商业虚拟现实游戏在心理学中的应用与展望

虚拟现实游戏结合了虚拟现实技术和电子游戏的特征,可以作为干预和训练手段,用于改善人们的心理状态和认知能力表现。虚拟现实游戏可分为严肃游戏和商业游戏。严肃游戏对人们心理和行为的影响,已有较多研究。而使用商业游戏进行的心理学研究目前还并不多。本文回顾了商业虚拟现实游戏在运动健康、认知训练,及心理干预等领域中的研究发现。然而,影响商业虚拟现实游戏在心理学中应用的因素以及干预效果,还有待进一步的研究。     

虚拟现实技术在城市广场设计中的应用

城市建设中现代信息技术的应用越来越广泛,虚拟现实技术在城市广场设计中的应用也越来越成熟。在这样的时代背景下,虚拟现实技术的应用价值逐渐凸显,其研究也更趋深入,有助于实现城市规划、城市设计、城市景观设计、城市建筑设计等多方面的统筹应用,助力现代城市的创新发展。随着信息技术的创新研发,虚拟现实技术功能也更为强大,因此,关于虚拟现实技术在城市设计中的应用也成为热门话题。文章主要对城市常规设计技术与虚拟现实技术进行对比,阐述了虚拟现实技术在城市广场设计中的应用优势,推动城市建设与发展。     

中国人整体性思维特征的情境评估法及其应用

创设了新的中国人思维特征的情境评估方法, 初步应用于整体性思维特征与创造力倾向关系的研究并对其信效度进行了检验。新评估法选取体现典型文化意境和中国人思维特征的成语谜语作为材料, 利用虚拟现实技术构建形与意、情境与语境相互转换的成语谜语文化园, 记录被试游览时即景说出的成语建立成语库, 并编码所录成语的思维特征类型以作为被试的整体性思维测量指标。基于测试数据的信效度分析表明整体性思维成语测试系统信效度表现良好。整体性思维与创造力倾向的相关分析表明, 整体性思维与创造力倾向中的好奇性显著负相关。研究首次证实了利用虚拟现实技术来重建传统文化情境以实现对中国人思维特征的情境评估的可行性, 提示基于虚拟现实技术的情境评估法在未来心理学相关研究中的应用价值。     

测谎研究的新进展

本文从测谎的GKT范式出发,将目光投向认知神经科学、反应时以及虚拟现实背景下测谎的新近研究,介绍了这些研究的成果及其存在的不足,并就问题范式、认知神经取向和多指标结合等测谎研究面临的问题进行了讨论。     

不连续虚拟现实空间中的再定向

虚拟空间的特点之一是具有不连续性, 即在无连接型建筑单元的情况下各个单体间可直接通达的特性。本研究对人在不连续的虚拟空间中的再定向能力进行了探究, 将人类空间再定向能力的研究从现实空间延伸到了虚拟空间, 并研究了人在不同虚拟现实设备中的行为表现差异。结果表明, 人在不连续的虚拟空间中能完成再定向任务, 而虚拟空间中建筑单元的几何信息对人在不连续虚拟空间中的再定向表现无显著影响, 但被试在桌面式虚拟现实中的成绩显著高于在头盔式虚拟现实中的成绩。这些结果表明了人对不连续的虚拟空间的适应性。     

虚拟现实暴露疗法在社交焦虑中的应用:效果、机制及展望

由于传统干预方法的诸多局限,虚拟现实暴露疗法(virtual reality exposure therapy,VRET)逐渐应用于对社交焦虑的干预,VRET是将虚拟现实技术与传统行为暴露治疗相结合而形成的一种新的干预方法。文章总结了VRET的三个发展阶段及其研究范式,述评了在VRET过程中的作用机制。未来研究可致力于设计更加自然的人机交互技术,实现技术与社交焦虑治疗的深度融合以及关注第三人称视角应用的作用及机制。     

焦虑障碍的虚拟现实暴露疗法研究述评

虚拟现实暴露疗法(VRET)是传统的行为疗法的一种转换形式, 也是经典的现实情境暴露疗法的替代性治疗形式。虚拟现实整合了即时计算机图形学、身体感觉传感、视觉成像技术, 给来访者提供近似真实的、可以沉浸(immersion)和交互作用的虚拟环境。研究者采用虚拟现实暴露疗法治疗幽闭恐怖症、恐高症、飞行恐怖症、创伤后应激障碍、惊恐障碍等焦虑障碍, 并且关注虚拟现实暴露疗法的认知机制以及心理生理机制。实验研究表明, 虚拟现实暴露疗法在治疗焦虑障碍时是有效的。被试经过治疗之后, 对情境的控制感和自我效能感提升, 消极自我评价降低, 对创伤事件的容忍力提高, 重新获得对情境的控制感。与心率指标相比, 皮肤电是预测虚拟现实暴露疗法治疗效果更好的指标。虚拟现实暴露疗法还处于实验验证阶段, 并没有应用到实际临床中, 需要更加规范的实验设计验证该疗法的认知机制以及心理生理机制。虚拟现实暴露疗法结合功能磁共振成像(FMRI)用于心理治疗, 会是未来发展的新方向。     

虚拟现实环境中存在感的产生及影响因素

虚拟现实环境中的存在感指个人感觉与虚拟刺激环境有关或参与的程度, 它是虚拟现实技术有效性的关键影响因素, 包括空间存在感、参与和真实性三个维度.具身存在和情感归因两类理论,以认知、情感为不同侧重点, 解释了存在感的产生机制.存在感通过自陈问卷并辅以电生理指标进行评估; 受使用者个体特征、情绪状态以及虚拟现实系统特征等因...     

虚拟现实技术在博物馆展示中的应用研究

探讨虚拟现实技术在博物馆展览设计中的应用,通过沉浸式体验方式深化参观者对历史文化的理解,促进知识传播和文化交流。通过系统地探讨虚拟现实技术在博物馆展示方面的应用模式和优势,旨在为观众提供更加生动、丰富的参观体验,并帮助他们更好地理解藏品信息和历史背景。     

虚拟现实购物网站的等级深度与宽度关系研究

为研究虚拟现实表征方式下,网上购物系统等级结构的宽度与深度特征对用户信息行为的影响,本文在实验室环境下研究了三种结构方式(8 6 1、16 3 1、4 4 3 1),结果初步发现:对于虚拟现实购物网站(或系统的虚拟现实表征方式),宽度的增加所带来的对用户信息搜索速度的损害大于深度的增加对用户信息搜索速度的损害,这与对二维表征方式下的既有研究结果相反;而且虚拟现实系统的8 6 1结构方式更容易带来用户的迷失。     

Construction of the Disciplinary,Academic, and Discourse Systems in the Contemporary Chinese Philosophy of Science and Technology: Retrospect and Prospect

A review of the decades of research shows that Chinese philosophy of science and technology, on the strength of carrying forward traditions and blazing new trails, has made progress in the construction of discipline system and development of institutions, teaching materials and periodicals, with deepening the discussion on discipline orientation. In academic system construction, driven by efforts to update the academic framework and deepen research on the philosophy of nature, philosophy of science, philosophy of technology, science, technology and society, as well as other traditional fields, achievements have been made in ethical reflections on high technology, engineering ethics, big data and artificial intelligence philosophy, responsible innovation and other emerging, frontier and crosscutting fields. In the construction of discourse system, work has been done to make China’s voice heard on the international stage, excavate and elucidate the excellent traditional Chinese culture, and build disciplines with Chinese characteristics. In short, the achievements of the Chinese philosophy of science and technology have not come easily. Though a diverse and dynamic academic pattern has been formed, and wonderful and unique Chinese discourse has been created, we still face some problems. To accelerate the construction of “Three Systems” of the philosophy of science and technology with Chinese characteristics by building on existing achievements, we should carry forward the tradition of dialectics of nature and strengthen the guidance of Marxism, consolidate the foundation of philosophy and support interdisciplinary interaction and cooperation, track the frontiers of science and technology, and pay attention to the social operation of science and technology.     

Technology Complementing Military Behavioral Health Efforts at Tripler Army Medical Center

The purpose of this article is to provide a short narrative on the ways that behavioral health professionals and their patients are currently benefitting from the use of technology. Examples stem from applications of technology to patients/research participants at the Tripler Army Medical Center. The paper also discusses how current use of this technology has made it possible to serve individuals in their own cultural environment, providing a cost-effective means of providing mental health services.     

西方消费者研究概述

消费者研究是近年来西方心理学应用研究中一个非常活跃的领域。在近 40年的发展中 ,消费者研究的范围不断扩大 ,数量不断增多 ,质量也不断提高。本文考察了西方消费者研究的发展趋势 ,对比了主要的消费者研究阵营 ,并通过对消费者研究中三个亚领域———社会认知、BDT和后现代消费者研究之间的差异和共同之处的探讨 ,强调了各领域之间有很大的合作空间。     

The Technology Effect: How Perceptions of Technology Drive Excessive Optimism

Purpose

We propose that constant exposure to advances in technology has resulted in an implicit association between technology and success that has conditioned decision makers to be overly optimistic about the potential for technology to drive successful outcomes. Three studies examine this phenomenon and explore the boundaries of this “technology effect.”

Design/Methodology/Approach

In Study 1, participants (N = 147) made simulated investment decisions where the information about technology was systematically varied. In Study 2 (N = 143), participants made decisions in a resource dilemma where technology was implicated in determining the amount of a resource available for harvest. Study 3 (N = 53 and N = 60) used two implicit association tests to examine the assumption that people associate technology with success.

Findings

Results supported our assumption about an implicit association between technology and success, as well as a “technology effect” bias in decision making. Signals of high performance trigger the effect, and the effect is more likely when the technology invoked is unfamiliar.

Implications

Excessive optimism that technology will result in success can have negative consequences. Individual investment decisions, organizational decisions to invest in R&D, and societal decisions to explore energy and climate change solutions might all be impacted by biased beliefs about the promise of technology.

Originality/Value

We are the first to systematically examine the optimistic bias in the technology effect, its scope, and boundaries. This research raises decision makers’ awareness and initiates research examining how the abstract notion of technology can influence perceptions of technological advances.

     

信息哲学与未来中国科技哲学的基础

The research programme of the philosophy of information (PI) proposed in 2002 made it an independent area or discipline in philosophical research. The scientific concept of ‘information’ is formally accepted in philosophical inquiry. Hence a new and tool-driven philosophical discipline of PI with its interdisciplinary nature has been established. Philosophy of information is an ‘orientative’ rather than ‘cognitive’ philosophy. When PI is under consideration in the history of Western philosophy, it can be regarded as a shift of large tradition. There are three large traditions at large, known as Platonic, Kantian and Leibniz-Russellian. In the discussion of the position of the possible worlds, we have modal Platonism and modal realism, but both of the theories are made in the framework of Western philosophy. In this essay, it is argued that possible worlds could be seen as worlds in information, which is then an interpretation of modal information theory (MIT). Our interpretation is made on the basis of Leibniz’s lifelong connection with China, a fact often overlooked by the Western philosophers. Possible world theory was influenced by the Neo-Confucianism flourishing since the Song Dynasty of China, the foundation of which is Yijing. It could be argued that Leibniz’s possible world theory was formulated in respect to the impact of the thoughts reflected in Yijing, in that one of the prominent features is the model-theoretic construction of theories. There are two approaches to theory construction, i.e., axiom-theoretic and model-theoretic. The origin of the former is from ancient Greece and the latter from ancient China. And they determined the different features of theoretic structures between the oriental and occidental traditions of science and technology. The tendency of the future development of science and technology is changing from the axiom-theoretic to the model-theoretic orientation, at least the two approaches being complementary each other. To some extent, this means the retrospective of tradition in the turning point of history, and some of the China’s cultural traditions might become the starting points in formulating the future Chinese philosophy of science and technology.     

Socio-ethical Education in Nanotechnology Engineering Programmes: A Case Study in Malaysia

The unique properties of nanotechnology have made nanotechnology education and its related subjects increasingly important not only for students but for mankind at large. This particular technology brings educators to work together to prepare and produce competent engineers and scientists for this field. One of the key challenges in nanotechnology engineering is to produce graduate students who are not only competent in technical knowledge but possess the necessary attitude and awareness toward the social and ethical issues related to nanotechnology. In this paper, a research model has been developed to assess Malaysian nanotechnology engineering students’ attitudes and whether their perspectives have attained the necesary objectives of ethical education throughout their programme of study. The findings from this investigation show that socio ethical education has a strong influence on the students’ knowledge, skills and attitudes pertaining to socio ethical issues related to nanotechnology.     

诺贝尔生理学或医学奖获得者科学素质分析

通过对诺贝尔生理学或医学奖184位获得者科学素质的形成过程中,高校学习经历、最高学位授予单位、教授首聘年龄与单位等可以量化的指标进行测度分析,发现他们具有超越一般人的多维度的科学素质,具有学术前沿的国际视野,能把握研究方向的社会意义。     

非工作时间连通行为对工作—家庭平衡满意度的影响研究：一个有调节的中介模型

工作-家庭平衡满意度（SWFB）这一新兴构念正日益受到学界关注,信息时代下的新工作特征——非工作时间连通行为对SWFB已产生不可忽视的影响。本文基于工作-家庭边界理论,探讨非工作时间连通行为对SWFB的影响机制。通过问卷调查了237份配对样本数据,结果表明：非工作时间连通行为负向预测SWFB,心理脱离中介了非工作时间连通行为与SWFB间关系;工作-家庭中心性调节了心理脱离在非工作时间连通行为与SWFB间的中介作用。     

印象整饰的测量及其在人力资源管理中的应用

印象整饰是一个人通过一定的方式影响别人形成对自己的印象的过程。近年来,印象整饰日益受到心理学、组织科学的关注,成为一个重要的研究变量。本文回顾了印象整饰的研究脉络,评介了4种印象整饰的测量工具,概述了印象整饰和人力资源管理关系的研究。对我国开展印象整饰方面的研究特别是组织中的应用提供了一些建议和思路。     

Developments in Research in Personality Assessment

Progress in personality research requires an adequate data analysis link between concepts of what people are like and observations of how they are likely to behave. Advances in computer technology have strengthened this link but also have made it necessary for investigators to be wary of lack of selectivity and trivialization in their research designs.