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1.
This article is an examination of how the intersection of sport and race plays out in the sexualization of the sporting role
of African American male athletes. Further, the article is an examination of the multiple roles the media, sport, and race
play as these impact the public persona of African American male athletes in high-profile sports. The article concludes with
a number of recommendations for ending the negative images of African American male athletes.
To the white public, we are athletes, rappers, preachers, singers—and precious little else. We are also robberts, rapists,
mentally deficient and sexually well endowed. —Ellis Cose, The Envy of the World: On Being a Black Man in America (2002; New York: Washington Square Press, 3–4)
First of all, let me say good after ... good late afternoon. Because of the HIV virus I have attained, I will have to announce
my retirement from the Lakers today. I just want to make clear, first of all, that I do not have the AIDS disease, because
I know a lot of you want to know that, but the HIV virus. My wife is fine, she’s negative, so no problem with her. I plan
on going on, living for a long time, bugging you guys like I always have. So you’ll see me around. I plan on being with the
Lakers and the league—hopefully [Commissioner] David [Stern] will have me for a while—and going on with my life. I guess now
I get to enjoy some of the other sides of living—that [were missed] because of the season and the long practices and so on.
I just want to say that I’m going to miss playing. And I will now become a spokesman for the HIV virus because I want people,
young people, to realize they can practice safe sex. And, you know, sometimes you’re a little naive about it and you think
it could never happen to you. You only thought it could happen to, you know, other people and so on and on. And it has happened.
—Magic Johnson—Press Conference at L.A. Lakers Compound Washington Post, November 9, 1991 相似文献
2.
Ruth E. Fassinger 《Group》1997,21(2):191-210
This article outlines considerations in group interventions with older lesbians. It is intended for mental health professionals
who work—as leaders, supervisors, and consultants—with various kinds of groups in their professional practice, including therapy,
psychoeducational, support, growth, recreational, and self-help groups. First, unique issues in the life circumstances of
older lesbians are addressed. Next, five case examples are presented that illustrate the usefulness of group interventions
with this population. The article concludes with recommendations for effective practice. 相似文献
3.
Eric Barendt 《Res Publica》2011,17(1):41-53
This article examines the issues raised by recent legislation proscribing incitement to religious hatred. In particular, it
examines how far arguments for prohibiting racist hate speech apply also to the prohibition of religious hate speech. It identifies
a number of significant differences between race and religion. It also examines several questions raised by the prohibition
of religious hate speech, including the meaning and scope of religious identity, why that identity should receive special
protection, and whether protection should be directed to religious groups as groups or to their individual members. The central
argument of the article is that the distinction between protecting religious groups from vilification and protecting their
beliefs and practices from criticism—a distinction on which the British Government placed great emphasis in defending its
legislation—is unsustainable. That conclusion is supported by the reasoning of the European Court of Human Rights in cases
in which it has upheld the curtailing of freedom of expression for the sake of protecting religion. 相似文献
4.
Sharon L. Reilly Charles F. Sing Michael A. Savageau Stephen T. Turner 《Integrative psychological & behavioral science》1994,29(1):55-73
In this article we present a new methodology—Biochemical Systems Theory and Analysis—as an alternative to traditional parametric
statistical procedures for investigating differences between risk groups in a population. We review the systems theory and
how it can be used to represent a model of processes influencing renal hemodynamics and sodium (Na+) excretion. We also discuss the potential for new measures of the biology of common diseases that can emerge from a synergism
between systems theory and population-based statistical approaches.
This work was supported in part by grants from the Public Health Service, RO1-HL30428, R01-HL39107 and General Clinical Research
Center Grant RR0585. 相似文献
5.
Fabian Wendt 《Res Publica》2011,17(2):175-192
Philip Pettit’s republican conception of freedom is presented as an alternative both to negative and positive conceptions
of freedom. The basic idea is to conceptualize freedom as non-domination, not as non-interference or self-mastery. When compared
to negative freedom, Pettit’s republican conception comprises two controversial claims: the claim that we are unfree if we
are dominated without actual interference, and the claim that we are free if we face interference without domination. Because
the slave is a widely accepted paradigm of the unfree person, the case of a slave with a non-interfering master is often cited
as providing a good argument for the first republican claim and against a negative conception of freedom. One aim of this
article is to raise doubts about whether this is true. The other aim of the article is to show that the prisoner—also a paradigm
of the unfree person—presents a good argument against the second republican claim and in favour of a negative conception of
freedom. This is called the ‘prisoner-argument’. It will be argued that neither Pettit’s distinction between free persons
and free choices nor his distinction between compromising and conditioning factors of freedom can help to rebut the charge
of the prisoner-argument. 相似文献
6.
Serge Grigoriev 《International Journal for Philosophy of Religion》2011,70(3):187-201
This article offers a review of Richard Rorty’s attempts to come to terms with the role of religion in our public and intellectual
life by tracing the key developments in his position, partially in response to the ubiquitous criticisms of his distinction
between private and public projects. Since Rorty rejects the possibility of dismissing religion on purely epistemic grounds,
he is determined to treat it, instead, as a matter of politics. My suggestion is that, in this respect, Rorty’s position is
best construed as that of a humanist rather than a post-modernist. Ultimately, it appears that, in his view, the positive
element of religion—i.e. the idea of religion as a social gospel—has been absorbed and transformed into a utopian striving
which humanists associate with the ideal of democracy. Hence, in this regard, religion can be considered obsolete. Yet, without
explicitly invoking the usual epistemic grounds, Rorty’s arguments for excluding religion from the public sphere remain rather
thin, and an interest in reforming rather than excluding religion would have been more consistent with his general outlook. 相似文献
7.
Hedonia, eudaimonia, and well-being: an introduction 总被引:1,自引:0,他引:1
Research on well-being can be thought of as falling into two traditions. In one—the hedonistic tradition—the focus is on happiness,
generally defined as the presence of positive affect and the absence of negative affect. In the other—the eudaimonic tradition—the
focus is on living life in a full and deeply satisfying way. Recognizing that much recent research on well-being has been
more closely aligned with the hedonistic tradition, this special issue presents discussions and research reviews from the
eudaimonic tradition, making clear how the concept of eudaimonia adds an important perspective to our understanding of well-being. 相似文献
8.
Ewa Bergh Nestlog 《Argumentation》2009,23(4):437-449
Most pupils become confident with narrative texts. However, studies show that pupils do not learn to master discursive genres
in a satisfactory way. Therefore it is important to study pupils’ written argumentation and to develop knowledge about text
production in an education that also highlights linguistic structures. The present article investigates written argumentations
produced by 10–12 year-old pupils. The aim is to investigate perspectives in the texts, and thereby catch the entire texts—their
content, function and form—and to relate text analysis to interaction in the classroom. The theoretical framework emanates
from the dialogical and triadic conception of language and text where ideational, relational and textual aspects play a central
role. In this article the focus is on the three perspective dimensions—relief, hierarchy and sequences—in one argumentative text written by a 10-year-old girl and the discursive practice within which her text is produced. 相似文献
9.
Axiomathes - This article examines the Kantian ideas on motion in his work Metaphysical Foundations of Natural Science. In that essay, Kant holds that motion as a concept—from its connotation... 相似文献
10.
In this article we use our experience with ballroom dancing to revisit three central systemic/relational ideas—summativity,
pragmatics/aesthetics, and communication—in order to reaffirm our theoretical grounding in family therapy and to connect that
grounding to community-mindedness in therapy. Community-mindedness consists of deliberate attention to the socially constructed grand narratives that dominate clients
and therapists in the process of therapy. A detailed example is provided.
Thanks to Leo Sayer 相似文献
11.
Teaching communication techniques to couples is a common way for therapists to begin treatment. In many cases, couples then
use these newly acquired skills to express negative or even hostile information to each other, sometimes doing more harm than
good to the relationship. Based upon years of clinical experience with hundreds of couples in treatment, this article presents
the idea that having the couple see themselves as an entity first, not as two individuals, may be necessary before clear communication
can be maximally therapeutic. The article outlines the Couple Power model of treatment, suggesting that four basic tasks—commitment,
cooperation, communication and community—need to be accomplished in that order, postponing the teaching of communication skills
until later in therapy. Theory behind the tasks and suggestions for effective techniques to achieve the “Four C’s” of Couple
Power are presented and discussed. 相似文献
12.
This article extends computational models of schizophrenia that focus on the negative aspects of this syndrome to behavioral
biases that are associated with a positive symptom of schizophrenia, namely delusions. The phenomenon studied is the “jump-to-conclusions”
style of reasoning that is characterized by delusional patients—in comparison with controls—whereby they make less-informed
decisions when an option to collect more decision-specific information is available. Simulations show that these differences
can be mimicked by modulating the gain parameter—associated with variations in dopamine level—in a simple network model. 相似文献
13.
14.
Carol L. Schnabl Schweitzer 《Pastoral Psychology》2011,60(3):311-321
This article examines the power of music to help transform suffering. It draws on insights from the work of music theorist
David Schwarz (1997) that bridges psychoanalysis, music, and culture; and from Daniel Levitin’s (2008) work on music and human nature, especially as it pertains to religion, ritual and songs. Schwarz describes listening to
music as a process of retrospective fantasy and as a type of transference experience. If how we listen to music is shaped
by traces of past experiences, then music as a resource in pastoral care has the potential to assist ministers in the process
of guiding their parishioners to re-trace painful experiences in ways that “re-sound” with thoughts and feelings which have
become an impediment to healing. A “case study” in which the author was a “player” (or more accurately performer) is briefly
examined, and the role of music in the lives of Steve Lopez and Nathaniel Ayers (Lopez 2008) is explored to demonstrate how music—specifically religious music or song associated with religious ritual—is an overlooked
resource for pastoral care. The article concludes with an illustration of how individuals’ personal associations with a hymn
may have implications for pastoral care. 相似文献
15.
Kwame Anthony Appiah 《The Journal of Ethics》2011,15(3):265-280
This article argues against the view that affirmative action is wrong because it involves assigning group rights. First, affirmative
action does not have to proceed by assigning rights at all. Second, there are, in fact, legitimate “group rights” both legal
and moral; there are collective rights—which are exercised by groups—and membership rights—which are rights people have in
virtue of group membership. Third, there are continuing harms that people suffer as blacks and claims to remediation for these
harms can fairly treat the (social) property of being black as tracking the victims of those harms. Affirmative action motivated
in this way aims to respond to individual wrongs; wrongs that individuals suffer, as it happens, in virtue of their membership
in groups. Finally, the main right we have when we are being considered for jobs and places at colleges is that we be treated
according to procedures that are morally defensible. Morally acceptable procedures sometimes take account of the fact that
a person is a member of a certain social group. 相似文献
16.
Psychosocial theories focused on the intrafamilial transmission of anxiety often concentrate on specific parenting behaviors
that increase risk of anxiety disorders in children. Two such theories—affectionate versus affectionless control—both implicate
parenting, although differently, in the pathogenesis of childhood anxiety. The present article reviews observational studies
that focus on interactions between parents and children in anxious families in order to examine critically each of these two
models. We divide these observational studies into two groups: those that seek to characterize the behavior of anxious parents
(top-down studies) versus parents of anxious children (bottom-up studies). This approach reveals that there is a consistent
relationship between controlling parental behavior in families with anxiety-disordered children as well as a consistent relationship
between parental behavior low in warmth and families with anxiety-disordered parents. The present article discusses the implications
of the pattern that unfolds from the observational studies of the last decade and provides suggestions for future research
in the area. 相似文献
17.
Christians commonly speak of and to God as ‘a person’. The propriety of such talk depends on how the concept of a person is
being used and understood, and that concept is much contested in contemporary analytic philosophy. In this article, I note
the presuppositions of one current debate about what it is to be a human person, and then propose an alternative approach
to persons—both human and divine—that draws upon the Thomistic philosophical and theological tradition. In this tradition,
‘person’ is neither an essence-determining kind term, nor a merely nominal or functional kind term, but is applicable analogously
to entities of various ‘kinds’ (e.g. humans, angels and God). The origins of this account in Aquinas’ theology of the Trinity
will be examined, and I will conclude by noting a recent development of Thomas’ thought in relation to what it is to be a
human person. 相似文献
18.
The orthographic neighborhood size (N) of a word—the number of words that can be formed from that word by replacing one letter
with another in its place—has been found to have facilitatory effects in word naming. The orthographic neighborhood hypothesis
attributes this facilitation to interactive effects. A phonographic neighborhood hypothesis, in contrast, attributes the effect
to lexical print-sound conversion. According to the phonographic neighborhood hypothesis, phonographic neighbors (words differing
in one letter and one phoneme, e.g., stove and stone) should facilitate naming, and other orthographic neighbors (e.g., stove
and shove) should not. The predictions of these two hypotheses are tested. Unique facilitatory phonographic N effects were
found in four sets of word naming mega-study data, along with an absence of facilitatory orthographic N effects. These results
implicate print-sound conversion—based on consistent phonology—in neighborhood effects rather than word-letter feedback. 相似文献
19.
Bryan Pfaffenberger 《Knowledge, Technology, and Policy》2000,13(3):78-92
This article examines the nature and legality of FUD, which—as will be seen—is a timely subject. IBM may have been FUD’s originator
but its greatest practitioner is allegedly none other than Microsoft, which (according to the firm’s critics) has repeatedly
exercised FUD tactics in order to acquire and maintain its operating system monopoly. In particular, this article compares
Amdahl’s experience with IBM to the emerging contours of Microsoft’s battle against a surprisingly able competitor, the open
source operating system called Linux. A major contention of this essay is that attorneys, judges, and legal scholars tend
to pay insufficient attention to the unique characteristics of technology enterprises, and thus cannot distinguish meaningfully
between practices that are plainly legal under U. S. antitrust law, and those which are not. A perspective drawn from the
history and sociology of technology (namely, Thomas P. Hughes’ concept of technological systems) is used to elucidate what is predatory, and what is not, in a dominant market player’s use of FUD and associated marketing
tactics.
where his scholarly and teaching interests include cyberlaw, intellectual property in high-tech industries, and the social
issues posed by advanced information technology. He is also the author of several best-selling trade and textbook titles,
including Webster’s New World Dictionary of Computer Terms, 9th ed. (Hungry Minds) and Computers in Your Future, 4th ed. (Prentice-Hall). He lives in Charlottesville, Virginia. 相似文献
20.
Nanda N. J. Rommelse Marieke E. Altink Ellen A. Fliers Neilson C. Martin Cathelijne J. M. Buschgens Catharina A. Hartman Jan K. Buitelaar Stephen V. Faraone Joseph A. Sergeant Jaap Oosterlaan 《Journal of abnormal child psychology》2009,37(6):793-804
We aimed to assess which comorbid problems (oppositional defiant behaviors, anxiety, autistic traits, motor coordination problems,
and reading problems) were most associated with Attention-Deficit/Hyperactivity Disorder (ADHD); to determine whether these
comorbid problems shared executive and motor problems on an endophenotype level with ADHD; and to determine whether executive
functioning (EF)—and motor-endophenotypes supported the hypothesis that ADHD with comorbid problems is a qualitatively different
phenotype than ADHD without comorbid problems. An EF—and a motor-endophenotype were formed based on nine neuropsychological
tasks administered to 816 children from ADHD—and control-families. Additional data on comorbid problems were gathered using
questionnaires. Results indicated that oppositional defiant behaviors appeared the most important comorbid problems of ADHD,
followed by autistic traits, and than followed by motor coordination problems, anxiety, and reading problems. Both the EF—and
motor-endophenotype were correlated and cross-correlated in siblings to autistic traits, motor coordination problems and reading
problems, suggesting ADHD and these comorbid problems may possibly share familial/genetic EF and motor deficits. No such results
were found for oppositional defiant behaviors and anxiety. ADHD in co-occurrence with comorbid problems may not be best seen
as a distinct subtype of ADHD, but further research is warranted.
Electronic supplementary material The online version of this article (doi:) contains supplementary material, which is available to authorized users. 相似文献