提高中学数学教师课堂行为效能的研究

本研究利用角色改变、自我评价、现场指导三种方法作为干预手段探讨了中学数学教师的自我概念的改变对其课堂教学能力发展的影响,以及对学生思维品质发展的影响。实验设计为实验组、控制组前、后测时间序列设计。实验组接受10周训练。训练措施是①角色改变;②自我评价;③现场指导。前后测使用的测量工具是①中学数学教师课堂教学能力测验;②中小学教师自我概念量表;③中学生数学思维品质测验。对所得数据进行了协方差分析。结果表明,①中学数学教师课堂教学能力通过实验干预是可以改变的,变化程度由高到低依次是:认知能力、操作能力和监控能力。②每种维度上各个成分在实验干预情况下,变化速度不一样。③中学数学教师课堂教学能力的提高可以有效地促进学生思维的深刻性、灵活性、独创性、批判性、敏捷性品质的发展。     

提高小学教师素质促进学生思维品质发展

选取教师共19名,所教班的学生共915名,通过教师参与科学研究、摄像自我评价等方法,探讨了提高教师素质的途径与方法,及其对学生思维品质发展的影响.结果表明,教师参加教育科学研究是提高教师素质的有效途径和方法;教师参加教育科学研究能促进教师教学能力的提高;教师课堂教学能力的提高促进了小学生思维能力的发展,提高了学生的学习成绩;小学生思维深刻性的发展,不同年龄发展速度不同,一年级最慢,四年级最快,三年级中等.     

教学监控与学习监控的培养研究

本文报告的是关于教师的教学监控能力与学生的学习监控能力的培养研究,在为期三年的研究中发现:通过对教师教育教学的条件性知识和教学自我效能感的培养,可明显地提高教师的教学监控水平,进而可促进小学生思维品质与学习方法的提高,促进学生学习监控能力的发展,同时在教学监控与学习监控的培养研究中,探索出一套与学习监控培养相适应的课堂教学策略和课堂教学模式,表明教师的教学监控能力与学生的学习监控能力是相互促进的.     

教师素质的心理学研究

本研究以中小学教师为研究对象,从心理学角度对教师素质中的工作积极性、教育机制、教师的自我概念等成分进行了调查分析,同时,也进行了提高中学数学教师课堂教学能力的实验研究.结果发现:(1)中小学教师的工作积极性与其心理水平、工作条件、环境因素等有显着的相关.(2)教师解决人际冲突的教育机制,依据其认知发展水平和解决问题采取的策略,可以划分为水平不同的四种类型.(3)改变教师的自我概念是提高教师课堂教学能力的有效方法之一.     

大学生现在将来的自我时间比较研究

使用大学生自我概念问卷对200名西南大学在校大二学生实施问卷调查,了解大学生现在与将来自我时间比较的特点。研究结果表明：大学生在自我时间比较中对将来自我的评价显著高于对现在自我的评价;近期将来和远期将来的自我提升除在交际品质维度上有显著差异外,在其他维度上均无显著差异;在重要品质上的自我提升高于在不重要品质上的自我提升,但差异不显著。     

学习不良少年的自我概念与父母评价的特点及关系

本研究用问卷对272名11～15岁的少年学生分组进行学习不良与非学习不良的比较,考察其自我概念和父母评价的特点及关系。结果表明：学习不良学生的自我概念与非学习不良学生存在明显差异,他们对学业、一般自我等的评价较消极。学习不良学生的自我概念没有性别差异。仅一般自我有显著上升趋势。13岁前后与非学习不良学生的差距更为突出。学习不良学生的父母评价不利于他们的积极成长和发展。同时,学习不良学生形成自我概念的过程中有一种偏狭的倾向。     

反思自我评价的性质

反思自我评价是指个体对于他人如何看待自己的知觉;它对自我概念、种族认同的形成起着重要作用。反思自我评价并不完全准确,它受熟悉性,自尊水平等多种因素的影响。关于反思自我评价的形成,目前主要有三种理论：直接观察模型、他人反馈模型和自我理论模型。由于中西方在文化、社会和历史背景上的不同,应加强建构适合我国文化背景的反思自我评价理论;另外,也应加强对反思自我评价研究的应用探讨。     

视频游戏虚拟化身对自我概念的影响

虚拟化身(virtual avatar)是玩家在视频游戏中的虚拟自我呈现方式, 通过操控虚拟化身, 玩家可扮演不同的角色, 并拥有新的身份。作为现实自我的投射和展示, 虚拟化身会影响个体的自我认同, 并带来自我的变化。近年来, 越来越多的研究开始关注虚拟化身对个体自我的影响。大量研究表明, 在视频游戏中操纵虚拟化身进行行为和身份模拟会影响个体的自我概念。相关理论从不同视角解释了虚拟化身影响自我概念的原因。另外, 已有研究表明虚拟化身与自我概念的关系受到化身线索、视频游戏特征及个体因素的影响; 自我临场感和化身认同是虚拟化身影响自我概念的内在心理机制。未来研究应关注虚拟化身对自我概念的深层次影响和长期影响, 化身形象和行为两种线索的交互影响, 以及虚拟化身带来的自我概念改变对现实行为的影响, 并加强该领域的应用研究。     

综合评价及综合预测的广义均方模型

在教育及心理领域内,经常遇到综合评价及综合预测的问题。例如,在对思维品质进行研究时,教师根据每个学生的知识迁移,一题多解及发散式解题三个项目的测验分数给出思维灵活性的综合评分;再如,在对能力进行研究时,我们根据学生现在的数学成绩以及运算能力、逻辑思维能力的测验分数来预测其下学年的代数成绩;又如,在对学生评价教师的心理进行研究时,我们通过学生对教师的思想作风、工作态度和学识能力三个单项的评价来预测其教师总的评价,等等。     

浙北地区聋哑学生自我概念水平的调查研究

目的：评价聋哑学生的自我概念水平,探讨聋哑学生自我概念的重要性,及提高聋哑学生自我概念水平的对策,为搞好特殊教育和聋哑学生心理健康指导提供依据。方法：本调查研究采用piers-harris儿童自我概念量表对浙北地区3所特殊教育学校的127名7、8和9年级的聋哑学生进行了自我概念水平的调查测量。结果：聋哑学生的自我概念状况良好,聋哑男生与聋哑女生的自我概念水平无显著性差异,年级差异也不具显著性。结论：特殊教育学校在实际工作中,应采取针对性的防治措施,培养聋哑学生积极的自我概念、增强聋哑学生健全的人格。预防和减少心理问题的发生。     

不同经验教师对学生课堂行为加工的眼动研究

教师对课堂信息的知觉和加工是教师教学能力和教学专长发展的重要组成部分。以往有关课堂场景中学生行为知觉和注意的研究主要采用问卷调查、主观报告和定性分析等研究方式,不仅缺乏对学生课堂问题行为客观量化的分析,对教师如何加工课堂场景中学生行为也研究较少。本研究选取11名专家、9名经验教师和17名新手,让其观看一段时长约15秒的小学数学课堂教学视频,并记录其观看过程中的眼动信息。结果发现,教师对学生课堂典型行为的注视次数和注视次数比率多于问题行为;相对于专家和经验教师,新手对学生的典型课堂行为注视次数更多、总注视时间更长、注视比率更大;就学生的典型行为而言,新手比专家和经验教师注视的次数更多、总注视时间更长,注视的比率也更大。结论认为,教学经验会影响教师对课堂教学场景中学生行为信息的知觉,新手对突显的典型行为关注要多于问题行为,而专家和经验教师则在典型行为和问题行为上平均分配注意资源。     

Video in the College Classroom: An Exploratory Study

The effect of a counselor working directly with college teachers on a specific student learning problem—oral nonparticipation in discussion classes—was explored. Seven college history instructors viewed with a counselor videotaped excerpts of their own classroom discussion sessions. During playback sessions the counselor modeled and verbally and nonverbally reinforced certain instructor behaviors seen on video. Four instructors viewed tapes individually (IT) with the counselor; three instructors viewed tapes in a group (GT) with the counselor. Results: (1) Instructors reported video-playback counseling was very helpful in changing their behavior in the classroom; (2) Instructors became more aware of how verbal and nonverbal cues influence student behaviors; (3) Small group playbacks seemed as effective as individual playback procedure.     

教师资格和职业发展因素对学生数学成绩的影响：一个跨文化比较

采用TIMSS2003中的数据,应用混合模型,比较香港、日本、瑞典和美国四个国家(地区)教师资格因素和职业发展因素对其学生数学学业成绩的影响。结果发现香港教师高学历和常有其他教师听课提高了学生成绩;瑞典教师的性别、专业和参加数学教学方法方面的职业发展活动,以及美国教师的专业和听其他教师讲课显著影响其学生成绩;日本教师资格和职业发展因素对其学生成绩没有影响。     

Enhancing Students' Engagement by Increasing Teachers' Autonomy Support

Engagement refers to the behavioral intensity and emotional quality of a person's active involvement during a task. Recognizing the benefits highly engaged people experience, we tested whether classroom teachers could incorporate the relatively foreign concept of autonomy support into their motivating styles as a way to promote their students' engagement during instruction. Teachers in an experimental group and teachers in a delayed-treatment control group received information and guidance consistent with self-determination theory on how to support students' autonomy. Over a series of 3 classroom observations, trained raters scored each teacher's autonomy support and 2 measures of their students' engagement–task involvement and influence attempts. Trained teachers displayed significantly more autonomy-supportive behaviors than did nontrained teachers. Further, the more teachers used autonomy support during instruction, the more engaged were their students. This was true on both measures of engagement.     

Development and initial validation of the Classroom Motivational Climate Questionnaire (CMCQ)

Research on classroom goal-structures (CGS) has shown the usefulness of assessing the classroom motivational climate to evaluate educational interventions and to promote changes in teachers' activity. So, the Classroom Motivational Climate Questionnaire for Secondary and High-School students was developed. To validate it, confirmatory factor analysis and correlation and regression analyses were performed. Results showed that the CMCQ is a highly reliable instrument that covers many of the types of teaching patterns that favour motivation to learn, correlates as expected with other measures of CGS, predicts satisfaction with teacher's work well, and allows detecting teachers who should revise their teaching.     

小学教师课堂教学能力构成的研究

采用实验与心理测验法,探讨知识结构、教学效能感、教学监控力和基本心理能力在小学教师课堂教学能力形成与发展中的作用,并通过验证性因素分析的方法,建构了教师课堂教学能力的验证性因素分析模型。结果表明;知识结构、教学效能感和教学监控力在小学教师课堂教学能力中起着重要作用;基本心理能力主要受年龄发展的影响,对教师课堂教学能力的作用不显著。     

教师背景变量对教师教学效果影响的多层线性分析

用《教师教学效果评价问卷(学生版)》问卷对高校181名教师的教学效果进行调查,用多层次分析法对影响教师教学效果的教师背景变量:教师性别、年龄、学历、职称、所教专业、年级、班级大小以及课程类别对教师教学效果影响程度进行分析,目的在于通过用多层分析法更合理分析教师背景变量对教学效果产生的影响,为客观比较教师教学效果之间的差异提供依据。研究结果表明:(1)多层次分析法得到比传统回归分析和方差分析更合理更准确的结果;(2)教师背景变量教师中性别、学历、专业以及所教班级的大小对于教师教学效果评价效果没有显著影响;(3)教师职称、年龄、所教学生年级、课程类别对教师的教学效果有显著影响;(4)所考察的教师水平背景变量对教学效果各个维度教师水平总变异的解释率介于3351%-4278%之间。     

经验合作教学对教师教学准备影响的实验研究

本研究以"经验合作教学"的校本教师培训的新思路为依据,以经验合作教学的操作性方案为干预手段,运用教育实验法考察经验合作教学计划对教师教学准备的影响。研究表明:(1)《教师教学准备评价问卷》的信、效度均达到心理测量学要求,可以作为评价教师教学准备的工具;(2)经验合作教学对教师的教学准备具有积极促进作用;(3)经验合作教学对不同教龄、性别、职称教师教学准备的影响不同。     

Effects of a REBT Based Training on Children and Teachers in Primary School

Rational Emotive Education (REE) is a psychological educational program offering a preventative psycho-educational curriculum to children in order to teach them emotional literacy skills. REE helps children by teaching them to challenge irrational thinking, to minimize their reactions to disappointment and frustrations, to cope more effectively with problems, and to more fully accept themselves. The efficacy of REE training for children and teachers was examined in a sample of 211 third grade students from nine different classes and 26 teachers. Each class was randomly assigned to one of three different groups, two experimental groups and a control group, each receiving different training. First objective of our study was to evaluate the efficacy of a REE training based on storytelling in changing children’s irrational beliefs. Second objective of our study was to observe the efficacy of a teachers’ training similar to that applied in REBT-focused school consultation groups in enhancing their self-efficacy. Results show an improved tendency in children to think rationally and an enhanced perception of self-efficacy in teachers for those groups that underwent the training compared to the control group. Our results suggest that REBT based trainings for children and teachers should be integrated into the classroom curriculum in order to prevent mental health problems and encourage positive social and emotional well-being.     

Declarative knowledge and professional vision in teacher education: Effect of courses in teaching and learning

Background. Teachers’ professional vision includes the ability to apply general pedagogical knowledge about components of effective teaching and learning to reason about significant features of classroom practice. It requires teachers to (a) describe, (b) explain, and (c) predict classroom situations. Although the acquisition of underling knowledge can be considered as a key element of university‐based teacher education programmes, to date, there has been little empirical research on teacher candidates’ development of professional vision. Aims. This study aims to improve understanding of how different university‐based courses in teaching and learning impact the development of professional vision. Sample. Participants were teacher candidates (N= 53) attending the same teacher education programme at a German university. They were enrolled in one of three different compulsory courses in teaching and learning, lasting one semester. Methods. In a pre‐test–post‐test design, participants’ declarative knowledge about teaching and learning was measured with a test, professional vision with the online tool Observer. Analysis of covariance and multivariate analysis of variance were conducted. Results. Teacher candidates in all three courses showed significant gains both in declarative knowledge and professional vision. Patterns of results differed depending on the course attended. A video‐based course with a focus on effective teaching resulted in highest gains in prediction of the consequences of observed events for student learning processes, which is the highest level of knowledge transfer. Conclusion. The development of professional vision is a strongly knowledge‐guided process. In line with their content and aims, university‐based courses can enhance teaching‐relevant knowledge for teacher candidates.