CHARACTERISTICS OF SUCCESSFUL AND DROPOUT MDTA TRAINEES1

A study was designed to compare several variables of Manpower Development Training Act (MDTA) clients who dropped out of the program with those of clients who completed the program. A random sample of application cards was drawn for individuals enrolled in MDTA adult classes in Milwaukee, Wisconsin. Trainees who completed the program were more likely to be married, older, characterized by a more stable employment history prior to entering the program, and slightly more educated than were program dropouts. Clients who completed the program versus those who did not were not significantly different on the following variables: (1) sex; (2) counseling versus no counseling; (3) race; and (4) client reported physical disability.     

关于飞行能力的心理学預測問題

在航空事业发展的初期,最早建立空軍的一些国家,对飞行員的选拔沒有什么严格規定,只要对飞行有兴趣的人均可报名入伍。但是很快就暴露出一些严重的問題。据統計,在第一次世界大战期間,协約国的飞行員由飞机中弹而造成事故的仅占2％,由于机械故障而造成事故的占8％,而90％的事故是由于飞行員操纵錯誤所造成的。这样,关于飞行     

AN INVESTIGATION OF THE DETERMINANTS OF SUCCESSFUL ASSIGNED MENTORING RELATIONSHIPS

This study examined the influence of protégé characteristics, gender composition of the mentoring relationship, the quality of the relationship, and the amount of time the protégé spent with the mentor on career and psychosocial benefits gained by the protégé. Protégés were assigned to mentors as part of a development program designed to facilitate personal and career development of educators. An instrument designed to assess the extent to which mentors provide career and psychosocial outcomes to protégés was developed. Protégé gender, job involvement, and career planning activity was related to attainment of psychosocial outcomes. Implications and future directions for research regarding mentoring are discussed.     

SORTS OF NATURALISM: REQUIREMENTS FOR A SUCCESSFUL THEORY

Abstract: In this article I investigate several “sorts of naturalism” that have been advanced in recent years as possible foundations for virtue ethics: those of Michael Thompson, Philippa Foot, Rosalind Hursthouse, John McDowell, and Larry Arnhart. Each of these impressive attempts fails in illuminatingly different ways, and in the opening sections I analyze what has gone variously wrong. I next use this analysis to articulate four criteria that any successful Aristotelian naturalism must meet (my goal is to show what naturalism must deliver, not yet to show that it can deliver it). I then look at Alasdair MacIntyre's approach, which begins with our natural trajectory from complete dependency toward becoming independent practical reasoners; I argue that this sort of naturalism meets the aforementioned criteria and thus provides a good example of what Aristotelian naturalists must do. I close with a consideration of two important objections to any broadly MacIntyrean sort of naturalism.     

THE PRACTICAL INTELLIGENCE OF ENTREPRENEURS: ANTECEDENTS AND A LINK WITH NEW VENTURE GROWTH

We draw upon cognitive psychology and social cognition theories to develop a model of practical intelligence, its antecedents, and its role in the early growth phase of entrepreneurship. The model was tested through interviews with 22 printing industry CEOs and responses from 283 founders of early‐stage printing and graphics businesses. Related venture and industry experience and 2 learning orientations interacted to predict practical intelligence. In turn, practical intelligence interacted with growth goals to predict higher venture growth across 4 years.     

RESPONSE CHARACTERISTICS OF BILINGUAL MANAGERS TO ORGANISATIONAL QUESTIONNAIRES1

An organisational questionnaire based on Likert's eight organisational variables was completed by samples of Filipino (n= 51) and Hong Kong Chinese (n= 71) bilingual managers under conditions designed to inculcate either an English response set or a Chinese or Filipino response set. Results indicated that apparently equivelant questions generated negative responses in the English response conditions and positive responses in the Filipino and Chinese response conditions. Some methodological implications for comparative management research are discussed.     

SUCCESSFUL USE OF THE NOCTURNAL URINE ALARM FOR DIURNAL ENURESIS

We report the effects of using a urine alarm, typically employed for nocturnal enuresis, to treat chronic diurnal enuresis in a 15-year-old female resident at Boys' Town. The results of an ABAB reversal design indicate that the alarm eliminated wetting in both treatment phases and that continence was maintained at 3- and 6-month follow-up.     

大学生自尊发展的特点

采用自编《大学生自尊评定问卷》,探讨1104名大学生自尊发展的特点。结果表明：（1）随着年级的增长大学生自尊呈稳定发展趋势,重要感、胜任感、归属感三个维度上表现出显著的年级差异。（2）大学生自尊发展存在着显著的性别差异,男生发展水平显著高于女生,性别差异主要体现在归属感维度。（3）文科生外表感维度得分显著高于理科生,独生子女、城市学生以及学生干部在自尊总分及其三个维度得分显著高于非独生子女、农村学生以及非学生干部。     

TOWARDS SUCCESSFUL PSYCHOLOGICAL ASSOCIATIONS*

This article raises the question of how to organise associations of psychologists in such a way that they will be successful in the nineties. From the point of view of a sociologist of work and organisation by discipline and experience the importance of the use of different types of power to obtain compliance of the association's membership is stressed (section 1). The process of organisation building is treated in section 2. Attention is paid to the functions that associations have to fulfill for their members in order to be and remain influential (section 3). The association's policy is influenced itself by organisational dynamics, consequence of the segmentation process in society and profession and the accompanying shift in power relations (section 4). The best way to handle a number of professional issues (section 5) is by choosing for a strategic policy (section 6). The article is concluded (section 7) with a list of 20 commandments to ensure that one's association will be successful in the next decade.     

儿童理解程度副词的特征

本实验用模糊数学方法研究4—9岁儿童对程度副词的理解特征。结果说明9岁儿童的理解达到了成熟水平;幼儿偏向于夸大理解程度副词的词义;7、8岁是发展的转折期。     

目标拾取运动特性研究

对人体的目标拾取运动特性进行了研究,提出截止目标疋度的概念,推导目标拾取运动的时间计算方程,重新定义了难度指数,试验数据表明该计算方程对目标拾取运动能够给予较好的描述。     

CHARACTERISTICS OF EFFECTIVE EMPLOYEE PERFORMANCE REVIEW AND DEVELOPMENT INTERVIEWS: REPLICATION AND EXTENSION1

Eight performance review interview characteristics were related to 7 interview outcomes. Several of these individual variables had been examined in previous research. Two hundred seventy nursing personnel described their last review interview. Five of the interview characteristics were related to most of the outcomes, replicating earlier research as well as adding new findings. Implications for improving the conduct of appraisal interviews in organizations are offered.     

SIX CHARACTERISTICS OF A POSTPATRIARCHAL CHRISTIANITY

Abstract. Christianity is best understood not as a set of timeless doctrines, but as a historical movement capable of change and growth. In this respect, Christianity is like a science. Heretofore, most instances of Christianity have exhibited certain ways of thinking that, taken as a whole, have led to the subordination of women (and the Earth and animals as well) to men in power. This article describes these ways of thinking, then contrasts six ways of thinking and acting that can inform postpatriarchal Christianity and science.     

青少年自主性发展的特点

从北京地区选取两所中学初一至高二年级1155名学生为被试,采用问卷法来探讨青少年自主性发展的特点。研究共涉及道德、传统、交友、个人、安全5个领域以及家庭规则、父母权威认同和自主行为水平3个层面的内容。结果显示:自主性在整个青少年期呈逐渐增长的趋势。在不同领域中和不同的层面上,各年级不同性别的青少年自主性发展有显著差异。