心理疾病自我污名:心理康复的一个高危因子

心理疾病自我污名是心理疾病患者内化公众的消极刻板印象、偏见和歧视,形成自我偏见和歧视的现象.心理疾病自我污名会给患者带来一系列的负面影响,是心理康复过程中的一个高危因子.自我污名可能是通过引发患者的消极认知、负面情感和自我歧视行为来危及心理康复过程的.对自我污名的干预应针对患者和社会公众分别加以实施.未来可以从理论构建、测量工具和干预措施的改进,以及去污名与心理康复的融合等方面展开自我污名本土化的研究.     

Consumer Perspectives of Participation in Vocational Programs by Individuals With Serious Mental Illness: Two Phenomenological Studies

Engagement in worker roles presents significant challenges for individuals with serious mental illnesses. Evolution of vocational rehabilitation programs has yielded evidence-based support for supported employment models. This research presents a phenomenological study of consumer viewpoints concerning participation in earlier vocational rehabilitation programs, followed by a study of supported employment participation perspectives. Initial study themes of Chaos: Living with Disruptions, Mixed Blessings: Vocational Rehabilitation Program, Feelings of Discrepancy, and Searching for Order were reinforced by follow-up study themes of Positive Feelings of Worker Satisfaction and Managing Self/Illness. Consumers identified success in employment outcomes, if able to balance illness and work demands.     

Influences on the Food Choice Behaviors of Adults With Severe Mental Illness

The objective of this research was to gain a deeper understanding of factors influencing the healthiness of food choice behaviors of community-dwelling adults with severe mental illness. Semi-structured interviews were conducted in an outpatient treatment facility with 20 program participants and 10 staff. Grounded theory analysis methods were used. Five dominant themes emerged: food availability, preference for simple food preparation, perceived cost of food, complexity of choice, and relative importance of healthy food choices. The theme of medication effects only emerged from staff interviews. This research can be useful to inform the design of nutrition interventions for this population.     

South African Muslim Psychologists' Perceptions of Mental Illness

This study explored perceptions of mental illness in a sample of 10 female Muslim psychologists in a South African city to determine the influences of religion (and Islam specifically) on their understanding of the aetiology and treatment of mental illness. Participants responded to a semi-structured interview. The data from the interviews were thematically analyzed. Four themes emerged from the analysis: mental illness as maladaptive coping, religion as a resource for wellbeing, influences of personal religiosity on therapy and openness to collaborative treatment     

心理疾病内隐污名述评

心理疾病内隐污名是个体无法内省或精确识别的与心理疾病有关的痕迹, 它潜在地调节着个体对心理疾病患者的观念和行为。心理疾病内隐污名的主要测量方法包括内隐联想测验、简式内隐联想测验、启动任务和生理心理测量。当前该研究领域集中在内隐污名的成分、公众内隐污名、自我内隐污名、去污名化评估等方面。未来研究可从心理疾病内隐污名的构成与结构、认知神经基础、测量整合和本土化等角度做进一步探讨。     

心理疾病污名社会表征公众影响初探

在中国文化背景下对心理疾病污名社会表征的公众影响进行了初步探讨。在全国12个省市对1028名普通公众进行问卷调查。结果发现,心理疾病污名社会表征的不同维度分别对公众接近、帮助心理疾病患者的意愿和专业心理求助意愿产生正面或负面的影响。公众污名感知在社会表征影响行为意愿过程中起中介作用。     

Poverty and Serious Mental Illness: Toward Action on a Seemingly Intractable Problem

This paper examines the issue of poverty among people with serious mental illness (SMI), positioning it as a key issue to be confronted by community mental health systems and practitioners. The paper reviews three perspectives on poverty, considering how each sheds light on poverty among people with SMI, and their implications for action: (a) monetary resources, (b) basic needs, and (c) capabilities. The paper argues that community mental health programs and systems are currently unable to address poverty as they are overly focused on individual‐level interventions that, on their own, cannot raise people out of poverty. The paper calls for a social justice value, informed by the concept of citizenship, as a necessary complement to the recovery concept that has informed community mental health practice for almost 25 years. Finally, the paper argues that community psychologists, with their concepts, methods, and values, are well positioned to contribute to this important issue. However, it also contends that addressing poverty requires collaboration from community psychologists with researchers and practitioners from other fields and domains of expertise to begin to make progress.     

Sexual Intimacy,Mental Illness,and Homelessness

The current article reviews the literature on sexuality among individuals with a severe mental illness (SMI) who have experienced homelessness, a topic that has received little attention in the research literature, particularly from a community psychology perspective. The review begins with a synthesis of the literature on SMI and sexuality, followed by a review of the available literature on SMI, homelessness, and sexuality. It concludes with an interpretation of the findings using community psychology values and principles. The findings highlight the importance of intimate relationships to recovery for many individuals with an SMI who have experienced homelessness. Policy implications for homeless shelters and housing interventions are discussed.     

19世纪西方医学对精神疾病诊治的影响

精神疾病是现代困扰人类的主要疾病之一。通过总结19世纪西方医学对精神疾病的认识及主要治疗方法,拟展现这个世纪中治疗方法随观念变化和实践深入而发展的轨迹,旨在说明19世纪是西医精神病学发展史上的重要时期,并揭示其与现代精神疾病治疗的历史传承性。     

Gender Differences in Reactions to Mental Illness Labeling: The Role of Agency and Communion

Numerous individual characteristics influence responses to receiving a mental health diagnosis, including gender. This study sought to determine how gender influences reactions to being labeled as depressed or not depressed, which were categorized as falling into themes of communion or agency. Using the themes developed by Niedzwienska (2003), 168 college students’ responses to depression labels were coded as a part of a laboratory experiment. The results indicate that the expected sex differences do exist, but multivariate analyses indicate that the choice of communal themes was influenced by sex but the use of agency themes was not influenced by sex.     

心理疾病污名形成理论述评

心理疾病污名是加诸于患者身上的耻辱标记,妨碍患者的治疗和康复。心理疾病污名的成因理论包括功能主义和生物文化两个派别,污名的发展模型解释了污名的形成过程,身份威胁模型对污名的作用机制进行了阐述。通过抗议、教育和接触可以有效地减少污名。在中国开展相关研究应注重分析传统文化、心理疾病类型与污名的关系,探讨各种减少污名策略的可行性     

国外心理疾病烙印影响研究概述

心理疾病污名足加诸在心理疾病患者身上的耻辱标记,世界卫生组织2001年指出"心理和行为障碍患者康复的最大阻碍就是社会对他们的污名和与之相连的歧视".作者对国外污名领域的研究进行了回顾,论述了心理疾病污名的概念、有关其影响机制的理论和实证研究.从公众污名和自我污名两方面论述了污名对心理疾病患者的影响以及消除污名的方法.     

Ethical Challenges and Legal Issues for Mental Health Professionals Working With Family Caregivers of Individuals With Serious Mental Illness

Mental health professionals frequently work with family caregivers in the provision of psychotherapy services to individuals with serious mental illness. To address the need for ethical guidelines for working with family caregivers, an analysis of relevant ethical and legal issues is provided within the context of dynamic mental health care and legal systems. When working with family caregivers, practitioners utilize the American Psychological Association’s Ethics Code (2010), legal codes, and a complex decision-making plan; identify and communicate ethical obligations to family caregivers; consider the unmet needs of this population; avoid harm resulting from multiple relationships; and balance ethical duties of beneficence and respect for autonomy.     

大陆和台湾地区精神疾病患者强制住院医疗之比较研究

精神病患者是社会弱势群体,其权利易遭受他人的侵害,同时其有可能对他人权利造成损害。因此为维护本人和他人权利,有必要对其实施特殊的措施。大陆和台湾地区均规定对严重精神病患者实施强制住院医疗措施,但二者在强制医疗的对象、程序以及人身自由的限制等方面存在重大差异。大陆强制医疗采取的是行政程序,而台湾地区是"准司法程序",其强制医疗决定由第三方作出。台湾地区精神卫生法为精神病患者提供了较为完善的权益保障体系。     

The Effects of Repeated Exposure to the ARRAY Program With Offenders With Mental Illness

In an A‐B‐A‐B‐A single‐case research study of 3 incarcerated offenders with mental illness, repeated exposure to the pilot Adult Recidivism Reduction Alternatives (ARRAY) group counseling intervention was an effective or very effective treatment for anxiety, depression, and associated somatic symptoms.     

South African Muslim Faith Healers Perceptions of Mental Illness: Understanding,Aetiology and Treatment

The important role that religious beliefs may have on perceptions of mental illness cannot be ignored. Many religions including Islam advocate witchcraft and spirit possession—all of which are thought to influence the behaviour of a person so as to resemble that of a mentally ill individual. Thus this research explored Muslim Faith Healers perceptions of mental and spiritual illness in terms of their understanding of the distinctions between the two, the aetiologies and the treatments thereof. Six Muslim Healers in the Johannesburg community were interviewed and thematic content analysis was used to analyse the data. From the results it is clear that the faith healers were aware of the distinction between mental and spiritual illnesses. It was also apparent that Islam has a clear taxonomy that distinguishes illness and the causes thereof. Treatments are then advised accordingly. Thus this paper argues that the predominant Western view of the aetiology and understanding of mental illness needs to acknowledge the various culturally inclined taxonomies of mental illness so as to better understand and aid clients.

A Systematic Review of the Effects of Horticultural Therapy on Persons with Mental Health Conditions

A systematic review of the benefits of horticultural therapy (HT) on persons with mental health conditions was conducted. A review of research from 1992 through 2015 located 14 studies. The studies were analyzed using the McMaster’s Critical Review Form for Quantitative Studies (MQCRF), a scale by Barras (2005 Barras, S. (2005). A systematic and critical review of the literature: The effectiveness of occupational therapy home assessment on range of outcome measures. Australian Occupational Therapy Journal, 52, 326–336. doi:10.1111/j.1440-1630.2005.00496.x[Crossref] , [Google Scholar]), and the Levels of Evidence for Occupational Therapy Outcomes Research. Eleven of 14 studies reported statistically significant findings in support of HT for at least one dependent variable. The findings were found in a variety of settings, mental health conditions, and with both genders. This review found moderate initial evidence that HT can improve client factors and performance skills.     

Housing for People with Serious Mental Illness: A Comparison of Values and Research

This article contrasts values associated with the delivery of housing programs for people with serious mental illness with the typical topics pertaining to housing that are studied by researchers. Six values were identified through a search and content analysis of the literature on housing for people with serious mental illness. A second review of the literature was conducted to identify research on housing for this population. A comparison of findings from the two reviews suggested that whereas values concerned with the therapeutic benefits of housing had received considerable research attention, those concerned with a citizenship dimension had received relatively little. The findings are discussed in terms of their implications for the delivery of housing services and for housing research.     

Developing Roles and Skills in Community-Living Adults With Severe and Persistent Mental Illness

People with severe and persistent mental illness often experience a disruption in the development of social roles, and the skills within these roles. Role Development, a set of guidelines for practice, is an intervention to develop roles and skills. The purpose of this study was to continue to examine the efficacy of this intervention. Ten people attending two community mental health programs participated in evaluation and treatment based on Role Development. Quantitative pretest and posttest measures were used. Qualitative components were incorporated to get a sense of the experience involved in developing roles and skills. Quantitative results indicated statistical significance (p < .05) in the development of roles and skills. Qualitative data revealed multiple trends experienced by the participants. This study contributes to the evidenced-based knowledge regarding development of roles and skills for persons living with severe and persistent mental illness.