Paths and Pitfalls

SUMMARY

In up to two million couples ever married, one spouse has disclosed or may disclose being gay, lesbian, or bisexual. An increasing number of spouses are coming out, yet the phenomenon remains little known. Disclosing spouses generally find supporting organizations, while their heterosexual spouses find little support or understanding of their issues. Isolated, most cope alone. Dealing with sexual rejection, the challenge to the marriage, and, if they have children, spouse/parent conflicts is followed by handling questions about their own identity, integrity, and belief system. This piece describes issues that heterosexual spouses typically face and stages through which they move from survival to reconfiguring their lives whether or not they stay married. Peer support helps this process that lasts several years or more. Knowledge about spouse's concerns assists therapists working with spouses to help them resolve potentially paralyzing pain, anger, grief, or fear.     

协商民主的路径——公共权力制约的民主选择

协商民主理论主张以沟通、交往的理性实践观来实现公民主体与权力主体的平等交流,强调通过讨论、交流、对话等方式培养交往主体的公共理性精神,实现政治民主.协商民主以理性对话的柔性机制,创新了对公共权力制约的民主形式,符合当代中国政治民主化转型时期社会稳定的需要,可以作为政治民主化改革的重要路径.     

中国城市化道路的两种路径--兼论社会主义新农村建设

本文提出要改变农村向城市转移人口的单一路径的城市化思路,代之以移地式城市化与就地武城市化相结合的两种路径.这两种路径从全国范围看,应当同时推进,共同发展;从城市化的长期趋势看,应以移地式城市化为主导.就地式城市化也是建设社会主义新农村的重要路径.分析了移地式城市化与就地式城市化的基本内涵和辩证关系,提出了移地式城市化与就地式城市化的政策导向.     

The Dual Paths of Healthy Relationships

SUMMARY

This article is a case study on the impossibility of the therapist not having unconscious needs and conflicts, coupled with lifelong presumptions, opinions and beliefs, influence every aspect of dealing with patients. The purpose of training, supervision and personal psychotherapy is to create an awareness of these dynamics, always keeping them on the front burner of awareness. The following are some prejudices and firmly held beliefs     

公共生活发生的路径

近代以来的领域分化是由家庭发端的.家庭功能的分化,现代家庭对传统家庭的取代,为近代社会的出现做好了准备.在此基础上,日常生活、私人生活与公共生活才得以各自生成.对这一过程,乌托邦思想家有着高度的敏觉,看到了"公"与"私"开始出现的矛盾,因此,他们多有废除家庭的不切实际的想法."公"与"私"的矛盾最终是在现代政治建构中得到化解的,是在"代议制"中得以调和的.当人们找到了"公共利益"形成的途径时,实际上也找到了建构公共生活的方式.但是,今天的公共生活还流于形式,只是朝着实质性公共生活过渡的准备.     

论文化研究的三大渊源与三条路径

本组文章为"文化哲学视野下的符号--从卡西尔出发"研讨会会议论文.在本组文章中,各位作者就符号文化哲学以及卡西尔哲学的特征及贡献进行了探讨.邴正讨论了现代文化研究的三大渊源和三条路径,陆杰荣讨论了文化哲学的现实功能,石福祁讨论了卡西尔符号哲学的得失,霍桂桓讨论了卡西尔在文化哲学研究中的地位,邹广文对卡西尔<语言与神话>在文化哲学中的影响,李鹏程对卡西尔符号哲学的哲学史意义进行了分析.     

Another Look at Reputational Paths and Case Studies

Two studies are reported on effects of salience of identity (personal or group), comparison of performance (individual or intergroup), and dispositional self-esteem on originality of thinking. Study 1, with 169 participants, had a measure of algorithm use as the dependent variable. Significant main effect interactive effects of the predictors on algorithm use were observed. The second study had 369 participants, and a dependent measure of rated originality (novelty) of individuals' problem-solving ideas. A statistically significant three-way interaction of identity salience, comparison type, and self-esteem was observed on the originality scores. The pattern of the results across the two studies is interpreted as indicating dispositional differences in how specific situational influences on identity affect inclination toward use of algorithmic versus original problem-solving approaches. Both theoretical and applied implications of the results are offered.     

Paths to community empowerment: Organizing at home

This study examines how low-income minority communities build on their strengths to improve material conditions and how these actions lead to further empowerment at the individual and group level, and increase engagement with civic life. Based on earlier qualitative research, low-income limited equity housing co-ops were chosen as research. Using quantitative questionnaire data, a path model was tested in which variables were organized into four levels.Level One: Attributes of the person and the context were conceptualized asexogenous variables leading to activities first at the co-op level.Level Two:co-op activities were thought to affect living conditions in the building and evaluations of co-op ownership, which comprisedLevel Three,quality of life in the building. All preceding levels were thought to influenceempowerment, as measured atLevel Four through an attitudinal measure of empowerment, and reported participation in civic activities in the broader community. The model, which emphasizes the collective and material nature of empowerment in addition to the psychological, seems justified by the data. It is especially significant that the aggregate measure of perceived participation of others predicted building quality, and that the aggregate measure of building quality went on to influence empowerment and voting behavior. Personal participation in building activities also proved a good predictor of empowerment, indicating that empowerment operates at both the individual and the group level. Furthermore, increased empowerment at the level of attitude did influence civic activities, in conjunction with personal characteristics and perceived neighborhood qualities. (Tests of causality in the opposite direction were not significant.) Our findings confirm the importance of all three components of empowerment, as articulated by Zimmerman and his colleagues (1992), that is, empowerment at the psychological, interactional, and behavioral level. It extends the conceptualization by introducing the group level of analysis. We thank the Robert F. Wagner Sr. Center for Urban Public Policy at the City University of New York Graduate School and University Center and the Fund for the City of New York for early support and the Edna McConnell Clark Foundation for current support. We acknowledge the invaluable participation in the original project of Heléne Clark, Eric Glunt, Bill Roane, and April Tyler. We also thank the anonymous reviewers and the editor for their helpful and extremely thorough comments and suggestions.