行政职业能力倾向测验:历史、现状与未来研究

经过二十多年的发展,行政职业能力倾向测验已经成为公务员考试中不可缺少的测评工具之一。在实践发展中,行测内外部的变化引发了许多研究问题。然而,现有研究的广度和深度都较为有限。为了提高行测的科学化水平,该文指出未来亟需从以下方面开展研究:(1)借鉴认知诊断理论对各个题型进行研究;(2)测量结构的确立;(3)分级分类考试的架构设计;(4)新题型开发;(5)分数合成;(6)试题公平性等。     

视觉搜索相关理论研究的历史、现状与未来

近年来对视觉搜索的研究众多,其中由Treisman和她的同事最早提出的特征整合理论(FIT)在过去的30年中一直扮演着重要的角色,其间也有很多学者对此现象提出了不同的理论及模型。本文简单回顾了有关这一现象的历史并对其最新进展做了概要介绍,最后就这一现象的未来做了行为科学和认知神经科学方面的展望。     

美国学校心理学的发展、现状和未来

本文通过大量翔实的资料,从历史发展的角度,详细论述了美国学校心理学的诞生过程及其影响因素;全面介绍了美国学校心理学家的训练模式和课程设置情况;阐述了学校心理学家的角色功能及其发展历程。对过去和当前学校心理学家的职责范围和工作性质进行了分析和说明。作者认为,学校心理学是心理学家在社会需要的基础上将心理学理论应用于社会实践的结果,它不是一门科学或学科．而是一种职业、行业或专业．学校心理学必将有更大的发展．     

中国心理学的过去、现在与未来

该文对中国心理学的过去作了回顾,就其现在的状况进行了分析,还展望了它的未来发展。在这三个方面,都各自做出了某些有益的概括。     

心理学质性研究：历史、现状和展望

心理学质性研究具有漫长的过去,却只有短暂的历史。心理学自诞生起就具有质性研究传统,但被主流所忽视。从组织机构、出版渠道和研究成果方面看,当前国内外心理学质性研究的发展态势暗示质性研究传统正在回归到主流当中。尽管仍存在误解和急功近利等众多问题和困难需要克服,但是心理学质性研究方法在研究复杂心理现象和产生新的概念、新的理论方面展现了潜力。心理学质性研究的复兴正使心理学处于一个多元化转向的阶段。     

哲学教育的历史、现状与未来

哲学具有三种基本形态,除了论坛哲学、讲坛哲学之外,还有实践哲学,亦即人们在日常生活中实际所奉行的哲学（“伦常日用之道”）。哲学研究也好,哲学教育也罢,都需要通过实践哲学产生效力,从而在日常生活中发生作用。就此而言,哲学本身确具有教育（“教化”）功能（“无用大用之用”）。只不过哲学教育是相对于哲学研究而言的,讲坛哲学是相...     

华严学研究的历史、现状与未来

华严学是当代佛学研究的重要领域,在国际上拥有举足轻重的地位,但国内学术界对此尚未予以充分重视。本文通过对学术史的回顾,系统阐述了华严学的研究对象与方法,重点说明了其价值和意义,指出中国是华严学的故乡,华严对中国佛教乃至中国古代思想文化都有重要影响,华严学研究应视为传统文化研究的一部分。华严学是中印两大文明交汇的产物,围绕着华严信仰形成了丰富多彩的典籍和思想,华严信仰的传播与发展充分体现了古代文明在丝绸之路上的传播路径。推动华严学研究对于古典学研究、区域与国别研究有重要意义。华严信仰在我国藏地也有一定影响,推动华严研究对发掘藏传佛教文化也有积极意义。     

体育运动心理学的历史与现状

<正> 体育运动心理学是心理学的基本理论在各种技能水平的体育和运动方面的运用,是心理科学中较年轻的分枝学科之一。它是随着心理科学和体育科学的发展,适应体育运动竞赛的需要而产生的一门体育学科的基础学科和应用学科。 这门学科在第二次世界大战之前尚处于萌芽状态和初创阶段。在那个时期,苏联的     

美国宗教心理学研究的历史、现状与问题

在回顾美国宗教心理学发展历史的基础上,分析了美国宗教心理学研究的现状,并从中揭示出美国宗教心理学研究存在的问题。美国的宗教心理学经历了兴起、衰落、复兴的曲折发展过程。宗教观念、宗教体验、宗教行为系美国宗教心理学研究的基本维度,宗教同人格和心理健康的关系在美国宗教心理学研究中处于突出地位。两支研究队伍（心理学背景的宗教心理学研究者和宗教学背景的宗教心理学研究者）的分歧及心理学取向的研究者在研究方法方面的分歧,是美国宗教心理学研究值得重视的问题。     

进化心理学：心理科学的未来发展

“Evolutionary psychology is an approach to psychology, in which knowledge and principles from evolutionary biology are put to use in research on the structure of the human mind” (Cosmides & Tooby, 2001, p.1). The approach can be used to study and to provide broad theoretical framing of nearly all of the     

论心理咨询中的价值观

在心理咨询中,咨询者的价值观是一个核心问题。就目前来看,价值观的处理方式有：价值中立、价值澄清、价值评判、价值归因和价值引导。在此基础上提出,价值参与应因来访者情况的不同而不同。     

Career perspectives of male prison inmates in college courses

The article presents a profile of college-attending prison inmates' personality and vocational interests based on Holland's theory of careers and an assessment of their attitudes that are critical in realistic career decision-making.     

Informed by the ancients: Norse mythology and psychotherapy

The myth of Kvasir is presented, in part. Through hermeneutic discourse, a case is made that the ancient Norseman had an understanding of the psychotherapeutic arts which finds parallel in contemporary thought. The myth evidences the distinction between: (1) the offering of needed information; and (2) the facilitation of personal, growth-oriented exploration. In contemporary terms, this is the distinction sometimes drawn beween "counseling" and "psychotherapy", respectively. More thorough and careful exegesis of the myth reveals the ubiquitous importance of the personhood of the therapist. It is through the "person of the therapist" that the therapeutic techniques are given life. The ancient wisdom contained in the myth of Kvasir may server as inspiration and guidance for the contemporary psychotherapist.     

Outcomes of Parent Education Programs Based on Reevaluation Counseling

We report two studies in which a parent education program based on Reevaluation Counseling was field-tested on mothers randomly assigned to treatment groups or equivalent, no-treatment comparison groups. The goal was to evaluate the program's viability, whether there were measurable effects, whether those effects were sustained over time, and whether the program was effective among diverse populations. The first study involved middle income, married mothers (n = 25) with at least one child younger than age five. Eleven members of the no-treatment group participated in the program three months later. Pretest, posttest, and follow-up measures included a parental attitude survey and a parenting stress index. The second study involved 18 black mothers with children enrolled in Head Start. Six members of the no-treatment group participated in the program two months later. Added to the pretest, posttest, and follow-up measures were a parent attitude research instrument and a parenting practices questionnaire. Results were replicated within and across studies. Significant effects suggest that the program can reduce parenting-related stress, improve parental attitudes, and encourage authoritative parenting practices, although some effects tend to diminish somewhat over time. The program appears viable with mothers of various social status groups.     

Influence of occupational information giving on cognitive complexity in decided versus undecided students

Some research in the area of vocational counseling has focused on information-processing variables of subjects, such as the cognitive complexity-simplicity dimension. Because much vocational counseling consists of giving occupational information to the client, researchers have investigated the effect of information giving on the processing styles of subjects. Bodden and James (Journal of Counseling Psychology, 23, 280–282, 1976) found that giving occupational information to subjects caused them to become more cognitively restricted; they concluded that the practice of giving occupational information in counseling should be reexamined. The present study attempts to replicate that work while additionally controlling for the decided/undecided status of the subjects. Ninety-three subjects were administered the Career Decision Scale and the Cognitive Differentiation Grid at pretest. Subjects were then randomly assigned to the experimental-information condition or the control-no-information condition and were tested 48 hr later on the Cognitive Differentiation Grid. No significant differences were found between decideds and undecideds as a result of vocational information that they were given, and the results failed to replicate the Bodden and James (1976) findings. Implications of the results are discussed and further necessary research is specified.     

A Review of North American Selection Procedures: Canada and the United States of America

This article reviews North American selection procedures used to make employment decisions (hiring, promotion, training, layoff and demotion) within public and private organizations in Canada and the United States of America. We present the conclusions of several surveys of selection practices including those conducted by the International Personnel Management Association and the American Management Association. We summarize the literature on assessment centers, biodata, computerized assessment, education and experience criteria, individual assessment, education and experience criteria, individual assessment, integrity testing, interviews, job knowledge tests, physical and psychomotor tests and written tests. We also describe selection procedures being used for a variety of occupations from Air Traffic Controller to Telephone Operator. We conclude by describing future trends in personnel assessment in North America and predict greater collaborative research efforts between our two countries.     

A Study of Religiosity and Psychological Well-being Among African Americans: Implications for Counseling and Psychotherapeutic Processes

This study examined whether a relationship exists between religious orientation as a therapy intervention and the degree of depression, coping behavior and self-esteem among African American adults. In addition, the relationship and predictive power of selected religious and socio-demographic variables and religious orientation as a therapy intervention were studied. African American adults were randomly selected to participate in this empirical study. Age had a significant independent effect on intrinsic religiosity and extrinsic religiosity and a linear relationship was found between extrinsic religiosity and the seven demographic predictor variables at the .05 level of significance.     

Empirical derivation of SVIB-Holland scales and conversion tables

Significant relationships between the Holland Vocational Preference Inventory (VPI) and the Strong Vocational Interest Blank (SVIB) were again empirically demonstrated in this study, and conversion equations were developed to use standard scores of SVIB scales, rather than items, to produce estimates of VPI scores. Cross validation on a limited population yielded supportive evidence that these conversion equations can provide meaningful VPI estimates from SVIB scale scores. The need for validation across a variety of populations was underscored in order to assess further generalizability of these findings.