宫颈癌普查与人文关怀

宫颈癌的发病率居女性恶性肿瘤的第二位,只要做到旱发现、早诊断、旱治疗,宫颈癌是一种可以预防和治愈的疾病.认真地做好宫颈癌的普查和随诊,能够降低宫颈癌的发病率和病死率.因为宫颈液基细胞学设备简单,方法便利,阳性检出率高,目前已成为基层医疗单位开展宫颈癌普查的重要手段.提倡宫颈癌的普查是对全社会育龄妇女健康的关怀,是医学人文精神的具体体现.全社会的妇女都应享有这种人文关怀.     

“治未病”理念对减少宫颈癌发生的影响及策略

分析传统医学“治未病”的思想原则,从来病先防,既病防变,愈后防复三方面探讨“治未病”理念对减少宫颈癌的发生、发展及治疗的影响.只要将“治未病”理念贯穿于宫颈癌的防治中,加强全社会育龄妇女对宫颈癌的预防保健意识,认真执行宫颈癌普查的程序,对降低宫颈癌的发病率和死亡率具有切实意义.     

医疗政策中的性别权力不平等:农村宫颈癌筛查的建制民族志分析

用建制民族志方法,访谈甘肃武都地区6位参与过宫颈癌筛查的农村妇女,3位未参与过宫颈癌筛查的农村妇女,1位宫颈癌筛查项目负责人以及2位参与筛查工作的医师,分析了中国农村宫颈癌筛查政策的不足。研究结果显示,现有的政策只针对女性身体,没有涉及男性,忽略了对女性心理层面的关怀,且缺乏对过度医疗化的有效规定。因此,建议政策制定应该纳入女性的声音,突显心理关怀和性别平等,并且探索解决过度医疗化的有效方式。     

宫颈癌病毒病因学说的确立及其发展

德国病毒学家Harald zur Hausen博士创立的宫颈癌人乳头瘤病毒（HPV）病因学说荣获2008年度诺贝尔生理学/医学奖。笔者从辩证唯物主义认识论角度,回顾了该学说的确立及其发展。宫颈癌将有望成为人类通过疫苗接种、筛查和早诊早治等综合措施来预防乃至消除的第一个恶性肿瘤。     

关怀伦理在构建和谐社会中的价值

关怀伦理蕴涵着深厚的和谐意蕴,它以建构和谐的人际关系为核心理念,以寻求人类美好生活为指归.市场竞争中人际关系距离的消融、弱势群体问题的解决、人与自然关系的和解等,都诉求于关怀原则的贯彻.因而在全社会推广和培育关怀德性是构建和谐社会的重要伦理路径.     

宫颈癌病毒病因学说的确立及其发展

德国病毒学家Harald zur Hausen博士创立的宫颈癌人乳头瘤病毒(HPV)病因学说荣获2008年度诺贝尔生理学/医学奖.笔者从辩证唯物主义认识论角度,回顾了该学说的确立及其发展.宫颈癌将有望成为人类通过疫苗接种、筛查和早诊早治等综合措施来预防乃至消除的第一个恶性肿瘤.     

癌症控制，防大于治——从《中国癌症预防与控制规划纲要（2004—2010》谈起

世界卫生组织在20世纪80年代初,提出了癌症三级预防的概念,2004年中国卫生部门也制定了《中国癌症预防与控制规划纲要(2004-2010)》,提出把癌医学研究的重点从治疗转向预防。通过多种形式的癌症科普宣教,提高全民和全社会对癌症防治工作的认识,让科学防治观念真正为公众普便知晓,这是目前条件下减少癌症发病率,提高早诊率的重要措施。     

常态化疫情防控中的伦理关怀

伦理学界颇有影响的内尔·诺丁斯的伦理关怀理论,以女性主义视角构建无性别差异的关怀伦理思想,强调人与人之间的情感、关系以及相互关怀,特别是把关系性作为关怀伦理思想的核心.这一理论对于在常态化疫情防控中加强伦理关怀,积极构建良好的关怀关系,具有一定的借鉴价值.常态化疫情防控中的良好关怀关系的构建着力于建立信任,落实于履行责任,包括政府公职人员做好伦理关怀,全社会增强抗击新冠肺炎疫情的关怀能力,人类有基于人类命运共同体大视野的全球伦理关怀的作为,这些正是把关怀作为变革社会政治、经济、道德生活的一种理想来追求的实践.     

癌症控制,防大于治--从《中国癌症预防与控制规划纲要(2004-2010)》谈起

世界卫生组织在20世纪80年代初,提出了癌症三级预防的概念,2004年中国卫生部门也制定了<中国癌症预防与控制规划纲要(2004-2010)>,提出把癌医学研究的重点从治疗转向预防.通过多种形式的癌症科普宣教,提高全民和全社会对癌症防治工作的认识,让科学防治观念真正为公众普便知晓,这是目前条件下减少癌症发病率,提高早诊率的重要措施.     

凉山州宫颈癌患者的经济负担调查分析

通过测算凉山州80例宫颈癌患者的社会经济学负担,并探讨该病变发现和治疗中的社会经济因素,得出文化程度、经济状况与患者经济负担呈负相关;患病时间与患者经济负担呈正相关.因此提高凉山州卫生资源利用率,加大健康教育的力度,加强宫颈癌早诊早治,可减少社会经济负担,促进民族地区的和谐发展.     

Psychological consequences of positive results in cervical cancer screening

Abstract

This study was carried out to assess the psychological impact of abnormal cervical smear results. Existing literature contain only uncontrolled studies or controlled studies with non-standardised measures. Subjects were recruited from women attending two general practices for routine cervical smears over a six month period. A comparison was made between women with positive results who were referred for colposcopy, with mild abnormalities who were asked to return for a repeat smear in six months, or negative smear results. Psychometric assessment by postal questionnaire was carried out one week after receiving the result. The measures used were the 28-item General Health Questionnaire (GHQ-28), Spielberger State Anxiety (STAI), and a measure designed specifically for use in the study, the Cervical Screening Questionnaire (CSQ). Results indicated that women with positive smear test results who were referred for colposcopy had significantly higher scores on GHQ (p<.01) STAI-S (p<.05) and CSQ (p<.001) than women with mild abnormalities or negative results. Significant differences between the groups with mild abnormalities and negative results were found on the CSQ (p<.05). These findings suggest that positive results on cervical screening are associated with a significant psychological impact including a range of specific concerns about gynaecological health and cancer, increased anxiety and impaired well-being. Even mildly abnormal results, which involve a recommendation for early repeat screening, cause raised concern about cancer for the recipients. The procedures for providing smear results should be organised to minimise the level of distress.     

ARE ALL LATINAS THE SAME? PERCEIVED BREAST CANCER SCREENING BARRIERS AND FACILITATIVE CONDITIONS

In this article, we examine perceived breast cancer screening barriers and facilitative conditions for immigrant women from Mexico, Puerto Rico, Cuba, El Salvador, and South America ( N = 58). Focus groups conducted separately with women of each ancestry were analyzed using grounded theory methods. Identified barriers comprise secrecy, lack of information, embarrassment, fear, and distrust of health care providers. Perceived facilitative conditions include knowing the importance of early detection and noticing a symptom. We compare and contrast findings across ancestries and discuss how psychosocial and cultural factors could be better integrated into early detection programs. The women's high screening rates also suggest that breast cancer screening can be facilitated in this population by addressing institutional factors (e.g., access to health care, transportation).     

早期宫颈癌术式选择的比较研究

根治性子宫切除术与保留生育功能的根治性宫颈切除术均可用于早期宫颈癌患者的手术治疗。根据生物-心理-社会医学模式的要求,本文采用比较治疗学的方法,对这两种手术方式,从适应证、手术方式、并发症、疗效等方面进行比较,为宫颈癌临床科学决策提供借鉴。     

Determination of Breast Cancer Fatalism in Women and the Investigation of the Relationship Between Women's Cervical Cancer and Pap Smear Test Health Beliefs with Religious Orientation and Fatalism

Journal of Religion and Health - This study aims to determine breast cancer fatalism in women and investigate the relationship between women’s cervical cancer and pap smear test health...     

Primary health care for women: What is it and who provides it?

Recent federal policy has highlighted historically underrecognized women's health issues. Women comprise the majority of the population, especially the elderly. Women's health care needs, utilization patterns, and outcomes vary from those of men, and often among each other. Primary health care services for women are multidisciplinary and emphasize prevention, education, and early intervention as well as treatment. Psychologists and other primary health care providers can collaborate to provide their services in a cost-effective manner that optimizes quality of care and comprehensive health care.     

Sex Differences and Occupational Influences on Health Care Utilization Aboard U. S. Navy Ships

This study assessed health care requirements of men and women aboard U.S. Ngvy ships. It was hypothesized that shipboard women utilize more health care services than men and that these differences are greatest in occupational spe- cialties that traditionally have not been open to women. Data were collected periodically from 20 ships over the course of a year. Results indicated that the pattern of sex differences in health care utilization aboard Navy ships is similar to that of the nation as a whole. Shipboard women use health care resources at a significantly higher rate than men. The magnitude of the sex differences in shipboard health care use, however, appears to be less than that found in the civilian community. Results also demonstrated that women in nontraditional occupations visited sick call at a significantly higher rate than women in traditional occupations. Various theoretical implications are discussed.     

Widows, women, and the bioethics of care.

Widows, women, and the bioethics of care must be understood within an authentic Christian ontology of gender. Men are men and women are women, and their being is ontologically marked in difference. There is an ontology of gender with important implications for the role of women in the family and the Church. The Christian Church has traditionally recognized a role for widows, deaconesses, and female monastics, which is not that of the liturgical priesthood, but one with a special relationship to care and therefore with particular implications for health care and a Christian bioethics of care in the twenty-first century. In the shadow of early male mortality, women as wives should turn to support their husbands and as widows to support those in need. Widows, in becoming authentic Christian monastics, can bring into the world an icon of rightly ordered women providing rightly ordered Christian care for those in need. They can enter the moral vacuum created by misunderstandings of the place of women and the service vacuum created by a disappearance of religious nuns in Western health care facilities with a presence that is at one with the Church of the Fathers.     

The link between women's body image disturbances and body-focused cancer screening behaviors: A critical review of the literature and a new integrated model for women

A large body of literature demonstrates the association between body image disturbances and health compromising behaviors among women (e.g., pathological eating, substance use, inappropriate exercise). However, given that disturbed body image is a pervasive problem, it is likely inversely related to health maintenance behaviors. Cancer screenings for breast, skin, and cervical cancer represent an important type of health maintenance behavior, yet adherence rates are low. Given the body-focused nature of these screenings, body image may be a salient predictor. This paper reviews the literature on the relationship between body image disturbances and cancer screening behaviors among women culminating in the proposal of a theoretical model. This model posits that body shame and body avoidance predict performance of cancer screenings and that variables drawn from the cancer literature, including risk perception, health anxiety, subjective norms, and self-efficacy, may moderate this relationship. Clinical implications and suggestions for research are discussed.