儿童白血病治疗的几点思考

儿童白血病是小儿发病率最高的恶性肿瘤.随着分子生物学、遗传学、免疫学的发展,抗白血病的新药物不断被发现,新的治疗方法不断被采用.在选择治疗方法时,应用哲学思想进行指导,显得尤为重要.     

白血病治疗方法的分析及评介

白血病治疗方法的分析及评介第二军医大学附属长征医院血液科（上海２００００３）陈玉宝白血病是起源于人类造血系统的恶性肿瘤。近年来，由于抗白血病的新药物不断被发现，新的治疗方法不断被采用，其治疗已取得令人瞩目的成就。本文就已经建立和正在建立的白血病治疗方...     

异体造血干细胞移植问题、发展与思考

异体造血干细胞移植(Allo-HSCT)已成为治疗恶性血液病及其他各种疾病的有效方法之一。在Allo-HSCT中由于供体和受体免疫屏障的存在。从而一开始就是一个供受体矛盾的对立统一的过程。对其中矛盾的研究和解决充满了辩证唯物的哲学思想。也促使Allo-HSCT技术不断发展。新的方法和理念不断出现。使Allo-HSCT治疗白血病的疗效不断提高。     

白血病的靶向治疗:前世和今生

白血病是一类具有异质性的造血系统恶性肿瘤。世界上第一例白血病的报道始于近200年前,而白血病的治疗亦有近百年的历史。在急性早幼粒细胞和慢性髓系白血病治疗的探索之路上,维甲酸、砷剂以及酪氨酸激酶抑制剂的出现均为白血病靶向治疗史上成功范例。急性髓系白血病(AML)是成人白血病最常见的类型,过去40多年来其标准治疗方案几乎没有进展。近年来涌现的靶向新药给AML的治疗带来了新的希望。本文简述白血病的发现及治疗史,重点介绍急性早幼粒细胞白血病和慢性粒细胞白血病靶向治疗的成功过去,以及近年来AML靶向治疗的进展。     

老年急性髓系白血病的治疗

老年急性髓性白血病具有独特的生理及生物学特性.目前尽管治疗手段多样,但治疗效果不佳.从哲学的角度观察和分析老年急性髓性白血病的治疗特点,根据不同的预后因素选择不同的治疗方法,以期实现治疗的个体化和最优化.     

白血病患者放弃治疗的调查与伦理思考

白血病患者放弃治疗在医院时有发生,通过调查白血病患者放弃治疗情况,对其调查结果进行了深入分析,并对白血病患者放弃治疗的含义,判断、标准、伦理原则、医学法规程序进行了深入的思考.     

白血病需要综合治疗

通过分析目前白血病单一治疗方法学中的利与弊,可以得到一些重要的启示和思考,这些启示引导我们要用综合的手段去治疗白血病,并最终攻克白血病这一顽疾。     

白血病诱导分化治疗中的生态自然观

诱导分化是一种治疗白血病的新方法,它通过促使分化不完全的肿瘤细胞分化成熟,使恶性转为良性.临床应用全反式维甲酸(ATRA)和三氧化二砷(As2O3)诱导急性早幼粒细胞性白血病取得了较高的完全缓解率,毒副作用也较低.诱导分化治疗策略突破了将杀灭肿瘤细胞作为治疗肿瘤的惟一方法的思维局限,谋求在与白血病细胞的和谐中获得人类的健康,是生态自然观应用于医疗实践的成功范例.     

白血病需要综合治疗

通过分析目前白血病单一治疗方法学中的利与弊,可以得到一些重要的启示和思考,这些启示引导我们要用综合的手段去治疗白血病,并最终攻克白血病这一顽疾.     

慢性粒细胞白血病治疗方案选择的分析

随着对慢性粒细胞白血病（CML）发病机制研究的深入,在细胞遗传学基础上引入了分子生物学技术,使CML的治疗提高到了个体化、系统化的新阶段。结合现代新兴的分子靶向治疗,对CML治疗方法发展概况辩证性、系统性地分析,指导临床选择合适的治疗方法,以争取达到最佳治疗效果。     

Some linguistic considerations related to the issue of female orgasm.

The purpose of this paper has been to identify a linguistic issue that continues to cloud our thinking about the subject of female orgasm. A specific technical revision has been recommended, i.e., that female orgasms be described as either coital or noncoital. It has been suggested that we help our female patients to become aware of this vocabulary and that we let them know that the clitoral/vaginal dichotomy is incorrect. Systematic adherence to the correct vocabulary is therapeutic. The linguistic implications concerning the issue of female orgasm have been examined as they relate to both theory and practice. It has been argued that linguistic usage pertaining to female sexuality generally is the product of a patriarchal value structure and, as such, reflects patriarchal prejudices about female sexuality. It has been suggested that the apparent inability of many women to achieve coital orgasms is related to centuries-old cultural attitudes and that linguistic usages, particularly dichotomies, tend to perpetuate the prejudices that underlie many cultural attitudes. Freud's view of the role of language in clinical practice has been indicated. Finally, it has been suggested that the linguistic recommendation made in this paper can be viewed as implementing the process by which recent biological findings are used to strengthen psychoanalytic theory and practice.     

生存质量与心律失常非药物治疗

生存质量的概念在９０年代广泛应用于临床,作为评价某一药物或某一治疗方法的手段之一。在心律失常的非药物治疗领域,正是引入了生存质量这一概念才使起搏器从单纯维持生命进展到双腔和／或频率应答。才改进生存质量,亦使快速性心律失常从手术治疗走向消融治疗。对高水平生存质量的追求是医患双方共同的目的。     

The initial counseling interview

Conclusion There is no doubt that the initial interview puts maximum demands upon the counselor's skill, knowledge, and abilities. How the initial interview is structured and developed will have a strong influence upon the subsequent developments and outcomes of a counseling relationship. Errors made in the first session are usually much more costly than those made after a good working relationship has been established. If the initial interview has developed toward goals as outlined herein, then the counselee will find he has been able to express and explore some of life's difficulties which have been bother-some or disturbing to him. He is likely to feel some progress has been made. The counselor should rcognize that a major counseling goal has been achieved when, at the end of the initial interview, he feels he has established a helping or working relationship with the counselee. Such a relationship is the crucible in which personality change can evolve.     

A case study on human development and security: Madagascar's mining sector and conservation-induced displacement of populations

This case study introduces the QIT Madagascar Minerals (QMM) SA mining project at Fort-Dauphin, Madagascar, as a development project that has produced issues concerning justice. Although QMM appears to be a model company with a project that is seen as a success story, its consequent displacement of populations has been problematic in many respects, as have been the social effects that arise due to migration to the area by others who are attracted by the project. We suggest that the root of many of these problems is that the people to be displaced have played an insignificant role in forming the project itself: consultation has instead been centred on corporate, government and environmental NGO concerns and interests. Compensation for losses has been inadequate. As non-mining land has been set aside as an offset for the purpose of conservation, traditional livelihoods have been curtailed. A narrow and Western conception of natural conservation that forbids access by the people has ensued for lands that have been reserved for natural conservation purposes. We conclude that, in this case, an NGO-related policy of ‘neo-liberal conservation’ that is wedded to non-consultative development project design has denied displaced populations a fair share of project benefits and reduced their security.     

基于外域范例可拓推理的研究

基于范例推理(CBR)是人类常用的一种解决问题方式,也是人工智能的一种研究范式,在许多领域都得到了应用。但CBR也可能受到心理定势和负迁移的影响,对于创造性思维有一定的负面作用。研究对CBR进行了改进,提出了在外域搜索范例并作可拓变换的方法,称为基于外域范例的可拓推理,并将它运用到产品创新构思系统的设计中,为把认知心理学应用到国家经济建设中提供了新思路。     

TOWARD LIMITING AURAL SCRUPULOSITY WHILE LISTENING

Historically, emphasis has been placed on developing verbal skills toward the goal of improving communication. Success, however, has been limited because this emphasis has been misplaced. The burden of effective communication rests upon the listener and is dependent upon his ability to perceive and interpret not only the verbal but principally the non-verbal forms of expression. It is virtually impossible to understand and help a person without the ability to understand the total communication pattern. The communicant must also be aware that what has a certain significance to one person has an entirely different meaning to another.     

Gender Now

This paper offers a synthesizing position statement on gender now. Gender has been socially transformed; cultural orders and symbolic meanings have evolved. Gender theory has changed considerably. Kinship as it informs gender has been reconsidered. The binary masculine–feminine complementary relationship between gender and sexuality has been deconstructed. Gender development has been recast in a frame that is both more attuned to social transformations and more fine-tuned to the relational excess that is early human life. Gendered embodiment and fantastic experience is being thought in accord with our recognition of the anxious force of normative regulation. The intricate latticework of gender coherence, bodily coherence, and psychic equilibrium is now open to question. Clinical technique, as one listens to gender now, must also be reframed.     

Guided Internet-Based CBT for Common Mental Disorders

The Internet has become a part of most people’s lives in many parts of the world. Since the late 1990s there has been an intensive research activity in which psychological treatments, such as cognitive behavior therapy (CBT), have been found to be effective when delivered via the Internet. Most research studies indicate that the effects are larger when some form of guidance is provided from a therapist, and unguided treatments tend to lead to more dropout and smaller effects. Guided Internet treatments often consists of book length text materials, but can also include other components such as audio files and video clips. Homework assignment is often included and feedback is given for completed homework. Guided Internet-based CBT (iCBT) has been found to work for problems such as depression, panic-, social anxiety-, and generalized anxiety disorders. There are many research trials in which participants have been recruited via media, and there has been less research conducted in representative clinical settings. Most research has been conducted on adults and in university settings with nationwide recruitment. There is a need for treatments and studies on older adults, children and adolescents. In conclusion, dissemination of the research findings on guided iCBT to regular clinical settings is warranted.     

A Retrospective on Sociobiology

Zygon has been discussing the implications of sociobiology for twenty-five years, ever since E. O. Wilson's book by that name first burst upon the stage. In the course of that discussion there have been many heated exchanges, but in this journal, at least, the heat has also generated light. Thus it is now timely and useful to review and consolidate Zygon 's approach to the sociobiology construct, not only as it was originally presented but as it has changed over time. The goal of this article is to recapitulate and summarize the dialogue that has taken place here. But my aim is not merely to rehash the discussion; it is more precisely to extend and continue it. Specific proposals are offered that are designed to ground future conversations on the solid foundation that has been established over the last quarter century.     

Toward an Epistemology of the Hand

Western philosophy has been greatly influenced by visual metaphors. Knowing something has commonly, yet implicitly, been conceptualized as seeing something clearly, learning has been framed as being visually exposed to something, and the mind has been understood as a ‘mirror of nature’. A whole ‘epistemology of the eye’ has been at work, which has had significant practical implications, not least in educational contexts. One way to characterize John Dewey’s pragmatism is to see it as an attempt to replace the epistemology of the eye with an epistemology of the hand. This article develops the epistemology of the hand on three levels: A level of embodiment and metaphors, of craftsmanship and social practices, and of schooling and education.