英国健康战略的特点及启示

介绍了英国健康战略的出台背景、战略愿景、目标、优先发展领域和具体的行动计划,在此基础上总结了英国健康战略实施过程的基本特点与经验,并提出了对我国制定和实施“健康中国2020”战略的相关启示。     

加拿大健康战略及其启示

介绍了加拿大健康战略出台的背号、战略愿景、目标、优先发展领域和具体的行动计划,在此基础上总结了加拿大健康战略实施过程的基本特点与经验,并结合我国的实际情况,提出了我国制定和实施“健康中国2020”战略的相关政策建议。     

美国健康战略及启示

介绍了美国健康战略出台的背景,并重点介绍了美国“健康公民2010”战略的目标、优先领域、主要健康指标以及相应的行动计划,比较了美国“健康公民2000”和“健康公民2010”的异同,在此基础上总结了美国健康战略发展的基本特点与经验,并提出了对我国制定和实施“健康中国2020”战略的启示。     

美国、英国和加拿大健康战略的比较分析

美国、英国和加拿大三国均为发达国家,也是世界上最早开展健康战略研究的几个国家。通过比较美国、英国和加拿大三国的基本卫生状况、健康战略的内容和发展过程,在此基础上,分析了三个国家在制定和实施健康战略过程中的做法与经验,为制定和完善“健康中国2020”战略提出了相关的建议。     

居民健康指标体系研究

健康指标体系是居民健康状况和卫生服务系统能力建设的评价工具,也是制定健康战略与卫生规划的基本指南。基于国内外健康指标体系研究的基本情况,系统回顾和分析了健康相关指标体系的发展与应用状况,并总结了主要启示,以期为我国制定健康发展战略提供决策依据。     

诺曼底登陆战前的惑敌之计

1943年12月,苏、美、英三国首脑在德黑兰会议上通过了在欧洲开辟第二战场的决议,决定1944年在法国北部实施“霸王行动计划”。美、英任命美陆军上将艾森豪威尔为盟军远征军最高司令．开始着手制定登陆作战计划。最后,确定1944年6月5日在法国的诺曼底地区登陆(由于气候的因素,最后实际登陆时间是6月6日)。     

健康发展战略与卫生服务体系的整合

首先界定了健康发展战略与卫生服务体系.健康发展战略体现在两个方面,一是国家政治层面的健康观,发达国家往往通过立法的方式固定下来;二是国家健康行动纲领.健康观是项层设计,行动纲领是整体规划,卫生服务体系是布局设计.我国目前在健康发展战略和卫生服务体系两者之间缺乏协调和整合的种种表现及其原因,主要在于健康发展战略的不完善.要根据"科学发展观",抓住改革的契机,建立和完善国家健康发展的顶层设计,并连贯性地制定健康行动纲领,有计划地设计和变革现有的卫生服务体系.     

健康发展战略与卫生服务体系的整合

首先界定了健康发展战略与卫生服务体系。健康发展战略体现在两个方面，一是国家政治层面的健康观，发达国家往往通过立法的方式固定下来；二是国家健康行动纲领。健康观是顶层设计，行动纲领是整体规划，卫生服务体系是布局设计。我国目前在健康发展战略和卫生服务体系两者之间缺乏协调和整合的种种表现及其原因，主要在于健康发展战略的不完善。要根据“科学发展观”，抓住改革的契机，建立和完善国家健康发展的顸层设计，并连贯性地制定健康行动纲领，有计划地设计和变革现有的卫生服务体系。     

从欧盟委员会的报告看欧盟的妇女政策

本文从欧盟委员会 2 0世纪 90年代以来的报告 ,分析欧盟妇女政策的投向 ,注重提高妇女的经济地位 ,致力于妇女同等的就业机会和同工同酬 ,并提出与欧洲妇女的政治权利和性权利相比 ,她们的经济权利相对缺乏 ,这是欧盟妇女政策倾斜的根本原因 ,也是北京世界妇女大会的成果之一     

长征时期党对西北回民区民众的组织动员

正长征时期,中国共产党和红军为了胜利进军陕北,高度重视对西北回民区民众的组织动员工作,从政治、思想、组织和生活等方面积极争取回民的支持和拥护。这些卓有成效的组织动员工作,为红军完成战略大转移,开创中国革命的新局面做出了重要贡献,为制定系统完备的少数民族政策提供了可靠的理论和实践依据。一、组织动员西北回民区民众的必要性和紧迫性     

Book reviews

Michael Durrant and Cheryl White (eds), Ideas for Therapy with Sexual Abuse
Alan Jenkins, Invitations To Responsibility: The Therapeutic Engagement of Men who are Violent and Abusive
Ellen S. Amatea, Brief Strategic Intervention for School Behaviour Problems
Derald Wing Sue and David Sue, Counselling the Culturally Different – Theory and Practice
Donna Smith, Stepmothering
Moncrieff Cochran, Mary Larner, David Riley, Lars Gunnarsson and Charles R. Henderson Jr, Extending Families: The Social Networks of Parents and Their Children
Jeffrey A. Kottler, On Being a Therapist
Anthony Williams, Forbidden Agendas, Strategic Action in Groups
David J. Moultrup, Husbands, Wives and Lovers: The Emotional System of the Extramarital Affair     

Applying the Interactive Systems Framework to the Dissemination and Adoption of National and State Recommendations for Hypertension

The Centers for Disease Control and Prevention (CDC), Division for Heart Disease and Stroke Prevention (DHDSP), commissioned an Institute of Medicine (IOM) report to identify the highest priority action areas for CDC, state health departments, and other public health partners in their efforts to reduce and control hypertension. To assess the dissemination and adoption of the IOM report recommendations, DHDSP developed an evaluation based on the Interactive Systems Framework for Dissemination and Implementation (ISF). The evaluation incorporates data collection at critical points across 3 years. In this article, we focus on the ISF systems to describe the role of funded state partners and their relationship with CDC in implementing public health recommendations. We describe baseline results for three data collection activities: (1) key informant interviews, (2) a Web‐based survey, and (3) content analysis of state workplans to determine the degree of alignment with IOM recommendations. For example, currently 30 % of surveyed programs are implementing most (or all) of the recommendations in the IOM report, however 76 % intend to change hypertension program priorities based on the recommendations of the IOM report. Qualitative data suggest that there are several facilitators and barriers in implementing public health policy recommendations. DHDSP will use these baseline results to provide additional technical assistance and support to state health departments in their efforts to implement the IOM report's recommendations. Special Issue: Advances in Bridging Research and Practice Using the Interactive System Framework for Dissemination and Implementation; Guest Editors: Abraham Wandersman, Paul Flaspohler, Catherine A. Lesesne, Richard Puddy; Action Editor: Emilie Phillips Smith     

Medical education in a community model of care: The future of medical education in a large academic community hospital

Profound changes in the practice of medicine have led to new demands on the profession and on the process of medical education. In recognition of the expanded role of a physician as a professional responsible for the welfare of individuals, Lehigh Valley Hospital has developed an ambitious, innovative Strategic Plan for Education. The plan entitled, Medical Education in a Community Model of Care, emphasizes the organizational importance of education in the hospital's achievement of its mission of community service. The Strategic Plan for Education is community focused. In addition to its primary role of serving its local community, the plan is intended as a educational model for organizations in other parts of the country.Preparation of this paper was supported by a grant from the Dorothy Rider Pool Health Care Trust.     

Compliance,coercion, and compassion: Moral dimensions of the return of tuberculosis

Since 1986, we have seen a rise in the occurrence of tuberculosis in the United States. Long considered defeated in this country, the disease is returning with distressing vigor. Outbreaks of MDR-TB, tuberculosis resistant to more than one medication, have been reported around the country. This article analyzes the Centers for Disease Control and Prevention's National Action Plan to Combat Multidrug-Resistant Tuberculosis, with particular focus on the moral dimensions of mandatory directly observed treatment (DOT) and involuntary quarantine. It is proposed that a moral response to the control of tuberculosis must be one which is sustainable and which can effectively curtail the spread of the disease at a minimal cost to individual rights.     

Implementation intention and planning interventions in Health Psychology: Recommendations from the Synergy Expert Group for research and practice

The current article details a position statement and recommendations for future research and practice on planning and implementation intentions in health contexts endorsed by the Synergy Expert Group. The group comprised world-leading researchers in health and social psychology and behavioural medicine who convened to discuss priority issues in planning interventions in health contexts and develop a set of recommendations for future research and practice. The expert group adopted a nominal groups approach and voting system to elicit and structure priority issues in planning interventions and implementation intentions research. Forty-two priority issues identified in initial discussions were further condensed to 18 key issues, including definitions of planning and implementation intentions and 17 priority research areas. Each issue was subjected to voting for consensus among group members and formed the basis of the position statement and recommendations. Specifically, the expert group endorsed statements and recommendations in the following areas: generic definition of planning and specific definition of implementation intentions, recommendations for better testing of mechanisms, guidance on testing the effects of moderators of planning interventions, recommendations on the social aspects of planning interventions, identification of the preconditions that moderate effectiveness of planning interventions and recommendations for research on how people use plans.     

Children's action-control behaviors (coping): A longitudinal validation of the behavioral inventory of strategic control

Abstract

Integrating multi-axial models with an action-theory perspective, we propose that children's coping strategies vary along four dimensions of strategic behavioral control: Direct Action, Indirect Action, Prosocial Action, and Antisocial Action. The Behavioral Inventory of Strategic Control (BISC) assesses these four general dimensions of strategic control. We contrast these four axial dimensions with six specific strategic combinations: Avoidance (Indirect-Antisocial), Emotional Support Seeking (Indirect-Prosocial), Social Exploitation (Indirect-Antisocial), Social Cooperation (Direct-Prosocial), Aggressive Individualism (Direct-Antisocial) and Hostility (Indirect-Antisocial). In a short-term longitudinal study (three occasions over four months) of 318 children (grades 2–6), we examined the validity of the BISC, showing that the hypothesized dimensional structure of children's strategic control behavior was strongly supported.     

An evaluation of counselling and rehabilitation courses for Chronic Fatigue Syndrome

The aim of the current study was to evaluate the services offered by Action for ME to sufferers of Chronic Fatigue Syndrome using measures developed and validated in previous research. Preliminary studies had suggested that clients attending rehabilitation residential courses were benefiting from the service. A further, more in‐depth evaluation process with a greater number of health‐related outcome measures was warranted. In addition, assessment was widened to include other services offered to sufferers of the illness. Data relating to the usefulness and success of the services (rated by the clients) were also collected. Data from client volunteers were collected at baseline (that is, before intervention) and approximately six months later. Quantitative comparative analyses were conducted using within‐group comparisons to assess any improvements in scores at six‐month follow‐up from baseline. Fifty‐six participants completed wide‐ranging questionnaires assessing illness history, psychopathology, psychosocial factors and health and well‐being. Data relating to improvements in illness status and acceptability of treatment were also collected by means of global outcome measures. Both the counselling and residential groups showed improvements in many areas assessed at follow‐up. Most importantly, improvements were indicated in areas such as fatigue and the levels of disability suffered by patients. In addition, there were significant improvements in ratings of mood, anxiety, depression and physical symptoms. Overall, clients reported satisfaction with the care received and most found the services useful. All of the participants who completed the evaluation stated that they would recommend Action for ME services to fellow sufferers. The outcome of the current study is encouraging. The data presented provides evidence of the high level of support and advice Action for ME offers to sufferers of this illness. Furthermore, measurable improvements in scores relating to illness status were accompanied by improvements in mental health and psychosocial variables in the patient group.