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1.
Angella Son 《Pastoral Psychology》2011,60(4):601-607
In response to Kelly H. Chong’s book, Deliverance and Submission: Evangelical Women and the Negotiation of Patriarchy in South Korea, the purpose of this article is to suggest that the paradigm of self-formation offers more adequate explanations for evangelical
women’s fervent participation in heavily patriarchal churches by understanding assertion and accommodation as the paradoxical
dance in achieving self-formation of women in Korean evangelical churches. 相似文献
2.
This investigation illustrates men’s and women’s change in femininity, and individual differences in change in femininity
from early (age 33 or 35) to late (age 78 or 85) adulthood. Members of three long-term longitudinal samples (total N = 327) provided California Psychological Inventory (CPI) Femininity scale scores, collected a maximum of five times. Application
of longitudinal hierarchical linear modeling indicates: (1) both men and women show significant variability in initial level
and change in femininity, (2) gender predicts both individuals’ initial level and change in femininity—the average man, initially
low in femininity, becomes significantly higher in femininity across the lifespan; the average woman, initially high in femininity,
becomes significantly lower in femininity across the lifespan, (3) change in femininity is unconnected to marital or parental
status, and (4) change in femininity is connected to psychological health level for women only—more psychologically healthy
women show a decline in femininity, while less healthy women increase their femininity level. Overall, results support Jung’s
androgyny hypothesis of a cross-over of gender roles in men and women, but do not support Gutmann’s hypothesis that such cross-over
is tied to “parental emergency.” Additional exploration of the data indicates Gough and Bradley’s (1996) CPI-derived personality types also predict femininity initial level for women and femininity change for men. 相似文献
3.
Using the National Survey of Families and Households (N = 13,017; 11.09% Black, 79.99% White), we compare the household labor time of Black and White women and men, and assess the
extent to which the time constraint, relative resource, and ideology explanations account for racial and gender differences
in housework time. We find that although time constraint, relative resource, and ideology explanations account for some of
the variation in housework time, they do not account for all of the gender and racial differences. We also find that paid
work and housework trade off differently for Black men than for White men and also for women and men. Finally, a variety of
relative resource, time constraint, and ideology factors are associated differently with women’s and men’s housework time.
We argue that our findings lend support to the production of gender approach to understanding the division of household labor
and that this approach can be used to help us understand racial differences in housework time as well.
We would like to thank the anonymous reviewers for their helpful comments. 相似文献
4.
The influence of children’s age, and parents’ and children’s gender on parents’ attributions and emotional and behavioral
responses to their children’s successful and unsuccessful social and academic outcomes, was investigated. Seventy-six dual-parent
families (mothers and fathers) of fifth (n=28), eighth (n=23), and eleventh grade (n=25) children participated. The results of this study suggest that from fifth grade on, at least, the ways parents explain
the causes of and respond to their children’s social behavior and academic outcomes involves a complex interaction of children’s
age, children’s gender, parents’ gender, domain, and outcome. Results are discussed in terms of children’s socialization.
This paper is based in part on a master’s thesis at Clark University by the first author. An earlier version of this paper
was presented at the annual meeting of the Eastern Psychological Association, Providence, RI, April 1994. The authors would
like to thank the parents, teachers, and school administrators of Holden and Auburn, Massachusetts, who participated in this
project. We would also like to thank Kristen Rotis and Leslie Edwards for their tireless help in revising and preparing the
questionnaires, and for entering data for this project. 相似文献
5.
The present study was designed to analyze gender stereotypes in print advertisements for mobile communication systems in German popular magazines intended for men, women, and general readership. Depictions of both women and men are addressed. A total of 288 depictions were examined using Goffman’s (Gender advertisements, Harvard University Press, Cambridge, Massachusetts, 1979) framework for content analysis. Other variables studied were the setting in which men and women are depicted and the different types of magazines in which the advertisements appeared. It is shown that certain means of emphasizing stereotypes (such as Feminine Touch) are still widely used, at least in mobile phone advertising, whereas others have decreased in frequency since Goffman’s time (for example, Function Ranking). 相似文献
6.
Mari Mikkola 《Res Publica》2007,13(4):361-380
Some feminist gender sceptics hold that the conditions for satisfying the concept woman cannot be discerned. This has been taken to suggest that (i) the efforts to fix feminism’s scope are undermined because of
confusion about the extension of the term ‘woman’, and (ii) this confusion suggests that feminism cannot be organised around
women because it is unclear who satisfies woman. Further, this supposedly threatens the effectiveness of feminist politics: feminist goals are said to become unachievable,
if feminist politics lacks a clear subject matter. In this paper, I argue that such serious consequences do not follow from
the gender sceptic position.
I presented an earlier version of this paper at the ‘Stirling Political Philosophy Group’ meeting and am grateful to those
present for their constructive criticisms. I am also grateful to Alan Millar, the anonymous referees for this journal and
Jenny Saul (who has read more than one version of this paper!) for their detailed and extremely helpful comments and suggestions. 相似文献
7.
Ben Kotzee 《Argumentation》2010,24(3):265-281
In this paper, a challenge is outlined for Walton’s recent analysis of the fallacy of poisoning the well. An example of the
fallacy in action during a debate on affirmative action on a South African campus is taken to raise the question of how Walton’s
analysis squares with the idea that disadvantaged parties in debates about race may be “epistemically privileged”. It is asked
when the background of a participant is relevant to a debate and it is proposed that a proper analysis of the poisoning the
well will outline conditions under which making one participant’s background an issue in a debate would be legitimate and
illegitimate. Expanding Walton’s analysis to deal with the challenge, it is concluded that calling into question a participant’s
suitability to take part in a debate is never legitimate when it is based simply on a broad fact about their background (like
their race or gender). 相似文献
8.
This study examined to what extent Korean pastors and their wives in America were satisfied with their marital lives. It also
investigated how selected factors predicted marital satisfaction among Korean pastors and their wives: communication, expression
of affection, empathy, sexual satisfaction, and doing things together. Eighty-five pastors and 79 pastors’ wives (n = 164) participated in this study, and they were separately measured. The Kansas Marital Satisfaction Scale (KMSS) and Lee’s
Marital Inventory (LMI) were utilized. The results found that the participants showed a high level of marital satisfaction.
For Korean pastors, expression of affection and doing things together were significant predictors for marital satisfaction
while only expression of affection was the significant predictor for the marital satisfaction of pastors’ wives. 相似文献
9.
NANUM JEON 《Journal for the scientific study of religion》2023,62(2):336-358
South Korea provides an ideal setting for studying religion and gender because Western and local religions are both prominent, and Confucianist beliefs still shape gender norms. Using the 2018 Korean General Social Survey, this study examines the extent to which two dimensions of gender traditionalism in South Korea–Confucian patriarchal ideology (i.e., belief in the subordination of women for Confucian patriarchy) and separate spheres ideology (i.e., belief that men are better suited to work and women to domestic responsibilities)—vary across Buddhists, Catholics, Protestants, and the nonaffiliated. The findings show that Christians have the lowest endorsement for Confucian patriarchal ideology while supporting separate spheres ideology as much as Buddhists, who are most gender traditional in both dimensions. The results illustrate the dynamics between religion and gender norms in South Korea's context, demonstrating how Christianity combines Western modernization with gender-essentialist traditionalism, while Buddhism maintains Confucian patriarchal values. 相似文献
10.
Karen L. Kim 《Pastoral Psychology》2017,66(1):13-25
The purpose of this article is to explore the way gender has been constructed in relation to the recent number of international marriage immigrants in South Korea. In particular, it looks at how the construction of gender at work in this context has been used to create a place and status for these women in Korean society which largely understands itself to be homogeneous. The author argues that nationalistic and patriarchal discourses have served to construct the foreign women’s gender through the roles of wife, mother, and daughter-in-law in particular ways that serve the interests of Korea as a nation. 相似文献
11.
Hyemin Lee Kevin K. Tomita Janice M. Habarth Don Operario Horim Yi Sungsub Choo 《International Journal of Transgenderism》2020,21(2):182-193
AbstractIntroduction: Transgender people are stigmatized in South Korea (hereafter Korea), where cultural expectations of a biologically-based, binary sex and gender system present fundamental challenges to those whose gender identity does not align with their birth-assigned sex. A growing international body of literature implicates gender minority stress as a key contributor to transgender mental health disparities, but little research has been conducted on this topic in Korea. As in other cultural settings, depression and suicidality are urgent public health concerns for transgender people in Korea, primarily for those who have not initiated gender affirming medical treatment (GAMT), such as cross-sex hormone therapy. In the current study, an international and interdisciplinary team of authors apply the lens of gender minority stress to elucidate the relationships between a key facet of gender minority stress, internalized transphobia (ITP), and outcomes of depressive symptoms and suicidality.Methods: Based on a cross-sectional survey of 207 Korean transgender adults, the current study evaluates the relationships between ITP and depressive symptoms, suicidal ideation, and suicide attempts. ITP was measured with an eight-item, Korean-language questionnaire adapted from the Gender Minority Stress and Resilience Measure through a translation and back-translation process.Results: Korean trans women and trans men mean (mean age?=?26.4) were included in the analysis, most of whom had at least one experience of any GAMT. The findings of this study show that Korean transgender adults face similar public health concerns such as high prevalence of depressive symptoms, suicidal ideation, and suicide attempts. As predicted, ITP was significantly related to depressive symptoms, suicidal ideation, and suicide attempts.Conclusion: The authors suggest potential clinical, policy, and research applications, including institutional interventions, to address structural and cultural barriers to optimal mental health and GAMT as well as mental health interventions to reduce Korean transgender people’s internalized negative beliefs about their gender identity. 相似文献
12.
Sharon A. Suh 《Pastoral Psychology》2011,60(4):583-592
Carolyn Chen’ Getting Saved in America: Taiwanese Immigration and Religious Experience examines the impact of immigration on the religious practices of Taiwanese American Christians and Buddhists. In particular,
the author studies how recent immigrants from Taiwan either convert to evangelical forms of Christianity or identify as explicit
Buddhists as a way to remake the self in a particularly American context. By offering a dual tradition focus, the author provides
significant insight into the relationship between gender, religious, and ethnic identities for Taiwanese Americans. Reviewing
the centrality of religion in the lives of Taiwanese American Christians and Buddhists and its similar function in the lives
of Korean American Buddhists, this review essay addresses how Asian American forms of religion and spirituality are reinterpreted
to address the complex renegotiation of identities that take place for recent immigrants. This review essay also examines
the process of religious conversion by questioning whether the move from one religious tradition to another can be understood
as an additive process rather than a complete transition and addressing the impact of conversion on later generations. 相似文献
13.
The present study was designed to examine whether parents’ views of their child’s academic competencies are structured by
gendered conceptions of abilities. In a longitudinal research design, a group of parents (N = 391) were asked to assess their third-grade child’s competence in mathematics and Finnish and to respond to a set of attitude
statements; when the child reached the fifth grade, the parents were asked to reassess his/her competencies. It was found
that the influence of the gender stereotype was partly domain-specific: The stereotype concerning Finnish organized the parental
competence assessments as early as the child’s third grade and also predicted the assessments made about the child over the
next two grades, whereas the stereotype concerning mathematics only predicted the assessments made as late as the fifth grade.
In the Finnish competence assessments, the gender stereotype moderated the overall gender-of-the-child effect, whereas in
the mathematics competence assessments, the gender-of-the-child effect was evinced only by the parent group that endorsed
the gender stereotype. Culture-bound gender expectations and attitudes toward the expectations are significant, then, for
parents’ assessments of their child’s competencies as early as the elementary school years. 相似文献
14.
Mi-Kyung Kim 《Theoretical medicine and bioethics》2009,30(5):367-384
We examine whether the current regulatory regime instituted in South Korea and the United States would have prevented Hwang’s
potential transgressions in oocyte procurement for somatic cell nuclear transfer, we compare the general aspects and oversight
framework of the Bioethics and Biosafety Act in South Korea and the US National Academies’ Guidelines for Human Embryonic
Stem Cell Research, and apply the relevant provisions and recommendations to each transgression. We conclude that the Act
would institute centralized oversight under governmental auspices while the Guidelines recommend politically-independent,
decentralized oversight bodies including a special review body for human embryonic stem cell research at an institutional
level and that the Guidelines would have provided more vigorous protection for the women who had undergone oocyte procurement
for Hwang’s research than the Act. We also suggest additional regulations to protect those who provide oocytes for research
in South Korea. 相似文献
15.
Three studies examined the impact of stereotype messages on men’s and women’s performance of a mental rotation task involving
imagined self-rotations. Experiment 1 established baseline differences between men and women; women made 12% more errors than
did men. Experiment 2 found that exposure to a positive stereotype message enhanced women’s performance in comparison with
that of another group of women who received neutral information. In Experiment 3, men who were exposed to the same stereotype
message emphasizing a female advantage made more errors than did male controls, and the magnitude of error was similar to
that for women from Experiment 1. The results suggest that the gender gap in mental rotation performance is partially caused
by experiential factors, particularly those induced by sociocultural stereotypes. 相似文献
16.
17.
Jung Su Pak 《Pastoral Psychology》2011,60(2):291-303
This paper explores the conflict between mothers-in-law and daughters-in-law in traditional Korean families. In Korea, mothers-in-law
sometimes dominate and even denigrate their daughters-in-law. This situation may be caused by the accumulated frustrations
of oppressed Korean women that are then vented against their daughters-in-law, intensifying the suffering of women in Korea.
The daughter-in-law is now demeaned not just by the men in the family but also by an older woman in the family who has power
over her because of age and her status as the mother of the younger woman’s husband. The two women are both victims of a society
dominated by men. Women in this culture tend to view their suffering as their destiny, even though they are pained by the
unequal treatment. It is possible for a faith community to accept and heal these damaged souls, but some faith communities
hurt the women even more in the name of God or sacred authority. This paper provides an analysis of the reality of women’s
predicament in Korea and suggests ways in which theology can be a creative and productive resource for these oppressed persons. 相似文献
18.
We studied associations among parents’ gender role attitudes, gender stereotyping in children’s environments, and children’s
gender role attitudes and whether these associations were similar for families with lesbian and heterosexual parents. Fifty-seven
4- to 6-year-olds and 114 parents from the US participated. Parents completed self-report questionnaires and responded to
interview questions. Researchers collected data regarding the child’s environment and attitudes about gender. Results revealed
that children with lesbian mothers had less stereotyped environments and less traditional attitudes. Parental attitudes were
associated with stereotyping in children’s environments and with children’s attitudes about gender. Both for lesbian and heterosexual
parents, the impact of parents’ attitudes on children’s attitudes was partially mediated by the nature of children’s environments. 相似文献
19.
Research indicates people’s decisions can sometimes be influenced by seemingly trivial differences in the framing (i.e., wording) of alternative options. The tendency to prefer risk averse options when framed positively and risky options
when framed negatively is known as the framing effect. The current study examined the susceptibility of school principals
to the framing effect. Additionally, analytical and intuitive decision styles, the degree to which one’s typical goal is to
maximize (rather than satisfice), gender, and years of experience as a principal were measured to assess whether they are
predictive of principals’ choices, and to test whether they moderate the effects of framing on choice. Seventy-one principals
completed six decision problems (framed either positively or negatively) and instruments assessing decision style, typical
decision goal, gender, and experience. Analyses demonstrated that principals are influenced by framing. Although the positively
and negatively framed versions of the decision problems were objectively identical, negative framing resulted in more risky
choices. Additionally, regardless of frame, men made more risky choices than women. There was no evidence that experience,
decision style, or the degree to which one’s typical decision goal was to maximize, decreased framing effects. Several potential
debiasing strategies are described, and limitations are noted. 相似文献
20.
This research presents an initial documentation of Israeli women’s sense of insecurity during the Second Intifada (2001–2005).
Drawing on feminist security theory and the intersectional approach to gender, we hypothesized that women’s familiar tendency
to develop high levels of stress following political violence would be related to previous sexual and domestic victimization,
to economic distress and ethnic discrimination among minority women, and to the cultural role of care workers among women
of all socio-economic backgrounds. A sample of 552 women self-completed a cluster of questionnaires addressing a broad array
of topics, and results confirmed most of the research hypotheses. The discussion highlights the multiple articulations of
gender, militarism, and security and their possible implications for policies of conflict resolution. 相似文献