诺贝尔生理学或医学奖美国获得者学术条件背景分析

在诺贝尔生理学或医学奖105年的历史中,美国分别占了颁奖年度的52.08%,获奖成果的44.87%,获奖人数的48.91%.形成这些科学家学术优势积累和美国国家科技竞争优势的学术条件背景是:适宜的宏观政策,充足的经费投入,成功的人才政策,根本的教育改革和创新的科技管理.     

先天性心脏病临床决策中的几个问题

医学知识是以前的医学家在治病救人的过程中,不断地积累经验,逐渐形成的有条理的治疗疾病的方法.哲学的辩证思维为临床医学提供了一般方法论.本文介绍了在先天性心脏病诊断治疗的临床决策中应用辩证思维的体会,以便于提高诊治水平,既抓住疾病的一般规律,又不要忘记疾病的特殊性.     

论霍妮神经症理论的人本主义倾向

霍妮神经症理论是对真实自我异化成长模式的探索,真实自我是霍妮神经症理论的逻辑起点。霍妮通过对真实自我是潜能状态的规定及自我实现的理论探索,自发地展现了其浓厚的人本主义倾向。     

Neurosis and War: A Problem in Human Behavior

A factor analysis of 744 students' social desirability ratings for 95 questionnaire items yielded nine factors of behavioral values, eight of which were considered reliable. The questionnaire was comprised of the universe of responses given by an earlier sample of subjects to the incomplete sentence stems, “I would be ashamed of myself if …” and “I am proud of myself when ….” Thus, the items were not preselected on any theoretical basis, but were established empirically as the stated behavioral values of a group of college students. The resulting factors suggested an organization of values that distinguishes between competence and moral values, between personal and interpersonal values, and between subject and object values.     

Rorschach Correlates of Traumatic Neurosis of War

Only two cases out of a total population of 1500 military men evacuated from a war zone with psychiatric diagnoses were found to be suffering from traumatic neurosis. The Rorschach protocols of these two cases are presented and discussed within Kardiner's theoretical framework. Despite diverse social, educational, and occupational backgrounds these two Ss produced markedly similar protocols illustrating how in traumatic neurosis projective stimuli may serve as releasors for the abreactive repetition of the trauma as seen in highly charged responses which are affect-laden, violent, phobic and sometimes psychotic-like in nature.     

Psychoanalysis and the Family Neurosis by Martin Grotjahn

Abstract

This study examined the factor structure and validity of the Therapeutic Factors Inventory-Short Form (TFI-S), a measure originally developed to assess Yalom’s eleven conceptually derived therapeutic factors. Patients in a group-oriented day treatment program (n = 174) completed the TFI-S and other measures to assess concurrent and predictive validity. Four broad therapeutic factors were identified: Instillation of Hope, Secure Emotional Expression, Awareness of Interpersonal Impact, and Social Learning. Alpha coefficients ranged from .71 to .91. Significant correlations between the TFI-S factors and Group Climate Questionnaire subscales provided preliminary evidence for the concurrent validity of the TFI S. Significant relationships were also identified between the TFI-S factors and improvement in symptoms, quality of life, and interpersonal distress at the end of treatment, suggesting that the TFI-S may have predictive validity.     

霍妮神经症理论述评

依照神经症演进的心理历程为线索,从神经症的起因、人际策略、心理内防御策略、最终表现和治疗五个方面系统论述了霍妮的神经症理论,并在此基础上指出,霍妮的神经症理论是对弗洛依德思想的批判继承,其理论影响力、应用性正受到应有的关注.     

霍妮神经症理论述评

依照神经症演进的心理历程为线索,从神经症的起因、人际策略、心理内防御策略、最终表现和治疗五个方面系统论述了霍妮的神经症理论,并在此基础上指出,霍妮的神经症理论是对弗洛依德思想的批判继承,其理论影响力、应用性正受到应有的关注。     

The Efficacy of Group Therapy in a Case of Marriage Neurosis

Abstract

Corruptogenic organizational dynamics have been largely ignored in reporting about recent corporate scandals. Using a large group framework, the author identifies factors within an organization that create a breeding ground for unethical or illegal behavior and attract individuals unconsciously looking for ways to damage themselves or others. An organizational culture that promotes questionable attitudes and behaviors along with subgroups that produce powerful corruptive forces can destroy a firm and damage the economy. Enron and the Madoff investment group are identified as corruptogenic organizations put together by founders and a leadership core bent on self-destruction and traumatizing the community–outcomes beyond that which are usually linked to greed. Suggestions are provided to organizational consultants and policy makers as to how to determine the potential for corruption hidden in their midst and to implement countervailing structures and processes.     

Factors Associated with Perceived Cognitive Problems in Children and Adolescents with Congenital Heart Disease

The objective of the present study was to assess demographic and disease-specific factors associated with perceived cognitive problems in children and adolescents with heart disease. 246 children with congenital heart disease ages 8–18 years and their parents completed the Cognitive Problems Scale of the Pediatric Quality of Life Inventory Cardiac Module. The 5-item Cognitive Problems Scale assesses school-related cognitive problems including attention and memory from the perspective of the child and parent. Multiple linear regression analysis was conducted with demographic variables and disease-specific factors entered as independent variables and perceived cognitive problems as the dependent variable. Socioeconomic status (SES) and cardiac disease severity were significantly associated with parent proxy-reported cognitive problems (p < .05). None of the demographic or disease-specific variables were significantly associated with child self-reported cognitive problems. In conclusion, our data suggest that assessment of perceived cognitive problems in children and adolescents with greater disease severity and from lower SES homes may facilitate early identification of children who need formal evaluation and interventions to address cognitive impairments.     

Mental Health and the Prevention of Neurosis by Joachim Flescher

The authors argue that instead of adopting the traditional view that defenses are the “enemy” that impedes therapeutic work, it is generally valuable to conceptualize defense mechanisms as “solutions” to specific intrapsychic or interpersonal conflicts. As such, the defenses offer significant clues to understanding the problems that they presumably alleviate. In the therapy group, the goal of uncovering and interpreting defenses is complicated by the complexity of the source of the defensive operations, either emanating from within the individual patient, the group-as-a-whole, or the group therapist's own countertransference. The group leader must be aware of the three dimensions of defense in order to assist the patients in understanding the effects of their defensive style in both gaining and losing what is sought, promoting insight into the historical incidents that led to the particular defenses, and, finally, facilitating the development of more effective defensive structures.