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1.
Donald Capps 《Journal of religion and health》2008,47(4):560-576
In four earlier articles, I focused on the theme of the relationship of melancholia and the mother, and suggested that the
melancholic self may experience humor (Capps, 2007a), play (Capps, 2008a), dreams (Capps, 2007c), and art (Capps, 2008b) as restorative resources. I argued that Erik H. Erikson found these resources to be valuable remedies for his own melancholic
condition, which had its origins in the fact that he was illegitimate and was raised solely by his mother until he was three years
old, when she remarried. In this article, I focus on two themes in Freud’s Leonardo da Vinci and a memory of his childhood (1964): Leonardo’s relationship with his mother in early childhood and his inhibitions as an artist. I relate these two themes
to Erikson’s own early childhood and his failure to achieve his goal as an aspiring artist in his early twenties. The article
concludes with a discussion of Erikson’s frustrated aspirations to become an artist and his emphasis, in his psychoanalytic
work, on children’s play.
Donald Capps is Professor of Pastoral Psychology at Princeton Theological Seminary. His books include Men, Religion, and
Melancholia (1997), Freud and Freudians on Religion (2001), and Men and Their Religion: Honor, Hope, and Humor 相似文献
2.
Some authors assert that there is a feminine advantage in leadership, even though female leaders are often targets of prejudice. Our experiment tested how people’s expectations affect this prejudice in different work environments. Participants evaluated a male or a female candidate for a leadership position in an industry that was congruent or incongruent with the candidate’s gender role. Participants showed prejudice against the female candidate, especially when she worked in an industry incongruent with her gender role. Female and older participants showed more prejudice against the female leader than did male and younger participants. These results invoke role congruity theory (Eagly & Karau, Role congruity theory of prejudice toward female leaders. Psychological Review, 109, 573–598, 2002). 相似文献
3.
David Bittner 《Journal of religion and health》2010,49(4):603-619
In this article, David Bittner explodes the myth, restated in Brideshead
Revisited (1945), that Polynesians are “happy and harmless.” He does so for the same reason that Evelyn Waugh does: “the grim invasion of
trader, administrator, missionary, and tourist” has changed all that (p. 174). Touring Hawaii in July of ’09, Bittner was
interested to discover some unusual bits of American heritage, but saddened to see how “civilization” and “Americanization”
actually seem to have eroded the Hawaiian people’s rights to life, liberty, and the pursuit of happiness. Bittner’s dual religious
heritage—Judaism by birth and upbringing and Catholicism by choice in mid-life—has given him the perspective to apply the
lessons of Hawaiian history to his own personal issues, particularly forgiveness. 相似文献
4.
The Role of Postformal Cognitive Development in Death Acceptance 总被引:1,自引:1,他引:0
Jennifer Gavin Jennings M. Paz Galupo Kelly B. Cartwright 《Journal of Adult Development》2009,16(3):166-172
This research is the first to test the relation between postformal complex thought (PFT) and death acceptance. College students
(N = 225) completed the PFT questionnaire (Cartwright et al., J Adult Dev, 2009), the Need for Cognition scale (Cacioppo et al., J Personality Assess 48:3, 1984), and Klug’s Death Acceptance Scale, comprised of death integration and confrontation scales (Klug and Sinha, Omega 18:229–235,
1987). A series of hierarchical regression analyses showed PFT made a significant contribution to death acceptance over the contributions
of other cognitive and demographic variables, as predicted. Further, PFT made a significant contribution to death integration
but not to death confrontation. These results are consistent with contemporary theories of adult cognitive development and
PFT. 相似文献
5.
Research regarding how people monitor their learning has shown that ease of processing strongly guides people’s judgments
of learning (JOLs). However, the desirable difficulties concept (Bjork, 1994) suggests that studying information that is less fluent can result in greater learning. Currently, it is unclear whether
people are aware of the potential benefits of desirable difficulties during learning. To address this, in Experiment 1, participants studied inverted and upright words and also made JOLs. While participants’ JOLs did not differ for inverted
and upright words, recall was greater for inverted words. Experiment 2 used several study–test cycles in which participants could potentially learn about the beneficial effects of processing inverted
words with task experience, and similar results were obtained. Thus, reading inverted words requires processing that enhances
recall, but memory predictions do not differentiate between upright and inverted words. We interpret these results in terms
of processing fluency, desirable difficulties, and theories of metacognitive monitoring. 相似文献
6.
Mother,Melancholia, and Art in Erik H. Erikson’s <Emphasis Type="Italic">Toys and Reasons</Emphasis> 总被引:1,自引:1,他引:0
Donald Capps 《Journal of religion and health》2007,46(3):369-383
In three earlier articles (2007a, 2007b, 2007c), I focused on the theme of the relationship of melancholia and the mother, and suggested that the melancholic self may
experience humor, play, and dreams as restorative resources. In this article, I want to make a similar case, based on Erik
H. Erikson’s Toys and Reasons (1977), for art (in this particular case, a painting of the Annunciation). I have made a similar case for the restorative role of art in articles on Leonard da Vinci’s Mona Lisa (Capps, Pastoral Psychology, 53, 107–137, 2004) and James McNeill Whistler’s painting of his mother (Capps, Pastoral Psychology, 2007d). In the present article, however, I focus on the special biographical circumstances in Erikson’s own development of a melancholy
self and the painting he discusses in Toys and Reasons, thereby suggesting that individuals may find a particular work of art especially relevant to their own experience of melancholy.
I conclude with Erikson’s testimonial at the memorial service of a colleague and friend who translated her own melancholy
into her service to others.
相似文献
Donald CappsEmail: |
7.
Jonathan Tallant 《Philosophia》2010,38(2):271-280
It is, I think, possible to generate a variation of McTaggart’s (Mind 17:457–474, 1908) paradox that infects all extant versions of presentism. This is not to say that presentism is doomed to failure. There may
be ways to modify presentism and I can’t anticipate all such modifications, here. For the purposes of the paper I’ll understand
‘presentism’ to be the view that for all x, x is present (cf. Crisp (2004: 18)). It seems only right that, at a conference devoted to McTaggart’s work on time, we continue to pursue new ways in which
his now infamous arguments remain relevant to us today. 相似文献
8.
Andrew C. H. Szeto Richard M. Sorrentino Satoru Yasunaga Sadafusa Kouhara Lily Lin 《Motivation and emotion》2011,35(3):338-350
In a field study involving university students from Canada and Japan, we tested hypotheses from the theory of uncertainty
orientation (Sorrentino and Roney in The uncertain mind: Individual differences in facing the unknown. Psychology Press, Philadelphia 2000). Consistent with previous research, those possessing an uncertainty orientation that matched their culture’s predominant
style of uncertainty regulation perceived a better student-classroom fit than those who did not match their culture’s predominant
style of uncertainty regulation. More importantly, we predicted and found that actual course grades varied as a function of
the culture’s style of uncertainty regulation in interaction with the participant’s uncertainty orientation and achievement-related
motives. Implications of these findings and applied relevance are discussed. 相似文献
9.
Craig Anthony Rubano 《Pastoral Psychology》2011,60(3):467-475
This article uses Kenneth R. Mitchell and Herbert Anderson’s (1983) six modalities of grieving as presented in Donald Capps’ (1993) The Poet’s Gift to bring a pastoral theological perspective to bear on Li-Young Lee’s Behind My Eyes (2008), a collection of thirty-nine poems. In specifically focusing on Lee’s poem “To Hold,” it makes the case for a seventh
grieving modality, that of preemptive loss. Employing Mitchell and Anderson’s distinction between faithful and unfaithful grieving, it argues that preemptive loss is an unfaithful form or expression of grieving, and notes the irony and sadness in this regard, as this unfaithful response
to grief is informed by what is widely considered to be a faithful Judeo–Christian perspective, rooted in the inescapable
sinfulness of humanity. 相似文献
10.
Fulin Chao 《Frontiers of Philosophy in China》2006,1(2):161-184
In ancient Chinese thoughts, de is a comparatively complicated idea. Most of the researchers translated it directly into “virtue”, but this translation is
not accurate for our understanding of the idea of “de” in pre-Qin times. Generally speaking, in Pre-Qin times, the idea of “de” underwent three developmental periods. The first is the de of Heaven, the de of ancestors; the second the de of system; and the third the de of spirit and moral conducts. In a long period of history, the idea of “de” never cast off the influence of tian Dao (the way of Heaven). It was in Western Zhou Dynasty that the idea of “de” shook off the dense fog of the mandate of Heaven. However, it was the thinkers in Spring and Autumn Period and Warring States
who made contributions to bring it deep into people’s mind. The ancient Chinese thoughts were mainly concerned with people’s
recognition and development of their own abilities, with people’s seeking harmony and balance between human-beings and nature,
and with people’s seeking harmonious and balanced human relations. The development of the idea of “de” played a very important role in this context.
__________
Translated from Zhongguo Shehui Kexue 中国社会科学 (China Social Sciences), 2005(4) by Lei Yongqiang 相似文献
11.
Joseph Adam Carter 《Philosophia》2010,38(3):517-532
Anti-luck epistemology is an approach to analyzing knowledge that takes as a starting point the widely-held assumption that knowledge must exclude
luck. Call this the anti-luck platitude. As Duncan Pritchard (2005) has suggested, there are three stages constituent of anti-luck epistemology, each which specifies a different philosophical requirement: these stages call for us to first give an account of luck; second,
specify the sense in which knowledge is incompatible with luck; and finally, show what conditions must be satisfied in order
to block the kind of luck with which knowledge was argued to be incompatible. What I’ll show here is that the modal account of luck offers a plausible story at the first stage and leads naturally to equally plausible lines to take at the second and third
stages, at which a safety condition on knowledge is squarely motivated. There are, however, recent challenges—advanced by Jonathan Kvanvig (Philosophy
and Phenomenological Research 77: 272–281, 2008); Kelly Becker (2007); and Jennifer Lackey (Australasian Journal of Philosophy 86(2):255–267, 2008), among others—to the plausibility of the safety-based anti-luck project I’ve sketched here at each of its three stages of
development. Once I’ve made precise the challenges, I’ll show why none implies that we abandon the commitments of the safety-based
anti-luck project at any of its stages. What we should conclude, then, is that a safety-condition on knowledge is motivated
by independently defensible accounts of (1) what luck is; and (2) just how knowledge should be thought incompatible with it. 相似文献
12.
Stress is an inevitable part of daily life. Studies of graduate student stress exist, but none include genetic counseling
students. The present mixed-methods study investigated 225 genetic counseling students’ stress and anxiety levels using the
State-Trait Anxiety Inventory (STAI; Spielberger et al. 1983), frequency and intensity of stressors associated with their graduate experience, positive and challenging aspects of their
experience, and their stress management advice for prospective students. Principal axis factor analysis yielded five conceptual
factors underlying the stressors: Professional Uncertainty, Personal Life Events, Interpersonal Demands, Academic Demands, and Isolating Circumstances. Exploratory model fitting using regression yielded four significant predictors accounting for 19% of the variance in state
anxiety: (1) trait anxiety, (2) the Interpersonal Demands factor, (3) the Isolating Circumstances factor, and (4) the interaction between the Professional Uncertainty factor and advanced student status. Content analysis of open-ended responses identified several themes. For instance, most
students enjoyed what they were learning, interactions with colleagues, and affirmation of their career choice, while certain
academic and professional challenges were particularly stressful (e.g., workload, time constraints, clinical rotations). Additional
findings, program implications, and research recommendations are provided. 相似文献
13.
Donald Capps 《Journal of religion and health》2008,47(1):103-117
In an earlier article (Capps, 2007a) on Erik H. Erikson’s earliest writings (1930–1931) I focused on the relationship between the child’s melancholia and conflict
with maternal authority, and drew attention to the restorative role of humor. In a subsequent article (Capps, 2007b) on Erikson’s Childhood and Society (1950) I explored the same theme of the relationship of melancholia and the mother, but focused on the restorative role of play.
In this article drawing from his Insight and Responsibility (1964) I continue this exploration of the relationship of melancholia and the mother, but focus on the restorative role of
dreams. In support of this understanding of dreams, I focus on Erikson’s interpretation of one of Sigmund Freud’s dreams in
light of the first two stages of the life cycle, and his view that the dream itself is inherently maternal.
Donald Capps is Professor of Pastoral Psychology at Princeton Theological Seminary. His books include Men, Religion, and Melancholia (1997), Freud and Freudians on Religion (2001), and Men and Their Religion: Honor, Hope, and Humor (2002). He has served as editor of Journal for the Scientific Study of Religion and as President of the Society for the Scientific Study of Religion. 相似文献
14.
15.
Robert F. Bornstein William H. Gottdiener Daniel J. Winarick 《Journal of psychopathology and behavioral assessment》2010,32(3):293-300
One-hundred fourteeen adults undergoing voluntary inpatient treatment for substance use disorders (SUDs) completed the Relationship
Profile Test (RPT; Bornstein et al. 2003), and Bond, Gardner, and Christian’s (1983) Defense Style Questionnaire (DSQ). Analyses examined gender differences in RPT subscale scores and evaluated patterns of
RPT-DSQ correlations in the SUD sample; a secondary analysis compared RPT scores in the present sample with those of Bornstein
et al.’s (Journal of Personality Assessment 80:64–74, 2003) nonclinical sample. Results supported the construct validity of the RPT as a measure of destructive overdependence (DO),
dysfunctional detachment (DD), and healthy dependency (HD) and provided preliminary clinical norms for the DO, DD, and HD
scales. Findings also documented potential limitations of the RPT in SUD patients. Continued evaluation is needed to assess
the utility of the RPT in clinical populations. 相似文献
16.
When people construct algebraic equations to represent quantitative relations, they often reverse the roles of the variables
(6S = P instead of 6P = S). Results from three experiments show that a major reason for such reversal errors is people’s adherence to, and interpretation
of, the Standard Form of algebraic models. College students constructed, selected, and interpreted algebraic models that either had the standard
multiplication format (MF: ax = y), or the mathematically equivalent division format (DF: y/a = x). A large minority of participants constructed reversed MF models, whereas most participants who were instructed to use DF
equations constructed correct models (Experiment 1). Most participants understood that MF and DF models of the same relation should be mathematically equivalent (Experiment 2), but they drew a conceptual distinction between these models (Experiment 3). The authors discuss the impact of notational conventions on people’s interpretation and use of representational tools. 相似文献
17.
Prophets provoke psychological unrest, especially when exposing accepted beliefs as profound deceptions. The biblical prophets
exemplify such confrontation as do certain atheists ardently opposed to the images of God created by those seers. The German
philosopher Friedrich Nietzsche dramatically illustrates this type of counterforce to the Judeo-Christian tradition. His prophet
Zarathustra is intended to be a model for the modern mind, one free of superstitions inflicted by antiquated religious dogma.
Nietzsche’s credo “God is dead” served as a declaration for the nineteenth century. In the twentieth century, it became a
theological diagnosis. As a “movement,” or “tenor,” the death of God or radical theology was spearheaded by Thomas Altizer,
a well-published young professor center-staged during the turbulent 1960s. His work foreshadows a new strain of atheism currently
represented by biologist Richard Dawkins (2006, The God delusion. New York: Houghton Mifflin), philosopher Daniel Dennett (2006, Breaking the spell. New York: Penquin), neuroscientist Sam Harris (2004, The end of faith. New York: W.W. Norton; 2008, Letter to a Christian nation. New York: Vintage), journalist Christopher Hitchens (2007, God is not great. New York: Twelve), and mathematician John Allen Paulos (Paulos 2008, Irreligion. New York: Hill & Wang). This twenty-first century crusade against belief in God is best understood as a psychodynamic ignited
by Altizer’s Christian atheism. The present dialogue reflects that dynamic while the prologue and epilogue reveal evidence
of Providence amidst claims of God’s demise in contemporary history. 相似文献
18.
Reinwein J 《Journal of psycholinguistic research》2012,41(1):1-32
The modality effect is a central issue in multimedia learning [see Mayer (Cambridge University Press, 2005a), for a review]. Sweller’s Cognitive Load Theory (CLT), for example, presumes that an illustrated text is better understood
when presented visually rather than orally. The predictive power of CLT lies in how it links in to Baddeley’s (1986) model of working memory and Penney’s (Mem Cognit 17:398–442, 1989) Separate-Streams Hypothesis. Ginns’s (Learn Instr 4:313–331, 2005) recent meta-analysis also supports the modality effect (d = 0.72, based on 43 independent effects). This article replicates the meta-analysis of the modality effect based on 86 independent
effects (with within-study subgroups as the unit of analysis and with mean of the outcomes as the dependent measure), with results showing a reduction of the overall effect size by almost half (d = 0.38), and even more when Duval and Tweedie’s Trim and Fill method is used to correct publication bias (d = 0.20). This article also widens the scope of the analysis of moderator variables (e.g. Pace of presentation, Type of visualization,
Research group) as well as their potentially confounded effects. Finally, it is argued that, for theoretical reasons, the
so-called modality effect cannot be based on Penney’s or Baddeley’s theories and must be explained in a different way. 相似文献
19.
Previous research findings concerning employees’ perceptions of fairness and positive mood as predictors of organizational citizenship behavior (OCB) have been equivocal. Explanations for this inconsistency may be related to the varying types of manipulation techniques adopted and samples tested. To address these issues, the present study adopted the mood and fairness manipulation techniques of Bachrach and Jex (2000, Journal of Applied Psychology, 30(3), 641–663) to investigate their effect on OCB amongst a sample of 138 employees from five large service organizations. The findings revealed that employees’ perceptions of fairness affected their likelihood to perform organizational citizenship behaviors. One implication of this finding is that employees’ perceptions of fairness may have a more enduring effect, in comparison to their mood, on increasing their extra role work behaviors. However, a close evaluation of the mood manipulation technique suggests that further research is needed before any firm conclusions can be made on the relative effect of empolyees’ perceived fairness and positive mood on OCB. 相似文献