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1.
Ronald M. Rapee 《Journal of abnormal child psychology》2009,37(8):1103-1112
Parental overprotection and modeling of fearful behaviors have been proposed to play a central role in the development of
anxiety. Yet there have been few longitudinal examinations of these relationships and virtually none focusing on the adolescent
period. The current study measured adolescent perceptions of maternal anxious parenting (a combination of overprotection and
expression of anxiety), mothers’ levels of anxiousness, and adolescents’ anxiety symptoms in 421 girls in grade 7 and their
mothers. Measures were repeated 12 months later. When the adolescent’s self report of anxiety was used as the outcome, the
adolescent’s perception of maternal anxious parenting significantly predicted adolescent anxiety 12 months later. When the
mother’s report of adolescent anxiety was used as the outcome adolescent anxiety significantly predicted adolescent perceptions
of maternal anxious parenting 12 months later. Maternal anxiousness predicted the adolescent’s perception of anxious parenting,
but meditational relationships were not significant in either model. The data are partly consistent with reciprocal influence
models of parent/child relationships but point to the importance of informant perspectives in determining relationships between
these complex variables. 相似文献
2.
Positive and Negative Affect in Parents and Adolescents: Gender and Assessment Method Considerations
This study examined adolescents’ self-reports and parents’ reports of adolescents’ positive and negative affect toward their
parents, as well as mothers’ and fathers’ self-reports of positive and negative affect toward their adolescents. Based on
behavioral observations, adolescent–parent interactions were examined to determine the relation between adolescent–parent
behavior, adolescents’ perceptions of parental affect, and parents’ perceptions of adolescent affect. Gender of adolescents,
gender of parents, and adolescent gender by parent gender interaction effects were studied as was adolescents’ age. Findings
suggest that parent gender (i.e., mothers and fathers) and adolescent gender (i.e., boys and girls) are important considerations
when studying affect in parent–adolescent relationships. Age-related differences were not evident. Results are discussed with
an eye toward improving the assessment of parent–adolescent affect by using multiple methods of assessment such as direct
behavioral observations and multiple informants on questionnaire measures. 相似文献
3.
The importance of quality of life has been increasingly recognized in the field of special education. To date, however, there
are no studies focusing exclusively on students with emotional and behavioral disorders (EBD). This study examined quality
of life differences between students with EBD and their nondisabled peers in four domains: (a) General quality of life; (b)
Self; (c) Relationships; and (d) Environment. Additional analyses compared parent and adolescent ratings. Results indicated
adolescents with EBD were significantly more dissatisfied with their quality of life in all domains than their non-EBD peers.
No significant within group differences were found for gender or age; however, EBD students in self-contained schools rated
self and environment significantly higher than their peers with EBD in public schools. Parents of adolescent with EBD rated
their adolescent’s quality of life significantly lower than their adolescent did, while parents of non-EBD adolescents rated
their adolescent’s quality of life as significantly higher than did their adolescents. This study has several implications
for programming to improve the outcomes among this group of students. 相似文献
4.
Mandy Chen Charlotte Johnston Lisa Sheeber Craig Leve 《Journal of abnormal child psychology》2009,37(1):119-130
This study examined whether negative parental attributions for adolescent behaviour mediate the association between parental
and adolescent depressive symptoms, and whether this relationship is moderated by adolescent gender. Mothers and fathers and
124 adolescents (76 girls and 48 boys; ages 14 to 18) participated. Adolescents were primarily Caucasian, and varied in the
level of depressive symptoms (with 27% of the sample meeting diagnostic criteria for a current unipolar depressive disorder).
Parents and adolescents completed measures of depressive symptoms, and participated in a videotaped problem-solving discussion.
After the discussion, each parent watched the videotape and, at 20 s intervals, offered attributions for their adolescent’s
behaviour. Adolescent gender moderated the relation between parental attributions and adolescent depressive symptoms, with
stronger associations for female adolescents. For both mothers and fathers, both parental depressive symptoms and negative
attributions about the adolescent’s behaviour made unique contributions to the prediction of depressive symptoms in adolescent
females. There also was evidence that negative attributions partially mediated the link between depressive symptoms in mothers
and adolescent daughters. The results are interpreted as consistent with parenting as a partial mediator between parental
and adolescent depressive symptoms, and suggest that adolescent girls may be particularly sensitive to parents’ negative interpretations
of their behaviour. 相似文献
5.
Peter Muris Harald Merckelbach Cor Meesters 《Journal of psychopathology and behavioral assessment》2001,23(4):279-283
The present study examined the relationships between learning experiences with respect to somatic symptoms and levels of anxiety sensitivity in youths. Fifty-two normal adolescents aged 12 to 14 years were interviewed about their learning experiences with anxiety-related and nonanxiety-related somatic symptoms and completed the Childhood Anxiety Sensitivity Index. Results showed that informational learning to some extent contributed to adolescents' anxiety sensitivity levels. That is, parents' transmission of the idea that somatic symptoms might be dangerous was significantly associated with levels of anxiety sensitivity. Other learning experiences such as parental reinforcement or observational learning were not found to be related to anxiety sensitivity. It can be concluded that learning experiences seem to play a small but significant role in the development of high levels of anxiety sensitivity. 相似文献
6.
The present study explored sex and age differences in the level of object representations and human movement in the dreams
of adolescents. In order to test empirically the contention that early object relations are significantly linked to the formation
of children’s gender identity, 389 dreams recorded by 115 adolescents, ages 15–18, were scored for object representations
and levels of human movement. As predicted, there were significant differences in the quality of object representations in
male and female adolescent’s dream content. In addition, female’s dreams contained significantly higher amounts of human movement
than males’ dreams although these differences may well be attributable to longer dream narratives in the female sample. Further,
these sex differences were most pronounced at the highest end of the sample age range. Results are discussed in terms of object
relations adolescent development.
The authors wish to thank Patricia Heenan, M.A., for her invaluable assistance with data management, Alice Pope, Ph.D., for
her helpful suggestions, and Dave Cowen, Ph.D., for making his data available to us. Portions of this paper were presented
at the Association for the Study of Dreams, June 1996, Berkeley, CA. 相似文献
7.
We examined the associations between the parenting dimensions autonomy granting, over control, and rejection and children’s
anxiety, in relation to parent and child gender and child age. Elementary school-aged children (n = 179, M
age = 10.27, SD = 1.30), adolescents (n = 127, M
age = 15.02, SD = 1.54) and both their parents completed questionnaires on parenting and children’s anxiety. Parenting was more strongly
related to child anxiety in elementary school children than in adolescents. Maternal over control was uniquely related to
elementary school-aged children’s anxiety whereas paternal over control was more important during adolescence. Opposite to
our expectations, we found higher levels of parental autonomy granting to be related to higher levels of anxiety for younger
elementary school-aged children (age < 10). For adolescents, the association between paternal over control and anxiety was
stronger for older adolescents (age > 15), with higher levels of over control related to higher levels of anxiety. For both
elementary school-aged children and adolescents, the associations between parenting and child anxiety did not differ as a
function of the child’s gender. If we are to understand the associations between parenting and children’s anxiety, it is important
to distinguish parental autonomy granting from parental over control and to consider the role of parent gender and the age
of the child. 相似文献
8.
Alexandra Loukas 《Journal of abnormal child psychology》2009,37(8):1113-1122
The present study examined a) the associations between adolescent-reported maternal psychological control and self-reported
internalizing problems one year later, while simultaneously examining the opposite direction of effects and b) the equivalence
of these associations across gender. Participants were 479 10-to-14-year old adolescents (55% female) participating in two
waves of a study. Results from multi-group, cross-lagged panel analyses indicated that although early adolescents’ depressive
symptoms and social anxiety predicted change in perceived maternal psychological control one year later, perceived maternal
psychological control did not predict change in early adolescents’ internalizing problems. Elevated levels of depressive symptoms
were associated with increased levels of perceived maternal psychological control one year later, whereas elevated levels
of social anxiety were associated with decreased levels. Aforementioned findings were consistent across boys’ and girls’ data.
Study findings extend limited research on adolescent effects, demonstrating that early adolescents’ internalizing problems
play a role in perceived maternal psychological control. 相似文献
9.
Ronald D. Taylor Elizabeth I. Lopez Mia Budescu Rebecca Kang McGill 《Journal of child and family studies》2012,21(3):474-485
Association of socially demanding kin relations, mother’s emotional support, behavioral control/monitoring, family organization
and psychological control with adolescent’s internalizing and externalizing problems were assessed in 200 economically disadvantaged,
African American mothers and adolescents. Demanding kin relations and mother’s psychological control were positively associated
with adolescent’s internalizing problems. Demanding kin relations also moderated the association of control/monitoring, family
organization, and psychological control, with internalizing. For mothers with more demanding kin relations, increased control/monitoring
was associated with increased adolescent internalizing. In comparison, increased control/monitoring was associated with decreased
adolescent internalizing for mothers with less demanding kin relations. Negative association of family organization with internalizing
was more apparent for mothers with more compared to less demanding kin relations. Positive association of mother’s psychological
control with internalizing was more apparent for mothers with more compared to less socially demanding kin relations. Demanding
kin relations and mother’s psychological control were positively associated with adolescent’s externalizing problems. Mother’s
emotional support and family organization were negatively associated with externalizing. Also, negative association of family
organization with externalizing was more apparent for families with more compared to less demanding kin relations. The need
for research on the factors associated with negative relation with kin was discussed. 相似文献
10.
McGrady ME Cotton S Rosenthal SL Roberts YH Britto M Yi MS 《Journal of clinical psychology in medical settings》2010,17(4):349-356
Twenty to 40% of adolescents with asthma experience significant symptoms of anxiety. This study examined the mediational role
of illness perceptions in the relationship between anxiety and asthma symptoms in adolescents. One hundred fifty-one urban
adolescents (ages 11–18) with asthma completed measures of illness perceptions, and anxiety and asthma symptoms. Using the
Baron and Kenny approach and Sobel tests, we examined whether illness perceptions mediated the anxiety-asthma symptom relationship.
Three illness perceptions significantly mediated the relationship between anxiety and asthma symptoms, z = 1.97–2.13, p < .05; adjusted R
2 = 0.42–0.51, p < .05. Greater anxiety symptoms were associated with perceptions that asthma negatively impacted one’s life and emotions
and was difficult to control. These negative illness perceptions were, in turn, related to greater asthma symptoms. Illness
perceptions helped explain the anxiety-asthma symptoms link in adolescents. Results suggest that targeting illness perceptions
in adolescents with asthma and anxiety may help reduce asthma symptoms. 相似文献
11.
Eric A. Storch Heather Lehmkuhl Steven L. Pence Jr. Gary R. Geffken Emily Ricketts Jill F. Storch Tanya K. Murphy 《Journal of child and family studies》2009,18(3):249-258
We examined parental experience of having a child with obsessive-compulsive disorder (OCD) in 62 parent–child dyads. Youth
with a primary diagnosis of OCD and their parent(s) were administered the CY-BOCS jointly by a trained clinician. Parents
completed several measures about their child’s OCD-related impairment and accommodation, emotional and behavioral functioning,
parental distress, caregiver stress, and parental experiences of having a child with OCD. Results indicated that parents of
children with OCD are considerably distressed about their child’s condition. As expected, negative parental experiences (e.g.,
anxiety about child’s condition, uncertainty about their future) were directly related to OCD symptom severity and impairment,
as well as child internalizing and externalizing problems, family accommodation of symptoms, and caregiver strain. The presence
of emotional resources was negatively related to most outcomes, although some of these relationships did not achieve statistical
significance. The presence of internalizing symptoms mediated the relationship between parental experiences and parental distress.
Given these findings, addressing parental experiences as part of a family based cognitive-behavioral treatment program for
pediatric OCD may help reduce parental distress and improve patient prognosis. 相似文献
12.
Although violence and homicide are more prevalent in Colombia, South America than the US, the role of psychosocial factors
in the violent behavior of Colombian adolescents remains unclear. The aim of this longitudinal study was to examine the interrelation
of domains of personality, familial, peer, and ecological variables associated with violence in a community sample of adolescents
from various self-reported ethnic groups in Colombia. The sample consisted of 1,151 male adolescents selected from three Colombian
cities. The participants were surveyed using structured interviews at two points in time over a 2-year interval. Data were
collected concerning adolescent personal attributes, family characteristics, peer, and ecological factors, including drug
availability and the prevalence of violence in the community. The dependent variable was the self-reported frequency of the
adolescent’s violent behavior. The results supported a model in which violent behavior was correlated independently over time
with a number of risk factors from several domains. Evidence for the hypothesized mediated effects of the familial monitoring
and bonding domain, the peer domain, the ecological domain, and prior victimization related to personal attributes and contemporaneous
violence and the adolescent’s violent behavior 2 years later was also found. The findings suggest the use of specific intervention
procedures with adolescents to prevent their subsequent violent behavior. 相似文献
13.
Meiser-Stedman R Smith P Glucksman E Yule W Dalgleish T 《Journal of abnormal child psychology》2007,35(2):191-201
Examining parent-child agreement for Acute Stress Disorder (ASD) and Post-Traumatic Stress Disorder (PTSD) in children and
adolescents is essential for informing the assessment of trauma-exposed children, yet no studies have examined this relationship
using appropriate statistical techniques. Parent-child agreement for these disorders was examined by structured interview
in a prospective study of assault and motor vehicle accident (MVA) child survivors, assessed at 2–4 weeks and 6 months post-trauma.
Children were significantly more likely to meet criteria for ASD, as well as other ASD and PTSD symptom clusters, based on
their own report than on their parent’s report. Parent-child agreement for ASD was poor (Cohen’s κ = −.04), but fair for PTSD
(Cohen’s κ = .21). Agreement ranged widely for other emotional disorders (Cohen’s κ = −.07–.64), with generalised anxiety
disorder found to have superior parent-child agreement (when assessed by phi coefficients) relative to ASD and PTSD. The findings
support the need to directly interview children and adolescents, particularly for the early screening of posttraumatic stress,
and suggest that other anxiety disorders may have a clearer presentation post-trauma. 相似文献
14.
The purpose of this study was to compare the frequency of anxiety symptoms and their association with gender and age in Japanese and German children using the Spence Children's Anxiety Scale (SCAS). A total of 1837 children (862 from Germany and 975 from Japan) between the age of 8 and 12 years were investigated. Results revealed that German children reported significantly higher symptoms of separation anxiety, social phobia, obsessive compulsive disorder, and generalized anxiety disorder than Japanese children. Conversely, Japanese children reported significantly higher scores on symptoms related to physical injury fear. In both countries, girls scored higher than boys on all the scales of the SCAS. Symptoms of separation anxiety and panic decreased with age, whereas social phobia increased with age. The findings underscore the impact of culture on children's anxiety. 相似文献
15.
We examined family expressiveness as reported by mothers and fathers with respect to children’s report of social anxiety symptoms.
Participants consisted of a clinical sample of 178 youth (8–16 years) and their parents. The sample was largely homogenous
(163 Caucasians, 6 African American, 4 Hispanic, 5 Asian/Native American; 118 boys, 60 girls), and for analytic purposes,
divided into two age groups: young children between 8 and 10 years and preadolescents and adolescents between 11 and 16 years.
Youth completed the Social Anxiety subscale of the Multidimensional Anxiety Scale for Children and parents completed the Expressiveness
subscale of the Family Environment Scale. The Expressiveness subscale measures the extent to which family members openly and
directly express their emotions. We hypothesized that low levels of family expressiveness, as reported by mothers and fathers,
would be associated with heightened symptoms of social anxiety for both age groups of the youth. Contrary to predictions,
no significant associations were observed between young children’s social anxiety and expressiveness. For older children,
however, maternal reports of family expressiveness were negatively related to social anxiety symptoms (as predicted) whereas
paternal reports of family expressiveness were positively related to youth’s social anxiety symptoms (counter to predictions).
This later finding suggests that the more expressive the father perceived the family to be, the higher the symptoms of social
anxiety reported by the older youth. Findings are discussed in terms of differential perceptions of family expressiveness
and socialization by mothers and fathers and gender role stereotypes. 相似文献
16.
Floor M. Sauter David Heyne P. Michiel Westenberg 《Clinical child and family psychology review》2009,12(4):310-335
Anxiety disorders in adolescence are common and disruptive, pointing to a need for effective treatments for this age group.
Cognitive behavior therapy (CBT) is one of the most popular interventions for adolescent anxiety, and there is empirical support
for its application. However, a significant proportion of adolescent clients continue to report anxiety symptoms post-treatment.
This paper underscores the need to attend to the unique developmental characteristics of the adolescent period when designing
and delivering treatment, in an effort to enhance treatment effectiveness. Informed by the literature from developmental psychology,
developmental psychopathology, and clinical child and adolescent psychology, we review the ‘why’ and the ‘how’ of developmentally
appropriate CBT for anxious adolescents. ‘Why’ it is important to consider developmental factors in designing and delivering
CBT for anxious adolescents is addressed by examining the age-related findings of treatment outcome studies and exploring
the influence of developmental factors, including cognitive capacities, on engagement in CBT. ‘How’ clinicians can developmentally
tailor CBT for anxious adolescents in six key domains of treatment design and delivery is illustrated with suggestions drawn
from both clinically and research-oriented literature. Finally, recommendations are made for research into developmentally
appropriate CBT for anxious adolescents. 相似文献
17.
Two studies examined the relationship between the General Factor of Personality (GFP) and behavioral inhibition and anxiety symptoms in primary school children. The GFP is assumed to reflect effectiveness in interaction with others. In Study 1, using self-reports and parent ratings of 226 non-clinical children, we found GFP scores to be negatively related to behavioral inhibition and anxiety symptoms. In Study 2 we compared non-clinical children (N = 81) with children with anxiety disorders (N = 45). In both groups we obtained child and parent ratings. The clinically referred children scored significantly lower on the GFP than the non-clinical children. Moreover, as in Study 1, higher GFP scores were associated with lower levels of behavioral inhibition and anxiety symptoms. The two studies support the view that the GFP is a relevant construct in anxiety proneness and anxiety problems. 相似文献
18.
Rebecca S. Bernard Lindsey L. Cohen 《Journal of clinical psychology in medical settings》2006,13(3):282-287
Infants’ procedural pain and parents’ treatment room anxiety has been largely ignored in the research and clinical domains. To understand and manage infant procedural pain, it is essential to examine the correlates and potential predictors of this pain. Given that parent anxiety is a strong predictor of preschoolers’ procedural anxiety and pain, it is likely that parents play a role in infants’ distress during medical procedures. The purpose of this study was to thoroughly examine parent anxiety and its effects on infant procedural pain for 37 parent-infant dyads. Results demonstrated that only parent self-report measures were intercorrelated and several measures of parent distress correlated with measures of infant distress. Treatment implications and recommendations for future research are discussed.This article is based on the master's thesis of the first author under the direction of the second, at West Virginia University. 相似文献
19.
Christina D. Adams Larissa K. Reynolds Rose Ann Perez Denise Powers Mary Lou Kelley 《Journal of psychopathology and behavioral assessment》1998,20(1):103-125
The purpose of this study was to evaluate the discriminant validity of scores from the Adolescent Behavior Checklist (ABC), a self-report measure of ADHD symptomatology for adolescents ages 11–17 years. Validity was assessed through correlational, univariate, and discriminant function analyses using three groups: (1) adolescents diagnosed with ADHD, (2) adolescents currently experiencing a mood and/or anxiety disorder, and (3) adolescents with no major psychological disorder. Convergent and divergent validity of the ABC factor scores was demonstrated through correlational results with (1) parent and adolescent report of ADHD symptoms during structured psychiatric interviews and (2) scores on questionnaires measuring related and nonrelated constructs. Univariate analyses indicated that the ADHD group obtained significantly higher scores than did the nonclinical adolescents across all ABC factors. Additionally, the ADHD group scored significantly higher than did the psychiatric controls on the following ABC factors: Conduct Problems, Impulsivity/Hyperactivity, and Social Problems. Results from discriminant analyses supported the reliability of ABC scores in correctly classifying participants into groups. Compared to the Youth Self-Report, the ABC was found to be somewhat better at classifying when used in a multiinformant discriminant analysis. Therefore, overall results from the current study suggest that the ABC is a valid and useful self-report screening measure for ADHD symptoms and related difficulties. 相似文献
20.
Elizabeth Mazur 《Journal of child and family studies》2008,17(4):517-537
This study merged stress-and-coping research with the social model of disability to describe the most frequently experienced
disability-related events experienced by 19 parents with acquired physical disabilities and their adolescent children, and
examined the relations between these events, severity of disability, and psychological adjustment. Parents and adolescents
reported many more positive than negative disability-related events, although parents reported significantly more negative
events than did their children. Frequency of parents’ experienced negative disability-related events correlated significantly
with self-reported anxiety, depression, and weaker feelings of parental self-efficacy, with their reports of adolescents’
internalizing and externalizing problems, and with adolescents’ self-reports of depression, anxiety, and lower self-esteem.
Frequency of adolescents’ negative disability-related events correlated significantly with self-reported depression and lower
self-esteem, and approached significance with self-reported anxiety. There were no significant associations between parents’
positive events and self-reported or adolescent adjustment. Total frequency of adolescents’ positive events correlated significantly
with less parent-reported anxiety. There were several significant associations between parental rating of severity of disability
and number of physical limitations with their and their children’s adjustment. Implications for understanding the daily effects
of parental physical disability on parents and their adolescent children are discussed, and recommendations are suggested
for prevention interventions. 相似文献