组织文化、组织文化吻合度与员工的组织公民行为

以中国普通员工为被试,考察了组织文化、组织文化吻合度与员工组织公民行为(OCB)之间的关系.结果发现: (1)不同年龄、不同类型企业员工的OCB存在显著差异,但在性别、教育水平方面没有差异; (2)不同取向的组织文化对员工不同层面的OCB具有不同的预测作用.具体而言.组织文化对社会层面OCB的预测作用较强;就单一取向的组织文化来看,人本与创新取向的组织文化对OCB的预测作用最强; (3)在组织文化影响员工组织公民行为时,组织文化吻合度具有一定的调节作用,这种调节作用在人本与创新取向以及规范与安定取向的组织文化影响OCB时表现更加明显.     

基于组织的自尊的情境化与适用性

基于组织的自尊(OBSE)是组织情境下个人对自身能力和价值的评价, 对员工的工作态度、行为和绩效有重要的影响。在回顾最近研究的基础上, 总结了基于组织的自尊的情境化测量与结构。在整合现有相关研究和理论的基础上, 构建了基于组织的自尊情境化研究的法理性框架。针对国内外基于组织的自尊研究的差异, 结合中国情境的特殊性, 对“基于组织的自尊”概念在中国情境下语义差异、语义等值和情境适用性进行了讨论。最后, 对基于组织的自尊未来的情境化研究以及在中国情境下的发展进行了展望。     

印象管理对组织公民行为的预测作用的实证研究

以188名企业员工及其主管和同事为被试,运用问卷调查法和分层回归分析的统计方法考察了印象管理独立于组织公平感对组织公民行为的预测作用。结果发现：在控制了公平感之后,印象管理能够显著增加大多数主管评价OCB可解释的变异,但与任何同事评价OCB之间不存在显著相关。结论：印象管理对除OCB—S以外的主管评价OCB具有显著的独立预测作用。     

中国组织情境下破坏性领导行为的诱因：一项追踪研究

破坏性领导行为的危害不容忽视, 然而, 学术界对于这一领域的探究尚处起步阶段。本研究首先在中国组织情境下, 采用质化研究与量化研究相结合的方式, 探讨破坏性领导的结构维度, 开发破坏性领导的测量量表; 然后以"管理者及其下属配对"为研究对象, 采用追踪研究设计, 收集"管理者－员工"配对数据, 运用结构方程模型、多元回归分析以及多层线性模型技术进行统计分析, 探讨破坏性领导行为的诱因。具体包括三个研究：(1)中国组织情境下破坏性领导的结构与测量研究; (2)破坏性领导行为的诱因：基于个体特质与组织情境视角的跨层次的追踪研究; (3)破坏性领导行为的诱因：基于下属特征视角的追踪研究。研究结果有助于澄清中国组织情境下破坏性领导的内涵与维度结构, 识别与测量中国组织情境下的破坏性领导行为, 揭示个体特质对破坏性领导行为的影响效应, 探明诱发破坏性领导行为的组织情境因素和下属特征因素。     

超越个体：组织公民行为跨层次研究

以往的研究认为组织公民行为是个人行为,并且大多数研究是在个体层次上展开的。事实上,由于组织中的个体嵌入在群体和组织中,组织公民行为会受到群体和组织等不同层次因素的影响。本文从层次问题入手,对国外文献深入系统研究的基础上,对组织公民行为的研究层次和研究模型进行梳理,以期明晰组织公民行为的层次研究现状,并在此基础上探讨中国本土化情境下开展组织公民行为跨层次研究的必要性和可行性。     

从组织承诺到组织忠诚:华人组织忠诚的概念内涵与结构

回顾、分析西方组织忠诚研究——从组织承诺到组织公民行为的研究发展过程,显示西方组织忠诚概念深受西方文化思想的影响.尽管西方从组织承诺又发展出组织公民行为的研究,但研究长期切割了组织忠诚的态度和行为两个层面.忠诚在中国有悠久的历史文化传统,近期研究发现华人组织忠诚有着独特的文化内涵成分,然而当前研究仍存在不足.因此,进一步深化华人组织忠诚研究不仅必要,对于构建适应华人文化的组织行为理论也有着重要的价值.     

医务人员组织公民行为理论及其研究进展

介绍了组织公民行为概念的来源,以及医务人员组织公民行为研究状况。在分析已有研究的基础上,指出了未来研究的三个方向：基于医疗服务组织特性的医务人员组织公民行为概念及其构成研究,医务人员组织公民行为与相关概念的关系研究,基于中国社会文化情境的医务人员组织公民行为研究。     

组织上层领导PM领导行为研究

本研究采用日本ＰＭ领导行为理论,用中国修订版的ＰＭ量表对１３８名组织中层领导进行了问卷调查,以评定其组织上层领导者的领导行为类型,并与中、日企业界的有关研究结果进行了比较。目的是研究组织上层领导所特有的领导行为特征以及与其相对应的情境因素,试图为科学地评估组织上层领导的管理水平,以及培训高绩效的管理人才,提供标准化、客观化和量化的可靠性数据,为组织领导行为的优化提供实证性研究资料。     

组织情境下的不道德行为现象:来自道德推脱理论的解释

为什么企业中的不道德行为会屡屡发生?这是一直以来困扰组织管理实践者和学者们的难题,不道德行为的发生与发展机制已经成为心理学研究的一个重要领域。其中,心理学视角下的道德推脱理论为这一难题提供了解释思路。在企业的现实情况中,可以从员工个体和组织领导两方面维度研究各自对应的组织情境因素通过道德推脱机制对不道德行为产生的影响。未来研究的关键在于探讨和实证检验组织情境下道德推脱机制的选择偏好对不道德行为的影响作用,不断丰富和加强道德推脱对员工个体以及领导不道德行为影响机理的研究。     

组织心理学研究的情境化及多层次理论

由于组织具有明确的目标和特定的任务, 组织心理与一般情境中人的心理有所区别。由于组织情境下的心理与行为受到个体、群体、组织甚至社会几个层次上的多种因素的影响, 组织心理研究者所建立理论要揭示这些情境变量与所研究的现象之间的联系。本文首先介绍了近年来组织研究中的情境化趋势, 举例说明情境化对于理论发展的贡献。随后, 本文阐述了组织心理学研究中的理论层次问题, 强调界定构念和理论层次的必要性, 并说明界定理论层次背后的逻辑。文章以群体层次的研究为例, 说明形成群体层次构念的方法以及测量群体层次构念时需要注意的问题。鉴于组织中个体层次的因变量会受到个体和更高层次变量的共同影响, 文章在最后部分介绍了组织心理学研究中的多层次理论。本文以近年来发表的组织心理学研究报告为例, 说明研究的情境化以及建立多层次理论的方法。     

Levels of measurement and analysis issues in organizational citizenship behaviour research

The majority of work in organizational behaviour has been conducted at the individual level of theory, measurement and analysis. While the field of organizational behaviour may be viewed as largely mixed‐level, incorporating individual, group and organizational‐level phenomena, relatively few group‐level and mixed‐level theories with corresponding levels of research exist. This is particularly problematic for organizational citizenship behaviour (OCB) research, since OCB is theorized to exist at multiple levels. Several individual‐level and group‐level antecedents affect OCB, but it is OCB in the aggregate (i.e. group and organizational level) which impacts organizational effectiveness, which is another organizational‐level phenomenon. A brief review of group‐level and mixed‐level research methodology is presented and these methods are then applied to a burgeoning area of organizational behaviour research, one which is inherently group and mixed‐level, organizational citizenship behaviour (OCB). Implications of the different levels of measurement and analysis for OCB theory development and testing are discussed.     

员工强制性组织公民行为的多层次形成机制

组织公民行为一直被视为员工“心甘情愿”而为之, 然而随着被加班、被捐款等“被”现象的不断出现, 越来越多的研究证实强制性组织公民行为(即被迫无奈的组织公民行为)在组织中同样普遍存在, 而且会导致劳资关系紧张, 威胁企业内部和谐等, 但相关研究较为匮乏。本研究以员工的强制性组织公民行为为研究对象, 聚焦于对其形成机制的研究。具体地, 使用特质激活、强制说服和自我决定等理论, 分别从指向员工个体、领导和组织三个层次的影响因素揭示员工强制性组织公民行为的形成机制, 建立员工强制性组织公民行为多层次形成机制的概念模型。研究结果实践上有利于本土企业构建和谐的劳资关系并实施更加人性化的管理, 理论上有望为组织公民行为领域贡献新的知识, 在一定程度上推动组织公民行为理论在中国的研究与应用。     

企业员工工作价值观与组织公民行为的关系研究

本研究旨在探讨企业员工工作价值观与组织公民行为的关系。用工作价值观调查表、中国组织公民行为量表对525名企业员工进行了问卷调查,结果发现：整体工作价值观与整体组织公民行为存在着显著性相关;工作价值观的能力警曼等璧翌组织公民行为的公司认同、个人主动性、保护公司资源因素有显著正向影响;工作价值观的地位因素对组织公民行为的公司认同、同事间的利他行为、个人主动性因素有显著正向影响。     

组织公民行为研究的新视角

对2000年以后组织公民行为领域出现的最新研究动态进行讨论和分析,主要包括基于社会资本和社会网络的组织公民行为研究、社会规范对组织公民行为的影响、群体层次的组织公民行为研究以及对组织公民行为的负面作用的探讨。作者分别讨论了上述4个最近研究方向在我国研究的理论和实践意义,并提出了一些具体的研究建议。最后,作者对这4个研究方向的相互关系和整合提出了自己的观点     

Exploring organizational citizenship behaviour from an organizational perspective: The relationship between organizational learning and organizational citizenship behaviour

The present study explored the issue of organizational citizenship behaviour (OCB) as a context‐related phenomenon, from a multidimensional perspective. More specifically, it was hypothesized that organizational learning (structures and learning values) would be positively related to (a) OCB that benefited the organization as a whole (OCBO) and (b) OCB that immediately benefited particular individuals (OCBI). The hypotheses identified the school as the unit of analysis; so all variables were aggregates of individual responses to the organizational level of analysis. Justification for aggregation was provided by a within‐group similarity index (r_wg) and a within‐ and between‐entities analysis (WABA). Results from a sample of 31 schools confirmed the main hypotheses, and generally supported the notion that OCB could be treated as a context‐related phenomenon. These results should encourage researchers and practitioners to focus more attention on the organizational context and its characteristics as related to OCB.     

The Impact of Perceived Corporate Citizenship on Organizational Cynicism,OCB, and Employee Deviance

This study examines the effects of corporate citizenship at the individual employee level. Four distinct contributions beyond the existing literature are offered. First, the relationship between perceived corporate citizenship (PCC) and employee organizational citizenship behavior (OCB) is further clarified. Second, the negative job behavior of employee deviance is considered as an outcome. Third, the attitude of organizational cynicism is positioned as a mediator of the relationships between PCC and the job related behaviors of OCB and employee deviance. Fourth, we disaggregate the PCC measure and explore its relationships with organizational cynicism, OCB and employee deviance. Findings illustrate that the four separate dimensions of PCC have differential relationships with the outcome variables.     

The Relative Importance of Correlates of Organizational Citizenship Behavior and Counterproductive Work Behavior Using Multiple Sources of Data

Many correlates of organizational citizenship behavior (OCB) and counterproductive work behavior (CWB) have been established, but their relative importance has rarely been investigated. A dominance analyses based on data from 375 participants and 214 of their supervisors indicated that individual differences accounted for more of the variance associated with OCB and with CWB than did organizational attitudes. Confirmatory factor analysis and dominance analyses provided discriminant validity for a four-factor model based on the target of these behaviors that included interpersonal OCB, organizational OCB, interpersonal CWB, and organizational CWB. A comparison of supervisor- and self-report data indicated that relationships were stronger when using self-report data, but the overall pattern of results was similar.     

Cross‐level interactions of individual trait positive affect,group trait positive affect,and group positive affect diversity

The purpose of the current study is to examine the cross‐level three‐way interactions among individual trait positive affect (PA), group trait PA, and group PA diversity on individual work outcomes. Drawing on situation strength theory, we hypothesized that the relationship of individual trait PA with work outcomes depends on the strength of a group's affective contexts including group trait PA and PA diversity. The hierarchical linear modelling results for 261 employees in 42 South Korean organizational teams showed that individuals' trait PA was positively associated with their team commitment, job satisfaction, and organizational citizenship behaviour (OCB). The findings also demonstrated that individual trait PA had the strongest relationship with team commitment when group trait PA was low and PA diversity was high simultaneously. In addition, the relationship between individual trait PA and OCB was found to be stronger for affectively diverse groups than for homogeneous groups.     

A multilevel study on the relationships between work characteristics, self-efficacy, collective efficacy, and organizational citizenship behavior: the case of Taiwanese police duty-executing organizations

Public security, traffic management, and service for the people are the 3 major functions of policing in Taiwan. This definition encompasses not only the traditional job characteristics, but also the level of contextual characteristics and social characteristics because of police work's characteristics and its frequent interaction with the public. Thus, the present study conducted a multilevel model analysis by taking self-efficacy and collective efficacy as the mediating variables. The purpose was to investigate the influences of motivational work characteristics (knowledge-oriented) and social work characteristics (socially and contextually oriented) of work-design model on the police officers' organizational citizenship behavior (OCB), by using first-line police officers in Taiwan as the research objects. The study showed not only that knowledge characteristics will influence the self-efficacy of a police officer and that self-efficacy can in turn influence individual police officers' OCB, but also the contextual effect of social characteristics, contextual characteristics, and collective efficacy on self-efficacy and individuals' OCB. Additionally, there was a crosslevel moderating effect from contextual characteristics on the relationship between knowledge characteristics and self-efficacy and the relationship between self-efficacy and the individuals' OCB. The authors conclude the article with research implications.     

"All in a day's work": how follower individual differences and justice perceptions predict OCB role definitions and behavior

The authors draw on theories of social exchange and prosocial behavior to explain how employee perceptions of procedural justice and individual differences in reciprocation wariness, empathic concern, and perspective taking function jointly as determinants of organizational citizenship behavior (OCB) role definitions and behavior. As hypothesized, empirical findings from a field study show both direct and interactive effects of procedural justice perceptions and individual differences on OCB role definition. In turn, OCB role definitions not only predict OCB directly but also moderate the effects of procedural justice perceptions on OCB. The authors explore the implications of these findings for practice as well as research.