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1.
Vujanovic AA Bonn-Miller MO Potter CM Marshall EC Zvolensky MJ 《Journal of psychopathology and behavioral assessment》2011,33(1):129-135
The present investigation examined the incremental associations between distress tolerance, or the perceived capacity to tolerate
emotional distress, and global posttraumatic stress symptom severity as well as symptom cluster severity, beyond the variance
accounted for by number of trauma exposure types and negative affectivity. The sample consisted of 140 adults (72 women; M
age = 25.9, SD = 11.1) who endorsed exposure to traumatic life events, as defined by posttraumatic stress disorder diagnostic criterion
A (American Psychiatric Association 2000). Participants did not meet diagnostic criteria for current axis I psychopathology. Distress tolerance demonstrated significant
incremental associations with global posttraumatic stress symptom severity (p < .01) as well as re-experiencing (p < .05), avoidance (p = .05), and hyperarousal (p < .001) symptom cluster severity. Given the cross-sectional study design, causation cannot be inferred. Theoretical implications
and future directions for better understanding associations between distress tolerance and posttraumatic stress are discussed. 相似文献
2.
Mandy Robbins Leslie J. Francis Bethan Edwards 《Current psychology (New Brunswick, N.J.)》2010,29(2):89-94
The Oxford Happiness Questionnaire (OHQ) was developed by Hills and Argyle (2002) to provide a more accessible equivalent measure of the Oxford Happiness Inventory (OHI). The aim of the present study was
to examine the internal consistency reliability, and construct validity of this new instrument alongside the Eysenckian dimensional
model of personality. The Oxford Happiness Questionnaire was completed by a sample of 131 undergraduate students together
with the abbreviated form of the Revised Eysenck Personality Questionnaire. The data demonstrated good internal consistency
reliability (alpha = .92) and good construct validity in terms of positive association with extraversion (r = .38 p < .001) and negative association with neuroticism (r = −.57 p < .001). The kind of happiness measured by the OHQ is clearly associated with stable extraversion. 相似文献
3.
Robert F. Valois Keith J. Zullig E. Scott Huebner J. Wanzer Drane 《Applied research in quality of life》2009,4(4):315-331
This study explored associations between youth developmental assets (i.e., support by parents/other adults; accountability
to adults; empowerment; school support; values regarding risk behaviors; quantity of other adult support; empathetic relationships)
and adolescents’ perceptions of overall life satisfaction. Public high school students (N = 3,477) completed a self-report questionnaire. Analyses were conducted to examine relationships between developmental assets
and perceived life satisfaction while controlling for socioeconomic status. Results indicated that significant (p ≤ .05) associations were established for perceived support by parents/other adults for all four race/gender groups, self and peer values regarding risk behavior for black females, quality of other adult support for black males and white females and life satisfaction for adolescents. Significant (p ≤ .05) associations were also established for perceived support by parents/other adults for White males and Black males, accountability to parents/other adults for White females, quality of other adult support for White males and Black females and for empathetic relationships for all four race/gender groups. Results suggest that perceived life satisfaction is related to youth developmental assets,
although moderated by gender and race differences. Further research is necessary to identify the particular characteristics
of youth and specific aspects of adolescent life satisfaction associated with youth developmental assets in order to develop
gender appropriate and culturally sensitive health promotion programs. 相似文献
4.
Zoi Tsakogia George N. Lyrakos Dimitrios Damigos Venetsanos Mayreas Ioannis D. K. Dimoliatis 《Applied research in quality of life》2011,6(1):53-70
The purpose of this investigation was to study the influence of optimism in the quality of life of patients with musculoskeletal
problems that were referred to Amfilohia Rehabilitation Center, because of chronic pain and kinetic difficulties. The sample
consisted of 96 patients. The questionnaires that were used are the short form health questionnaire (12 questions; SF12),
the life orientation test-revised (LOT-R) and a VAS scale for pain measurement. According to the regression analysis performed,
dispositional optimism is an independent factor affecting both the physical (β = .249, p < .005) and mental composite score (β = .414, p < .0001) in patients with musculoskeletal problems, even after controlling for the effect of pain intensity. 相似文献
5.
Francesca Shipp G. Leonard Burns Chris Desmul 《Journal of psychopathology and behavioral assessment》2010,32(4):557-564
Confirmatory factor analysis was used to test the construct validity of an attention-deficit/hyperactivity disorder-inattention,
attention-deficit/hyperactivity disorder-hyperactivity/impulsivity, oppositional defiant disorder toward adults, academic
and social competence factor model with teacher ratings of Thai adolescents (n = 872) with the Child and Adolescent Disruptive Behavior Inventory. The five-factor model resulted in an adequate fit in
an absolute sense (i.e., CFI = .960; TLI = .985; RMSEA = .065; and WRMR = .883). All the items had significant and substantial
loadings on their respective factors (i.e., > .78) with the five-factors showing discriminant validity. The five-factor model
also resulted in similar results for boys and girls separately as well as younger and older adolescents. The current findings
with the teacher version of the measure in conjunction with earlier research with mothers’ and fathers’ ratings of Brazilian,
Thai, and American children (Burns et al., Psychological Assessment, 20, 121-130, 2008) and Thai adolescents (Burns et al., Psychological Assessment, 21, 635-641, 2009) provide increasing support for the construct validity of Child and Adolescent Disruptive Behavior Inventory within multiple
cultures. Procedures are also outlined to improve the content validity as well as test the construct validity of forthcoming
parent and teacher DSM-V ADHD/ODD rating scales. 相似文献
6.
Breast and global body dissatisfaction were examined in Asian (n = 237), European (n = 196), Hispanic (n = 109), and African (n = 58) American college women. Asian American women reported the lowest body satisfaction on the Appearance Evaluation Scale
(Cash, T. F. The multidimensional body-self relations questionnaire users’ manual: 3rd revision, 2000) and greatest breast dissatisfaction on one of two breast dissatisfaction measures. Ethnic differences in breast dissatisfaction,
but not in body dissatisfaction, disappeared when body size (BMI) was statistically controlled. Results were consistent with
research showing that (1) ethnic differences in body dissatisfaction are small, (2) studies of ethnic differences must include
appropriate controls for total or specific body size, and (3) Asian college women report lower global body satisfaction than
women of African, European, or Hispanic heritage.
For additional papers and information, please contact David Frederick at enderflies1@aol.com, visit his website at or contact Gordon B. Forbes at gforbes@millikin.edu. 相似文献
7.
Mirka Hintsanen Markus Jokela Laura Pulkki-Råback Jorma S. A. Viikari Liisa Keltikangas-Järvinen 《Current psychology (New Brunswick, N.J.)》2010,29(3):257-271
The current cross-sectional study examined whether body-mass index (BMI) and waist-hip ratio are associated with adult attachment.
Participants were 1,570 men and women participating in Cardiovascular Risk in Young Finns study. BMI was measured in youth
and in adulthood and waist-hip ratio in adulthood. A single measure of attachment style was conducted when participants were
aged 24–39 years. In age and sex adjusted models, youth BMI (Beta = .066, p = .008), adulthood BMI (Beta = .069, p = .007) and waist-hip ratio (Beta = .082, p = .016) were associated with fearful attachment. The associations remained significant when education and relationship status
were adjusted for. Age adjusted association between adulthood waist-hip ratio and preoccupied attachment was found in men
(Beta = .132, p = .002). The association was not essentially changed by additionally adjusting for education and relationship status, and
including fearful attachment in the model. Furthermore, associations for attachment dimensions were also found. These results
suggest that in addition to previously reported negative effects of higher BMI on physical health, higher BMI might have negative
associations with psychological functioning as well. Furthermore, our results imply that physical appearance might be associated
with attachment style in adulthood. 相似文献
8.
This study examined the relationships among perceived life satisfaction, perceptions of body weight, and dieting behaviors
among 522 college students. Adjusted multiple logistic regression analyses and multivariate models constructed separately
were utilized for this study. Perceptions of underweight and extreme worry over weight were significantly associated with
dissatisfaction with life for both males and females (p < 0.01). However, vomiting; perceptions of overweight; binge eating behavior; extreme worry over binge eating behavior; and
engaging in binge eating behavior for more than one year were significantly related to dissatisfaction with life for only
females (p < 0.01). In addition, both males and females were less likely to self-identify problematic disordered eating, with males
being particularly less likely to report concern over extreme dieting behaviors. Results suggest that carefully designed educational
and intervention efforts for college students with eating disorders must take gender differences into account. Programs for
males may need to differ from those for females in terms of recruitment, intervention integrity, and evaluation considerations.
相似文献
E. Scott HuebnerEmail: |
9.
Willoughby MT Waschbusch DA Moore GA Propper CB 《Journal of psychopathology and behavioral assessment》2011,33(1):19-30
This study evaluated a five-item screening measure of Callous Unemotional (CU) traits using items drawn from the Preschool
Form of the Achenbach System of Empirically Based Assessment (ASEBA). Using data from the Durham Child Health and Development
study (N = 178), confirmatory factor analyses demonstrated that CU items could be distinguished from Attention Deficit/Hyperactivity
Disorder (ADHD) and Oppositional Defiant (ODD) items. The two-year stability (N = 137) of CU (ϕ = .84) was comparable to that of ADHD (ϕ = .79) and ODD (ϕ = .69). Three groups of children were selected based on parent-rated ODD and CU behaviors at the 36-month assessment (N = 37; ODD+CU, N = 7; ODD-only, N = 12; non-ODD, N = 18). Multiple measures of infant temperament predicted group membership with 84% accuracy. Consistent with Frick and Morris’
(Journal of Clinical Child and Adolescent Psychology 33(1):54–68, 2004) hypotheses, ODD+CU and ODD-only children exhibited temperamental profiles in infancy that were consistent with low fear
and emotionally dysregulated pathways into conduct problems, respectively. 相似文献
10.
Michael J. Mason Christopher Schmidt Anisha Abraham Leslie Walker Kenneth Tercyak 《Journal of clinical psychology in medical settings》2009,16(4):346-354
The present study examined components of adolescents’ social environment (social network, extracurricular activities, and
family relationships) in association with depression. A total of 332 adolescents presenting for a routine medical check-up
were self-assessed for social network risk (i.e., smoking habits of best male and female friends), extracurricular activity
level (i.e., participation in organized sports teams, clubs, etc.), family relationship quality (i.e., cohesion and conflict),
and symptoms of depression (i.e., minimal, mild, moderate/severe). Results of a forward linear regression modeling indicate
that social environment components were associated with a significant proportion of the variance in adolescent depression
(Adjusted R
2 = .177, p ≤ .05). Specifically, adolescent females (β = .166, p < .01) and those having more smokers in their social network (β = .107, p < .05) presented with significantly greater depression symptoms. Conversely, adolescents who engaged in more extracurricular
activities (β = −.118, p < .05) and experienced higher quality family relationships (β = −.368, p < .001) presented with significantly lower depressive symptoms. These findings highlight the important role that the social
environment plays in adolescent depression, as well as yields new insights into socially-based intervention targets that may
ameliorate adolescent depression. These intervention targets may be gender-specific, include positive social network skills
training, increase adolescents’ engagement in organized activities, and attend to the quality of their family relationships. 相似文献
11.
Rodney G. Bowden Beth A. Lanning Eva I. Doyle Becky Slonaker Holly M. Johnston Georgene Scanes 《Applied research in quality of life》2008,3(2):149-160
This study (N = 98) randomly placed participants in either a higher protein or American Heart Association diet group with each group initiating
an aerobic exercise program. Body composition (BC) was measured using four different methodologies (DEXA, BIA, skinfold, BMI)
along with height and weight, while Health-Related Quality of Life (HRQOL) changes were measured using the Medical Outcomes
Short Form 36 (SF-36). There were no significant time/diet interactions in HRQOL scores, body fat measures, and weight with
the exception of Role-Physical scores (p = .006) with posttest scores higher in participants in Diet 1. Role-Physical scores changed significantly in participants
in Diet 1 (p = .0001) and Diet 2 (p = .026) with higher posttest scores in each group. Social functioning had a significant main effect for time in both groups
with pretest scores in both diet groups lower than their respective posttest scores (p = .015). HRQOL pretest scores were not significantly different between groups at baseline (p = .56). ANOVA revealed no significant differences in average calories between groups (p = .88). Analysis revealed no differences in exercise in minutes (p = .66) nor statistically significant changes in BC or weight (p = .65). Conclusions: Improvements in HRQOL were demonstrated in two subscales related to physiological and psychological functioning. These novel
findings add to literature suggesting that HRQOL, at least concerning social functioning, work and other daily activities
(Role-Physical) may improve by initiating an exercise and dietary program even when weight loss or BC improvements have been
unsuccessful. 相似文献
12.
Adrian Furnham 《Current psychology (New Brunswick, N.J.)》2009,28(4):225-239
In all, 187 participants completed a new, self-report measure of eight multiple intelligences (Haselbauer 2005), a General Knowledge test (Irwing et al. Personality and Individual Differences 30:857–871, 2001), a measure of Approaches to Learning Styles (Biggs 1987), a measure of the Big Five personality traits (Costa and McCrae 1992), as well as gave their own estimated scores on the Gardner (1999) multiple intelligences. Alpha co-efficients were modest with only three of the eight test-derived, multiple intelligence
scores being over .70. ‘Linguistic’ and Mathematical intelligence alone were correlated with General Knowledge. Five of the
eight ‘intelligences’ were correlated both with Extraversion and Openness. Regressions indicated that ‘Intrapersonal intelligence’
was closely linked with Stability and Conscientiousness; ‘Interpersonal intelligence’ with Extraversion; ‘Linguistic intelligence’
with Openness; ‘Mathematical intelligence’ with Agreeableness and Conscientiousness. Correlations between self-estimated and
test-derived emotional intelligence showed correlations ranging from r = .18 to r = .56 for similar type ‘intelligences’. This study provides modest evidence for the concurrent and construct validity of
this measure. It requires more psychometric evidence of validity before it is used. 相似文献
13.
14.
Alcohol use and its associated problems among university students have attracted empirical investigation by researchers and
scholars. While many of these studies have reported a very high level of alcohol consumption and highlighted the various problems
this portends, alcohol-related perceptions of this vulnerable population, which could be germane to intervention aimed at
curtailing the problem, have remained largely under-researched. This cross-sectional survey examined the use and perceptions
of alcohol by student-patrons (n = 1,705) of beer parlours or ‘joints’ in three university communities in Southwest Nigeria. Respondents were interviewed
using AUDIT, a socio-demographic prototype and an open-ended section on alcohol-related perceptions of the students. Findings
indicated that overall, 72% of the respondents perceived that alcohol is good for socializing, 68% perceived that alcohol
is good in the aspect of stress reduction, 58% believed that alcohol consumption is indicative of maturity, 36% perceived
that alcohol enhances their sexual performance while 39% perceived that alcohol serves to enhance alertness/concentration.
Results also showed that gender (β = −. 23; p < .05), paternal alcohol use (β = .36; p < .01), parental socio-economic status (β = .33; p < .01), and residential status of university of respondents (β = .21; p < .05) significantly predicted alcohol use. The study concluded that perceptions about alcohol are very germane to understanding
students’ alcohol use and should be reckoned with in designing intervention programmes. The need to adopt a ‘client-centered’
approach to the problem of student drinking behaviour was emphasized. 相似文献
15.
Amit Bernstein Samuel Jurado Cárdenas Patricia Edith Campos Coy Michael J. Zvolensky 《Journal of psychopathology and behavioral assessment》2011,33(4):491-500
The aim of the present study was to evaluate a factor mixture-based taxonic-dimensional model of anxiety sensitivity (AS)
(Bernstein et al. Behavior Therapy 41:515-521, 2010), as measured by the ASI-3 (Taylor et al. Psychological Assessment 19:176-188, 2007), in regard to panic attacks, anxiety symptoms, and behavioral impairment among a university sample (N = 150, n
females
= 107, M
age = 21.3 years, SD = 4.3) and a clinical sample (N = 150, n
females
= 102, M
age = 39.0 years, SD = 12.0) from Mexico City, Mexico. Findings demonstrated cross-national support for the conceptual and operational utility
of the AS taxonic-dimensional hypothesis (Bernstein et al. Journal of Anxiety Disorders 20:1-22, 2007b). Specifically, (1) the FMM-based AS taxon class base rate was significantly greater among the clinical relative to the university
sample; (2) risk for panic attacks was significantly greater among the AS taxon class relative to the AS normative class;
and (3) continuous individual differences in AS physical and psychological concerns, within the AS taxon class, were associated
with level of risk for panic attacks, as well as panic attack severity and anxiety symptom levels. Similar AS taxonic-dimensional
effects were observed in relation to degree of behavioral impairment across domains of functioning. The study results are
discussed with respect to their implications for better understanding the nature of AS-related cognitive vulnerability for
panic and related anxiety psychopathology. 相似文献
16.
Since Long QT syndrome and Hypertrophic cardiomyopathy are inherited cardiac disorders that may cause syncope, palpitations,
serious arrhythmias, and sudden cardiac death, at-risk individuals may experience heart-focused anxiety. In a prospective
multi-site study, 126 Norwegian patients attending genetic counseling were followed 1 year with multiple administration of
questionnaires, including the Cardiac Anxiety Questionnaire, measuring three distinct symptoms of heart-focused anxiety- avoidance, attention, and fear—in mixed linear analyses. Overall, at 1-year follow-up, patients with clinical diagnosis as compared to patients at genetic
risk had significantly higher scores of avoidance (p < .002), attention (p < .005), and fear (p < .007). Sudden cardiac death in close relatives, uncertainty whether other relatives previously had undergone genetic testing,
patients’ perceived general health, self-efficacy expectations and procedural satisfaction with genetic counseling were influential
in predicting the different symptoms of heart-focused anxiety over time. 相似文献
17.
Margaret Malone Sharon Alger-Mayer John M. Polimeni 《Applied research in quality of life》2012,7(2):155-161
The majority of studies which have evaluated health related quality of life are limited in the duration of follow up. The
objective of this study was to prospectively conduct an evaluation using a repeated cross sectional analysis of separate patient
cohorts who were up to four years after gastric bypass surgery. Adult Roux-en-Y gastric bypass patients were recruited to
the study. All patients were requested to complete a general health status questionnaire, the Short Form-36 (SF-36), before
surgery or at their post operative out patient follow up visits. Patient weight was documented at each follow up visit. A
cross sectional analysis was performed to evaluate SF-36 scores in each annual cohort. Data are reported as mean +/− S.D.
Three-hundred-eight patients completed at least one SF-36 assessment [Initial assessment at the time of surgery, time 1, n = 245, 1y n = 149, 2y n = 70, 3y n = 59, 4y n = 61]. The SF-36 scores were greater (p < 0.05) in each of the separate post surgery cohorts for physical functioning, role limitations due to physical health, social
functioning, pain, vitality, general health and the physical component summary (PCS) scores. While not comparing changes in
scores within individuals over time, these data suggest early improvement especially in the physical dimension of health related
quality of life. In this analysis, this finding was also observed in each of the separate cohorts up to 4 years after gastric
bypass surgery. 相似文献
18.
This study explores the relationships between religiosity, Meaning in Life and Subjective Wellbeing (SWB) in a sample of 495
Muslim students (330 Females, and 165 males) from Algeria. Their Mean age is 21.26 (SD2.30). Relying on experts’ judgments
and pilot-testing, a Comprehensive Measure of Islamic Religiosity (CMIR) has been developed. It consists of 60 items covering
four broad areas with high inter-correlations: Religious Belief, Religious Practice, Religious Altruism, and Enrichment of
religious experience. A short version of the ‘Presence of Meaning in Life’ (PML) scale, Satisfaction With Life Scale (SWLS),
and Personal Wellbeing Index (PWI) are also administered in one set of questionnaires, together with religiosity items. The
results indicate that Religious Belief and Religious Altruism significantly contribute in providing subjects with meaning
in life. Nevertheless, Hierarchical Regression Analyses show that only Religious Belief makes a significant contribution in
both SWLS and PWI. But, this effect has almost totally been accounted for by Meaning in life in the second step. Comparisons
on the basis of the demographic characteristics show that males marginally differ from females (p < .05) in Religious Altruism, but these latter are higher in SWLS (p < .05). Moreover, it has been shown that students of science score marginally higher in Belief and Practice and also in PML,
and SWLS compared to their counterparts of Arts studies. Though no differences are found in the strength of religious belief
in subjects from rural and urban location, the former have generally higher scores on other religiosity subscales. This trend
is slightly reversed in PWI (p < .05). Furthermore, subjects from high income families are favoured in PML, SWLS, and PWI. These results are discussed on
the light of current international research. 相似文献
19.
Nikos L. D. Chatzisarantis Martin S. Hagger C. K. John Wang Cecilie Thøgersen-Ntoumani 《Current psychology (New Brunswick, N.J.)》2009,28(1):55-68
The present study employed constructs from self-determination theory, social-identity theory, and the theory of planned behaviour
to examine the combined effects that social identity and perceived autonomy support exerted on attitudes, intentions and health
behaviour. A prospective design was employed measuring constructs from the theory of planned behaviour, group norms, group
identification, and perceived autonomy support at baseline and physical activity behaviour 5 weeks later. Self-report questionnaires
were administered to 231 pupils (male = 113, female = 118, M = 14.21 years, SD = .90). Hierarchical regression analysis demonstrated that group norms predicted participation in physical activities and
attitudes, but only for participants who identified strongly with their group. Perceived autonomy support predicted attitudes,
intentions and behaviour. The effects of perceived autonomy support and social-identity constructs were independent. It was
concluded that both social identity and perceived autonomy support should be included in the theory of planned behaviour. 相似文献
20.
Karine Lévesque Teresa Kus Karine St-Jean Gilles Dupuis Bernard Thibault Peter G. Guerra France Bédard Bianca D’Antono 《Applied research in quality of life》2010,5(3):185-201
Quality of life (QoL) is reduced in patients with recurrent vasovagal (VVS) or unexplained syncope (US). Little is known concerning
the natural evolution of QoL following diagnosis. Psychological factors contributing to QoL improvement, such as psychological
distress and self-efficacy remain to be explored. The objective of this study is to examine whether QoL changes 2 months and
6 months following head-up tilt (HUT) testing as well as to determine whether psychological factors are predictive of changes
in QoL. Seventy-three patients undergoing HUT for recurrent syncope were interviewed 1 month before as well as 2 months and
6 months following HUT, using semi-structured interviews and questionnaires. Pre-HUT QoL was significantly worse than at the
2-month (p = 0.000) and 6-month follow-ups (p = 0.000). Psychological distress at baseline was associated with worse QoL 2 months post-HUT (Beta = .280; p = .024), independently of socio-demographic and clinical factors. Improved self-efficacy at follow-up predicted improvements
in QoL (Beta = −.186; p = .023). Two and 6 months post-HUT, QoL is mproved in patients with recurrent syncope. Better QoL is predicted by low psychological
distress and a heightened sense of self-efficacy following HUT. Strategies for enhancing self-efficacy and reducing psychological
distress could be an efficient way to promote QoL in patients suffering from recurrent syncope. 相似文献