreover, faithful to the widespread conceptions of blending and so-called Lamarckian
inheritance. In contrast, Mendel’s approaches, despite the fact that features of his ideas were later not found to be tenable,
proved successful as the basis for the development of modern genetics. Mendel took the study of the transmission of traits
and its causes (genetics) out of natural history; by reducing complexity to simple particulate models, he transformed it into
a scientific field of research. His scientific approach and concept of discrete elements (which later gave rise to the notion
of discrete genes) also contributed crucially to the explanation of the existence of stable variations as the basis for natural
selection. 相似文献
9.
Sorin Bangu 《Philosophy and phenomenological research》2021,102(2):439-458
My main aim is to sketch a certain reading (‘genealogical’) of later Wittgenstein’s views on logical necessity. Along the way, I engage with the inferentialism currently debated in the literature on the epistemology of deductive logic. 相似文献
10.
Martin Endreß 《Human Studies》2016,39(1):127-146
The starting point of the following inquiry addresses John Searle’s and Ian Hacking’s most prominent critique of contemporary “constructionism” in the 1990s. It is stimulated by the astonishing fact that neither Hacking nor Searle take into account Peter Berger’s and Thomas Luckmann’s classical essay and sociological masterpiece The Social Construction of Reality in their contributions. Critically revisiting Searle’s and Hacking’s critique on the so-called constructivist approach, the article demonstrates that both authors have failed to put forth a sociologically valid understanding of the approach in question. The following analysis aims to deconstruct the conceptualizations offered by Searle and Hacking, and to reconstruct and defend the original sense of the term “social construction” as most prominently introduced by Berger and Luckmann to sociology, and social sciences in general. 相似文献
11.
Continental Philosophy Review - The essay examines three major Chinese translations of Heidegger’s Dasein as cizai (此在), yuanzai (緣在) and qinzai... 相似文献
12.
Espen Dahl 《Continental Philosophy Review》2011,44(1):81-101
This article tries to bring out the implication of Cavell’s critical comments on Derrida, clustered around Cavell’s charge
that deconstruction entails a flight from the ordinary. Cavell’s and Derrida’s different readings of Austin’s ordinary language
philosophy provide a common ground for elaborating their respective positions. Their writings are at once the closest but
also the most divergent when addressing the moral implication of speech, or more precisely, when addressing their understanding
of responsibility and voice. Employing Derrida’s so-called ‘double reading’ as a leitmotif will not only shed light on the
moral dimension of deconstruction, but also bring the central target of Cavell’s critique into the open. 相似文献
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14.
A. Sierszulska 《Axiomathes》2006,16(4):486-498
It is not a common practice to postulate meaning entities treated as objects of some kind. The paper demonstrates two ways
of introducing meaning-objects in two logics of natural language, Tichy’s Transparent Intensional Logic and Zalta’s Intensional
Logic of Abstract Objects. Tichy’s theory belongs to the Fregean line of thinking, with what he calls ‘constructions’ as Fregean
senses, and ‘determiners’ as object-like meaning entities constructed by the senses. Zalta’s theory belongs to Meinongian
logics and he postulates a rich realm of abstract Meinongian objects to play the role of meanings. The paper analyses the
mechanisms of reference in both conceptions and it offers a comparison of the mediating meaning-objects and the framework
designed to expose this mediation in both theories. An attempt is made to expose how the treatment of the meaning entities
depends upon the theory of meaning which is assumed. 相似文献
15.
Lü Chunshan 《Frontiers of Philosophy in China》2012,7(4):662
In his new book Being and Substance: A Study of Aristotle’s Metaphysics Z1–9, Nie Minli, taking a holistic perspective, argues that the primary substance—that is, the individual in Categories—is identical to form, which is the primary substance in Metaphysics Z, and that Z3 has finished arguing what the real candidate of substance is and the inserted Z7–9 texts are the “core and key” of the entire book. In spite of his excellent scholarship and masterful interpretation of Metaphysics Z4–6, Z7, Categories 1–5 and Physics Α, Nie offers insufficient textual support for his interpretation of the primary substance in Metaphysics Z and the content of Z3. Although substance is the subject (hypokeimenon) and a “this” (tode ti) in Categories, it is the ultimate subject (hypokeimenon eschaton) and a “this” (tode ti) and separable (choriston) in Metaphysics. As the ultimate subject, substance is form and matter but not the individual. As a “this” (tode ti) and separable (choriston), substance is form; moreover, the primary substance is form. In my view, that form is substance in Z3 serves more as a plan or outline needed to prove in the following than as a definite conclusion. This article also points out that tode ti in Z8, 1033b21 refers to the individual but not the form. Homōnuma in Z9 cannot be understood as “sharing the same name but with different meaning,” but, rather, simply as “having the same name.” 相似文献
16.
Over the past few decades, the work of Georg Simmel (1858–1918) has again become of interest. Its reception, however, has
been fairly one-sided and selective, mostly because Simmel’s philosophy has been bypassed in favor of his sociological contributions.
This article examines Simmel’s explicit reflections on the nature of philosophy. Simmel defines philosophy through three aspects
which, according to him, are common to all philosophical schools. First, philosophical reasoning implies the effort to think
without preconditions. Second, Simmel maintains that in contrast to other sciences, only philosophy is oriented toward constructing
a general view of the world. Third, Simmel claims that philosophical work worthy of the name creates a sphere of a typical way of being in relation to world, a third sphere that is between the personal and the objective. According to Simmel, what has made philosophy’s eminent figures great
is that they have advanced a type of thinking and developed it into a particularly interesting form, and this type can still
correspond with the way we experience the world. It is significant that these three aspects through which Simmel defines philosophical
activity emphasize the forms of questioning, not the contents or objects of thought. Still, he thinks that an interaction
with concrete examples is always required in order to make philosophy a meaningful activity. This stance is reflected in the
wide variety of topics studied by Simmel himself. In his last works Simmel began to emphasize another aspect of philosophy,
its nature as a living movement of thought related to fundamental human limitedness: just as life itself ceaselessly reaches
beyond its present form, so philosophy constantly strives to overcome the preconditions of thinking.
相似文献
Olli Pyyhtinen (Corresponding author)Email: |
17.
Matheson Russell 《Husserl Studies》2011,27(1):41-62
Over four decades, Habermas has put to paper many critical remarks on Husserl’s work as occasion has demanded. These scattered
critical engagements nonetheless do add up to a coherent (if contestable) position regarding the project of transcendental
phenomenology. This essay provides a comprehensive reconstruction of the arguments Habermas makes and offers a critical assessment
of them. With an eye in particular to the theme of intersubjectivity (a theme of fundamental interest to both thinkers), it
is argued that Habermas’s arguments do indeed show up deficiencies in Husserlian phenomenology and yet that they do not succeed
in proving that we must abandon the methods and tasks of phenomenological research. On the contrary, it is argued that phenomenological
methods may well be needed in order to investigate certain philosophical questions that Habermas’s theory of communication
has thus far only partially addressed. 相似文献
18.
Studia Logica - It is shown how Tarski’s 1929 axiomatization of mereology secures the reflexivity of the ‘part of’ relation. This is done with a fusion-abstraction principle that... 相似文献
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20.
Andreas Karitzis 《Journal for General Philosophy of Science》2011,42(1):61-73
In this paper I question the view that realism must delineate the basic ontological furniture of the world rather than giving
arguments in semantic or epistemic terms for the existence of a mind-independent world. I call this view of stating and defending
realism the Ontological Defence of Realism (or ODR) and take Devitt’s account of realism as a paradigmatic case of ODR. I
argue that ODR cannot block ‘verificationist antirealism’ because the specific (physical) nature of what exists is not enough
to secure the mind-independence of what exists and, additionally, every element purported to achieve this, it compromises
seriously the idea that realism is primarily an ontological issue. I also stress that ODR is in tension with a plausible realist
insight namely the priority of the world over our theorizing. Because of this tension ODR weakens realism in several domains
with no good reason. Specifically, I argue that in these domains ODR faces a dilemma: either to reject realism or to take
realism to be dependent on a reductive account violating the realist insight. My point is that we should keep realism and
ontology distinct and that compliance with the realist insight initiates a better strategy for the defence of realism. I address
three possible objections thereby further clarifying my point. I conclude by presenting my view about the relation between
ontology and realism. 相似文献