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1.
Andrea V. McPherson Kristen M. Lewis Amy E. Lynn Mary E. Haskett Tara S. Behrend 《Journal of child and family studies》2009,18(1):61-69
We examined a model of parenting stress for abusive mothers (n = 80) and nonabusive mothers (n = 86) using linear regression analyses. Predictors in the model included (a) the degree to which mothers were bothered by
child misbehavior, (b) mothers’ general psychological functioning, and (c) observed child behavior during parent–child interactions.
Whether abuse status moderated the relations between each predictor and parenting stress was also explored. Results indicated
that mothers’ psychological functioning significantly predicted parenting stress; however, neither mothers’ intolerance for
their children’s misbehavior nor observed child behavior were significant predictors of parenting stress in the regression
model. A test of moderation revealed a significant interaction between parental intolerance and abuse status such that intolerance
predicted parenting stress level only for abusive mothers. A comparison of correlations indicated that abusive mothers’ level
of parenting stress was more closely related to their intolerance for child conduct problems than to the child’s behavior
during play with their mothers. Findings are discussed in terms of implications for interventions to reduce parenting stress
experienced by nonabusive and abusive mothers. 相似文献
2.
Identity control theory (Kerpelman, Pittman, & Lamke, Journal of Adolescent Research, 12: 325–346, 1997) and the literature on possible selves (Markus & Nurius, American Psychologist, 41: 954–969, 1986) and family influences on adolescents’ vocational choices (e.g., Otto, Journal of Career Development, 27: 111–117, 2000; Whiston & Keller, The Counseling Psychologist, 32: 493–568, 2004) were used to guide this study of young women’s career aspirations. How mother–daughter and father–daughter
relationships were associated with young women’s certainty about their anticipated future careers was addressed with data
from 304 female undergraduates. Findings indicated that parent–daughter connectedness predicted the young women’s anticipated
distress, as well as their willingness to change to fit parental views should their parents disagree with their career aspirations.
In addition, anticipated distress mediated associations between willingness to change and connectedness with parents, and
between willingness to change and father–daughter career discussions. Discussing career goals with mother increased mother’s
influence, but decreased father’s influence, on daughter’s career certainty under conditions of father–daughter disagreement
about career choice. The ability to separate her own feelings from those of her father was particularly important in reducing
the daughter’s willingness to change her career goals to fit maternal or paternal expectations. Collectively, these findings
offer additional insights about the role of parent–adolescent relationships in understanding young women’s career aspirations
and note the importance of considering the distinct influences of mothers and fathers on their daughters’ career goals and
plans. 相似文献
3.
Christina M. Rodriguez 《Journal of child and family studies》2011,20(5):631-639
Although considerable research has investigated parenting stress and children’s externalizing behavior problems, comparatively
less has considered parenting stress in relation to children’s internalizing difficulties. Even less research on parenting
stress has incorporated children’s report of their internalizing symptoms or the potential mediating role of children’s attributional
style. The current study hypothesized that children’s independent reports of internalizing symptoms would be associated with
mothers’ reports of parenting stress through children’s attributional style. A community sample of 92 mother–child dyads participated.
Results suggest maternal parenting stress from both child and parent sources were significantly associated with children’s
anxious and depressive symptoms. Parenting stress was associated with children’s internalizing symptoms partially mediated
by children’s maladaptive attributional style, primarily negative attributions for positive outcomes. Findings are discussed
in terms of future directions to tease apart specific areas of parenting stress that may be most pertinent as well as to explore
other cognitive mechanisms in children that may relate to parenting stress and children’s adjustment. 相似文献
4.
Confirmatory Factor Analysis of Arnold et al.’s Parenting Scale Across Race, Age, and Sex 总被引:1,自引:1,他引:0
Bryan T. Karazsia Manfred H. M. van Dulmen Beth G. Wildman 《Journal of child and family studies》2008,17(4):500-516
We used confirmatory factor analysis (CFA) to investigate the factor structure of several models of Arnold et al.’s Parenting
Scale [Arnold et al. (1993). Psychological Assessment, 5, 137–144] across children from various age groups and races. Participants were parents of children (ages 2–16 years) presenting
to four community-based pediatric practices for routine care. Parents completed questionnaires pertaining to various aspects
of parenting and child behavior problems. Results indicated that a two-factor revision proposed by Reitman et al. [(2001).
Journal of Clinical Child Psychology, 30, 514–524] represented the data well and better than the original three-factor structure and other two-factor models. Results
from multigroup CFA analyses indicated that this factor structure did not vary across child sex, child age, and parental race.
Results of validity analyses indicated that scores on both factors were related to reports of children’s behavior and parental
affect and cognitions. This study was the first to use multigroup CFA procedures to demonstrate that relationships between
individual items and factors of the Parenting Scale are similar for parents of children across various age groups. 相似文献
5.
J. Douglas Coatsworth Larissa G. Duncan Mark T. Greenberg Robert L. Nix 《Journal of child and family studies》2010,19(2):203-217
We evaluated the efficacy of a mindful parenting program for changing parents’ mindfulness, child management practices, and
relationships with their early adolescent youth and tested whether changes in parents’ mindfulness mediated changes in other
domains. We conducted a pilot randomized trial with 65 families and tested an adapted version of the Strengthening Families Program: For Parent and Youth 10–14 that infused mindfulness principles and practices against the original program and a delayed intervention control group.
Results of pre-post analyses of mother and youth-report data showed that the mindful parenting program generally demonstrated
comparable effects to the original program on measures of child management practices and stronger effects on measures of mindful
parenting and parent–youth relationship qualities. Moreover, mediation analyses indicated that the mindful parenting program
operated indirectly on the quality of parent–youth relationships through changes in mindful parenting. Overall, the findings
suggest that infusing mindful parenting activities into existing empirically validated parenting programs can enhance their
effects on family risk and protection during the transition to adolescence. 相似文献
6.
We examined the associations between the parenting dimensions autonomy granting, over control, and rejection and children’s
anxiety, in relation to parent and child gender and child age. Elementary school-aged children (n = 179, M
age = 10.27, SD = 1.30), adolescents (n = 127, M
age = 15.02, SD = 1.54) and both their parents completed questionnaires on parenting and children’s anxiety. Parenting was more strongly
related to child anxiety in elementary school children than in adolescents. Maternal over control was uniquely related to
elementary school-aged children’s anxiety whereas paternal over control was more important during adolescence. Opposite to
our expectations, we found higher levels of parental autonomy granting to be related to higher levels of anxiety for younger
elementary school-aged children (age < 10). For adolescents, the association between paternal over control and anxiety was
stronger for older adolescents (age > 15), with higher levels of over control related to higher levels of anxiety. For both
elementary school-aged children and adolescents, the associations between parenting and child anxiety did not differ as a
function of the child’s gender. If we are to understand the associations between parenting and children’s anxiety, it is important
to distinguish parental autonomy granting from parental over control and to consider the role of parent gender and the age
of the child. 相似文献
7.
Dimensions of martial conflict, children's emotional security regarding interparental conflict, and parenting style were examined
as mediators between parental dysphoria and child adjustment. A community sample of 262 children, ages 8–16, participated
with their parents. Behavioral observations were made of parents’ interactions during marital conflict resolution tasks, which
children later observed to assess their emotional security. Questionnaires assessed parents’ dysphoria, parenting, and children's
adjustment. Structural equation modeling indicated that parental dysphoria was linked with child adjustment through specific
and distinct mediating family processes, including marital conflict and parenting. Children's emotional security in the context
of particular marital conflict styles also mediated relations between parental dysphoria and child adjustment problems, with
similar pathways found for mothers and fathers. These pathways remained significant even after significant parenting contributions
were considered. 相似文献
8.
9.
Many studies concur that students’ perceptions of their home and school environments, such as relationships with parents and
teachers, are related to their academic self-concept (for example, Chang et al., Int J of Behav Dev 27(2):182–189, 2003; Ireson and Hallam, Br J Educ Psychol 75:297–311, 2005; Jang, J Kor Home Econ, 39:101–114, 2001; Lau and Leung, Br J Educ Psychol, 62:193–202, 1992; Lau and Pun, Social Behav Pers, 27(6):639–650, 1999; Masche and Barber, “Connectedness and separation in parent-adolescent relationships: Indicators of
a successful identity development.” Paper presented at the SRCD Biennial Meeting, Minneapolis, MN, April 19–22, 2001; Sanders,
“School–family–community partnerships and the academic achievement of African American, urban adolescents.” Report No. 7.
EDRS. ED 402404, 1996). Nonetheless, little is known about whether the strength of the relationships is comparable for students
of different ability streams, or if the predictors of variance of their academic self-concept are similar. To fill the empirical
gap, a 3-year longitudinal study was conducted with Secondary One students (approximate age 13) from three government schools
in Singapore. Pearson product–moment correlation and Fisher’s z
r transformation showed that there were significant differences in the strength of the relationships between higher- and lower-ability
stream students’ academic self-concept and their perceived home environment and classroom climate. In addition, stepwise multiple
linear regressions established that lower-ability stream students’ perceived teachers’ expectations had more consistent and
substantial impact on their confidence level than that of their higher-ability stream counterparts. In comparison, higher-ability
stream students’ perceived parental academic support had more consistent impact on their academic self-concept than that of
their lower-ability stream peers. 相似文献
10.
Leanne Whiteside-Mansell Robert H. Bradley Lorraine McKelvey 《Journal of child and family studies》2009,18(1):48-60
We examined the impact of parenting behaviors on preschool children’s social development in low-income families from three
cultural groups: European American (n = 286), African American (n = 399), and Hispanic American (n = 164) using Spanish as the primary language in the home. Observed parenting behaviors of stimulation, responsivity, and
acceptance of the child in European American and African American families showed positive impacts on children’s social development
with notable exceptions discussed. Corporal punishment had a negative impact on children’s social development. With the exception
of corporal punishment, none of the parenting behaviors predicted social development outcomes for Hispanic children. 相似文献
11.
This study is an adaptation and extension of Apfel and Seitz’s (Family Relations, 40(4), 421–429, 1991) models of adolescent parenting and adolescent-grandmother relationships to a sample of 148 African American,
first-time adolescent mothers and their 6-month-old infants. The Parental Supplemental model, in which adolescent mothers
and grandmothers shared caregiving, described 63% of Apfel and Seitz’s (1991) sample and 66% of the current sample. Shared
caregiving was not associated with conflict in the adolescent mother–grandmother relationship. Adolescent mothers who had
caregiving responsibilities and a supportive adolescent-grandmother relationship also reported competence in their parenting
role. Findings provide support for Apfel and Seitz’s Parental Apprentice model, in which young mothers gain competence through
direct caregiving experience in the context of a supportive relationship. 相似文献
12.
Xiangjun Li 《Frontiers of Philosophy in China》2006,1(4):561-571
Traditional Confucianism might be likened to a great tree, with various branches and trends of thought emerging from common
roots. Continuing with this metaphor, Confucianism as a form of knowledge might be regarded as a main branch, and the resulting
form of Confucianism constitutes the main body of Chinese learning. Due to modern society’s transformation, Confucianism as
a form of knowledge has begun to disappear and the form of Confucianism which has its own discourse system and problem consciousness
has become a disconnected tradition and an object of study of all the branches of learning in modern times. It is important
for the present-day development of Confucianism that we break the rigescent modern academic system, propagate Confucianism
as a form of knowledge, and rebuild the Confucian form of knowledge.
__________
Translated from Hebei Xuekan 河北学刊 (Hebei Academic Journal), 2005(4) by Yan Xin 相似文献
13.
Forty clinic-referred mothers completed questionnaires describing their children’s problems, the mothers’ parenting styles,
and their everyday mindfulness. Psychometric analyses of the questionnaires showed mother reports to be internally consistent,
except for one of the parenting style scales (i.e., permissive style). We dropped the scale and analyzed intercorrelations
between the remaining two scales, the mindfulness measure and the child problem measure. Results showed the authoritative
and authoritarian scales were not correlated, and each scale covaried with measures of mindfulness and child problems. Regression
analyses revealed two pathways between mothers’ mindfulness and child problems. Both pathways showed parenting styles to mediate
the connections between mothers’ mindfulness and their perceptions of child problems. We speculated on the nature of the mediating
process. 相似文献
14.
Goal orientation theory is concerned with performance and learning goals in academic, athletic, and other ability areas. Here
we examine performance and learning goals for emotion regulation. We define performance goals for emotion regulation as seeking
to prove one’s ability to manage emotions; learning goals for emotion regulation are defined as seeking to improve one’s ability to manage emotions. In two studies, we tested the hypothesis that performance goals for emotion regulation
would be associated with greater use of defensive emotion regulation strategies and depressive symptoms. Results from both
studies showed that individuals with greater performance goals for emotion regulation reported higher levels of rumination
and thought suppression and greater depressive symptoms, while individuals with greater learning goals reported greater use
of cognitive reappraisal. The findings suggest that goals for emotion regulation may help explain individual differences in
use of defensive versus constructive emotion regulation strategies. 相似文献
15.
Parent–child interaction paradigms are often used to observe dysfunctional family processes; however, the influence of such
tasks on a participant’s level of activation remain unclear. The aim of this pilot project is to explore the stimulus value
of interaction paradigms that have been commonly used in child anxiety research. Twenty-nine parent–child dyads with clinically
anxious (n = 16) and non-anxious (n = 13) youths engaged in a series of tasks (threat and non-threat) used in previous studies of parenting and youth anxiety.
Heart rate (HR) data, as an indicator of physiological activation, were collected across tasks, and participants rated the
perceived representativeness of their interactions in the laboratory to their usual behavior at home. Significant HR changes
were observed for both parent and child. Change in child HR from baseline to non-threat task was smaller than change in HR
from baseline to threat tasks. Change in parent HR from baseline to ambiguous situations tasks was smaller than changes from
baseline to other threat tasks. Differences in HR change between anxious and non-anxious children were explored. Participants
rated laboratory interactions as similar to those experienced in the home. Results suggest that presumably emotionally-charged
discussion tasks may produce increased activation compared to tasks that were designed to be more neutral. Implications for
future research and limitations are discussed. 相似文献
16.
Michael Wolff 《Journal for General Philosophy of Science》2010,41(2):359-371
In an earlier article (see J Gen Philos Sci (2010) 41: 341–355) I have compared Aristotle’s syllogistic with Kant’s theory
of “pure ratiocination”. “Ratiocinia pura” („reine Vernunftschlüsse“) is Kant’s designation for assertoric syllogisms Aristotle has called ‘perfect’. In Kant’s view
they differ from non-pure ratiocinia precisely in that their validity rests only on the validity of the Dictum de omni et nullo (which, however, in Kant’s view can be further reduced to more fundamental principles) whereas the validity of non-pure ratiocinia additionally presupposes the validity of inferences which Kant calls consequentiae immediatae. I have argued that Kant’s view is in some (not in all) essential features in accordance with Aristotle’s view concerning
perfect syllogisms and certainly leading to a tenable and interesting logical theory. As a result I have rejected not only
the interpretation of Aristotle adopted by Theodor Ebert, but also the objections he has raised against Kant’s logical theory.
As far as Aristotle is concerned, Ebert has attempted to defend his position in the first part of his reply to my article
published in J Gen Philos Sci (2009) 40: 357–365, and I have argued against this defence in issue 1 of the J Gen Philos Sci (2010) 41: 199–213 (cf. Ebert’s answer
in the same issue pp. 215–231). In the following discussion I deal with Eberts defence of his criticism of Kant published
in the second part of his reply to my article (see J Gen Philos Sci (2009) 40: 365–372). I shall argue, that Kant’s principle ‘nota notae est nota rei ipsius’ and his use of technical vocabulary stand up to the objections raised by Ebert. His attempts to prove that Kant’s logical
theory is defective are based on several misinterpretations. 相似文献
17.
Stieb JA 《Science and engineering ethics》2009,15(1):11-18
It has been claimed that (1) computer professionals should be held responsible for an undisclosed list of “undesirable events”
associated with their work and (2) most if not all computer disasters can be avoided by truly understanding responsibility.
Commentators of “A Critique of Positive Responsibility in Computing” argue that this is not Donald Gotterbarn’s view (Gotterbarn,
JSEE 14(2):235–239, 2008) but that a critique of the view nevertheless raises significant moral issues within computing such
as the ethical goals of a computing profession, the appropriate ethical stance toward bugs, and the public good with respect
to computing (Miller, JSEE 14(2):245–249, 2008). Commentators also argue that “A Critique”’s “profitable misreading” demonstrates
the “moral ecology” of organizations “dedicated narrowly to financial success” and that other “moral ecologies” that are customer
or quality driven can be shown to be more important or preeminent (Huff, JSEE 14(2):241–244, 2008). It is argued here that
(1) the hyper-inflated reading of Gotterbarn’s and Ladd’s views on positive responsibility persists despite Gotterbarn’s explicit
rejection of it, and that (2) such a reading of positive responsibility cannot be placed within a single moral ecology, nor
can a single moral ecology be shown to be any more important or preeminent than others.
Stieb, J. A. (2008). A critique of positive responsibility in computing. Science and Engineering Ethics,
14(2), 219–233. 相似文献
18.
Shaljan Areepattamannil 《Psychological studies》2010,55(4):283-289
This study, drawing on data from the 2002 Survey of Approaches to Educational Planning (SAEP), examined the predictive effects
of parenting practices and parenting style on children’s school achievement, and the predictive effects of parental expectations
and parental beliefs on parenting style for 6,626 respondents with children aged 5–18 years in Canada. Hierarchical multiple
regression analyses, after controlling for family socioeconomic status (SES), revealed the substantial positive predictive
effects of family SES, parental encouragement, parental expectations, and parental beliefs on children’s school achievement.
In contrast, parental monitoring had a substantial negative predictive effect on children’s school achievement in the context
of other variables. Although parental expectations were not related to parenting style, parental beliefs were positively associated
with both parental encouragement and parental monitoring—the two dimensions of authoritative parenting style. 相似文献
19.
Collishaw S Gardner F Maughan B Scott J Pickles A 《Journal of abnormal child psychology》2012,40(1):119-132
The coincidence of historical trends in youth antisocial behavior and change in family demographics has led to speculation
of a causal link, possibly mediated by declining quality of parenting and parent–child relationships. No study to date has
directly assessed whether and how parenting and parent–child relationships have changed. Two national samples of English adolescents
aged 16–17 years in 1986 (N = 4,524 adolescents, 7,120 parents) and 2006 (N = 716 adolescents, 734 parents) were compared using identical questionnaire assessments. Youth-reported parental monitoring,
expectations, and parent–child quality time increased between 1986 and 2006. Ratings of parental interest did not change.
Parenting differences between affluent and disadvantaged families narrowed over time. There was thus little evidence of a
decline in quality of parenting for the population as a whole or for disadvantaged subgroups. Parent-reported youth conduct
problems showed a modest increase between 1986 and 2006. Findings suggested that the increase in youth conduct problems was
largely unrelated to observed change in parent–child relationships. 相似文献
20.
E. J. Coffman 《Synthese》2008,162(2):173-194
This paper advances the debate over the question whether false beliefs may nevertheless have warrant, the property that yields knowledge when conjoined with true belief. The paper’s first main part—which spans Sections 2–4—assesses
the best argument for Warrant Infallibilism, the view that only true beliefs can have warrant. I show that this argument’s key premise conflicts with an extremely plausible claim about warrant.
Sections 5–6 constitute the paper’s second main part. Section 5 presents an overlooked puzzle about warrant, and uses that
puzzle to generate a new argument for Warrant Fallibilism, the view that false beliefs can have warrant. Section 6 evaluates this pro-Fallibilism argument, finding ultimately that it defeats itself in
a surprising way. I conclude that neither Infallibilism nor Fallibilism should now constrain theorizing about warrant. 相似文献