中小学教师的职业压力源研究

以北京市5255名中小学教师为被试,研究考察了中小学教师职业压力源的表现特点。结果发现:(1)中小学教师职业压力源的五个因素,即工作负荷、学生学业、社会及学校评价、专业发展及学生问题所带来的压力,能够较好地解释教师职业压力源问卷的结构效度。(2)随着教龄的增加,教师面临的各种压力表现出增加的趋势,11～15年教龄段的教师感知到最大的压力,之后逐渐减少。(3)小学教师感受到的各项压力明显高于中学教师。学生问题如安全、行为问题是小学教师主要的压力源,而中学教师的压力更多来源于学生学业,特别是考试压力。     

监狱民警心理健康和职业压力状况研究

目的调查民警心理健康和职业压力状况,思考民警心理减负的相关措施。方法采用分层抽样的方法,从496名民警中随机抽取80名在职民警,采用精神症状自评量表SCL—90和由中国政法大学罗大华教授编写的《监狱警察压力源调查表》进行统一施测,并运用t检验,方差分析和相关分析等统计方法来分析研究。结果镇江监狱民警的SCL—90各因子得分均高于全国常模,且有显著性差异。镇江监狱民警工作压力的平均值高于罗大华教授的全国监狱警察压力常模,但没有显著性差异。结论监狱民警处于高应激、高压力、高风险的职业领域中,职业压力感大,心理健康状况显著高于全国常模。     

心理资本在工作压力源和压力反应问的作用：调节还是中介？

谊研宛采用工作压力源量表、压力反应量表以及积极心理资本问卷对天津市某企业230名员工进行了调查。分析了心理资本与工作压力源和压力反应的关系及其作用机制。结果发现：（1）工作压力源对压力反应有显著的正向预洲作用;（2）心理资本对压力反应有显著的负向预测作用;（3）心理资本在工作压力源与压力反应之间起部分中介作用而不是调节作用,其中中介效应占总效应的比例为16％;（4）心理资本在各种工作压力源与压力反应问均起到中介作用,中介效应和直接效应的比值介于17．4％-26．1％之间。     

高级职业经理人的职业枯竭状况及其与工作压力的关系

本研究使用问卷法,对1555名高级职业经理人的职业枯竭状况进行了分析,考察了各种人口统计学变量之间的差异,并探讨了职业枯竭的各维度与工作压力的关系。结果发现:高级职业经理人的职业枯竭水平在性别、年龄、学历、婚姻状况、职位等人口统计学变量上存在着显著差异;各工作压力源中,除人际关系外,可分别预测职业枯竭的三个维度,其中对于耗竭维度的预测度最高。     

青年员工职业适应压力源探析

对浙江省某市20家企业146名青年员工的职业适应压力现状进行调查。结果显示:(1)职业适应问题确实给青年员工带来职业适应压力,其中适应突发事件压力和职业前途压力较大;(2)不同性别、学历、婚姻状况和企业类型的青年员工在职业适应压力的一些维度上差异显著;(3)逐步回归结果表明身体适应压力和人际适应压力对总压力体验有显著影响,身体适应压力、动态任务完成及创新压力对心理体验有显著影响,身体适应压力对情绪体验和生理体验有显著影响。     

教师工作压力与职业枯竭的关系：职业承诺的调节效应

应用工作压力、职业枯竭和职业承诺问卷对中小学教师2114人进行调查,主要探讨职业承诺对工作压力与职业枯竭关系的调节效应。结果发现：工作压力与职业枯竭的情绪衰竭、非人性化、认知枯竭具有显著正相关,情感承诺、规范承诺与职业枯竭具有显著负相关;教师职业承诺以及所包括的情感承诺、留职承诺、规范承诺对工作压力与职业枯竭关系具有负向调节效应;不同教龄段教师在职业枯竭不同方面存在差异。     

高中生压力源和心理健康的研究

本研究对２９８６名上海高中生对压力感受进行了调查。因素分担 些压力可以归为六大类别：社会人际关系及性发展方面,学习和学业方面,与发母交往方面,未来前途方面,经济方面,以及健康方面。资料显示高中生最大的三种压力源多与学习或学业有关,而压力最小的三种压力源主要与性发展的和健康有关。     

工作压力反应及其与领导方式的关系研究

本研究通过对537位工作者的调查,探讨工作压力反应的类型及其与领导方式的关系,结果显示:工作压力反应存在四种类型,分别是积极压力反应类型、高压力反应类型、低压力反应类型以及消极压力反应类型。直接领导的不同领导方式与个体不同的工作压力反应类型存在关联。混合式领导方式下的个体积极压力反应最高,消极压力反应最低。变革型领导和交易型领导下的个体积极压力反应和消极压力反应无显著差异。     

高校辅导员职业压力源量表的编制

目的:编制高校辅导员职业压力源量表。方法:在访谈、开放式问卷和文献综述基础上,初步编制量表题目,对预试结果进行探索性因素分析,后修订成正式量表,再对结果进行验证性分析。结果:辅导员职业压力源可归为发展保障、工作负荷、社会支持、管理体制、成就动机、工作难度6个维度,总解释率为64.26%,量表的α系数和分半信度分别为0.895和0.774,验证性因素分析模型拟合指标良好。结论:该量表符合心理测量学的要求,可用于相关研究。     

职业女性工作家庭冲突的压力源研究

本研究在已有研究的基础上 ,对浙江省杭州市职业女性进行了一次工作 -家庭冲突的调查研究。总结了现阶段职业女性工作 -家庭冲突的现状 ,探讨了角色压力源与工作 -家庭冲突的关系 ,分析了影响职业女性工作 -家庭冲突程度的因素。     

教师职业枯竭研究综述

本文综述了几十年有关教师职业枯竭的研究,介绍了教师职业枯竭的概念、教师职业枯竭的表现维度（情绪衰竭、去人性化、个人成就感降低）、教师职业枯竭的形成过程及不同教师表现出的枯竭类型（精疲力竭型、狂热型、能力富余型）、教师职业枯竭的实证研究（教师与其他行业的职业枯竭的比较研究、教师职业枯竭的人口统计学变量研究、教师职业枯竭与人格因素的关系研究）和研究理论（“付出一回报”不对称理论、枯竭发展“四阶段论”、习得性无助论、共变模型）,探讨了教师职业枯蝎的解决策略等。     

关于城市居民心理凝聚感与压力源关系的研究

使用问卷测试方式对城市居民的心理凝聚感和压力源之问的关系进行研究。结果发现,在7种压力源因子和压力源总分中,经济收支和工作压力、家庭生活事件、知识技能更新3个压力源因子和压力源总分在三个级别的心理凝聚感组之间存在显著差异,心理凝聚感水平高的被试,对外界工作生活事件产生了最低的压力评价。职业、经济收入不同的群体在心理凝聚感的得分上存在显著的差异,经济收入高的个体有较高的心理凝聚感。说明不同心理凝聚感水平的被试面对相同的工作生活压力,其压力认知评价存在差异。     

Antecedents and Consequences of Job Stressors: A Study in a Third World Setting

The present study investigates the antecedents and consequences of job stressors, especially role conflict and role ambiguity, in an environment where multiculturalism is a dominant feature of the workforce. This study used a sample of 397 employees in various manufacturing and service organizations in the United Arab Emirates (UAE). Path analysis revealed that age is negatively related to role conflict and positively to role ambiguity, and that nationality is positively related to role ambiguity. Results further indicate that role conflict directly and negatively influences job satisfaction, whereas role ambiguity directly and indirectly influences job satisfaction. Role conflict (directly), role ambiguity (directly and indirectly) and positively influence absenteeism. Both role conflict and role ambiguity negatively influence affective and behavioral tendency dimensions of attitudes toward organizational change, while role ambiguity directly and negatively influences cognitive attitude toward organizational change. Implications, limitations, lines of future research, and contributions were discussed.     

压力源及其与睡眠质量的现象学关系研究述评

压力源是引起压力反应的刺激或变化, 压力作用是睡眠质量下降的重要原因之一。就睡眠质量的影响而言, 近年来的研究报告主要集中于家庭、学习、工作、社会文化和疾病等5大传统压力维度。这些压力源与睡眠质量之间存在着复杂的双向的直接或间接的交互作用关系, 并因作用时间、作用强度的不同而发生不同的变化, 还因中介调节因素的相互作用而体现出复杂的个体差异。     

Job Satisfaction as a Mediator of the Relationship Between Job Stressors and Affective, Continuance, and Normative Commitment: A Path Analytical Approach

This article investigates the potential mediating role of job satisfaction between job stressors—namely, role overload-quantitative, role overload-qualitative, and lack of career development—as sources of stress on the one hand, and various facets of organizational commitment—namely, affective, continuance, and normative—on the other hand. A sample of 361 employees in a number of organizations in the United Arab Emirates (UAE) was used. Path analysis revealed that role overload-quantitative directly and negatively influences both job satisfaction and affective commitment and that lack of career development as a source of stress directly and negatively influences job satisfaction. Findings also suggest that job satisfaction mediates the influences of role overload-quantitative on various facets of organizational commitment. Implications, future lines of research, and limitations are discussed.     

On the Relation Between Job Characteristics and Depression: A Longitudinal Study

The current study assumes that workers actively influence the characteristics of their work environment. Not only will one's work environment (job characteristics) affect personal characteristics, such as feelings of depression; depression in turn is expected to affect the characteristics of one's work environment as well. Using a sample of 593 young Dutch workers, a longitudinal model relating feelings of depression and job characteristics to each other was tested using structural equation modeling. The results largely supported our expectations. Depressive workers were less likely to experience a job transition than non-depressive workers. If depressive workers did experience a job transition, work outcomes were less positive than for nondepressive workers. Thus, it appears that the relation between job characteristics and depression can be construed as a reciprocal relation. Implications and limitations of the study are discussed.     

Faculty Stressors, Job Satisfaction, and Psychological Distress Among University Teachers in Hong Kong: The Role of Locus of Control

The study aimed at identifying the sources of stress, and investigating their effects on job satisfaction and psychological distress among 106 university teachers (86 males, 20 females) from four tertiary institutes in Hong Kong. Another purpose of the study was to examine the moderating effect of locus of control on stressor-strain relationships. A factor analysis of the faculty stressors revealed six factors: recognition, perceived organizational practices, factors intrinsic to teaching, financial inadequacy, home/work interface, and new challenge. A series of stepwise multiple regressions demonstrated that recognition, perceived organizational practices, and financial inadequacy were best predictors of job satisfaction, whereas perceived organizational practices and home/work interface were the best predictors of psychological distress. Further, external locus of control was associated with low job satisfaction and psychological distress. A series of hierarchical moderated regressions demonstrated a moderating effect of locus of control on some of the stressor-strain relationships.     

角色压力源对教师生理健康与心理健康的影响

首先,对角色压力源量表在中国文化背景下的适用性进行了检验,6所学校586份调查问卷的探索性因素分析和内部一致性分析表明,角色压力源问卷具有较好的效度和信度;7所学校612份调查问卷的验证性因素分析进一步验证了角色压力源问卷的效度和信度。然后,利用7所学校612份有效数据,采用层次回归分析考察了角色压力源与教师生理健康、心理健康的关系,结果表明:角色压力源对教师的生理健康与心理健康有显著的负向影响。     

Occupational Stressors, Stress Responses, and Alcohol Consumption Among Professional Firefighters: A Prospective, Longitudinal Analysis

This dual-site longitudinal prospective study monitored and measured change in self-reported occupational stressors, emotional trauma, symptoms of stress, and alcohol consumption in urban firefighters. Study participants were 188 firefighters employed by two urban fire departments. The results showed that of 19 occupational stressors examined, only 5 (26%) changed significantly over time, and of those 5, only two—job skill concerns and concerns regarding reduction in force and benefits—decreased, reflecting less bothersome subjective ratings. Of the 12 measures of posttraumatic and other symptoms of stress, 9 (75%) increased significantly over time and none decreased significantly, whereas alcohol consumption was stable over time. Job stressors, trauma caseness, and stress response symptoms at baseline were strongly and significantly associated with the same measures at the two-year follow-up. The implications of the findings for prevention and remediation of stress disorders in fire service personnel are considered. It can be concluded that the stressful nature of urban firefighting is significantly associated with negative health outcomes, including the potential overreliance on alcohol use.