超常儿童数学能力的因素分析

培养与发展超常儿童的智力与能力是教育心理研究的一个重要课题。本文将在智力与能力发展理论的基础上,重点对组成超常儿童数学能力的因素进行结构分析。通过因素分析的方法抽出了五个主因素．即综合运算能力、逻辑思维能力、抽象概括能力、空间想象能力、灵活的形象思维能力,并对各能力特点作了进一步分析。本文的结果将为超常儿童智能发展的理论研究提供可资参照。     

被俘王子为何能够刀下逃生——改变别人决定的语言智慧

假如别人作出了对你十分不利的决定,似乎已经无可挽回,但智慧者总能在这时绝处逢生,充分显示出自己的智慧来。而这种智慧,有时仅仅靠的是三寸不烂之舌。这充分体现了语言的智慧,让人深切感受到智慧的力量。     

残障人问题对罗尔斯正义理论的挑战——兼论纳斯鲍姆之"能力法"

残障人问题给罗尔斯的理论带来的巨大的挑战,这根源于罗尔斯对公民之理性平等的设定.由于人只有在生命的某个特定的阶段才会具备独立性以及实践理性的能力,因此在罗尔斯的理论设计中,残障人就丧失了参与建构正义原则过程的资格.美国当代著名伦理学家纳斯鲍姆从四个方面,即首要善、康德哲学之人性、大致平等和互利,对罗尔斯的理论进行了审视,并提出了"能力法"的理论.在许多现实问题的分析上,纳斯鲍姆的理论要比罗尔斯更具有解释力,但仍需更多的探讨.     

牟宗三"实践的智慧学"探求诠论

对哲学作为“实践的智慧学”的探求是牟宗三后期哲学思考的核心。这一探索,开启了牟宗三中国哲学与康德哲学双向诠释的基本视域,也拓出了道德形而上学体系建构的理论地平。“实践的智慧学”诠释具有独特的理论内涵,也隐含了牟氏道德形上学自我批判与超越的思想线索。     

儿童图形表征能力测验编制的初步报告

表征能力发展部分地体现为对事物中隐含关系的理解或推理的复杂程度.基于辛自强的"关系-表征复杂性模型",结合Halford的"关系复杂性"理论,通过事前分析任务复杂性确定了难度不同的项目,最终编制成儿童图形表征能力测验,该测验共50个(25类)项目.以265名小学3~6年级儿童为被试,采用计算机呈现方式施测了该测验.结果表明:项目的难度和区分度以及整个测验的重测信度、构想效度、效标关联效度均良好;基于理论的事前任务分析(确定任务的维度数与每个维度内的元素数)对事后任务难度的预测率较高(83.4%).可见,所编制的图形测验能有效测查儿童表征水平.     

基层干部治理能力结构探索及问卷编制

基于对国内外相关文献的整合与分析,结合对50名基层干部行为事件访谈法(BEI)的编码结果,构建基层干部治理能力是由七个维度组成的理论假设,编制基层干部治理能力初始问卷,经过试测删减后形成正式问卷。对山东省1325名基层干部进行正式施测,探索性因素分析表明基层干部治理能力包含引导与执行力、知识与技能拓展力、公共服务能力、整合资源能力、管理创新能力、信息分享提升力六个维度; 验证性因素分析证实问卷的结构,结合信度检验和效标关联效度检验,表明该问卷信效度达标,可作为基层干部治理能力的测量工具。     

人慧与物慧:基于智慧描述词与提名智慧者的分类

为揭示一般人内隐的智慧分类机制及智慧类型,考察了51名硕士生对智慧描述词和提名智慧者的分类。多维标度分析与聚类分析表明,40个智慧描述词的语义空间包括人文才能/科技才能和内在特质/外在表现两个维度,分为自然科学才能、社会科学才能和人文科学才能三类;40个提名智慧者的语义空间包括自然科学者/人文社科者和人际间的/个人内的两个维度,分为自然智慧者、社会智慧者和人文智慧者三类。综合分类结果及中西智慧文化,根据智慧内包含才能或能力的性质或要解决的问题性质,智慧可分为人慧与物慧两大类型。     

论知识经济背景下江苏人力资源能力建设

人的知识、智力和创新能力已成为当代社会发展的主要源泉 ,人力资源能力建设则成为把握新机遇、应对新挑战 ,藉以实现科技进步 ,实现经济和社会发展的关键。本文对江苏省人力资源能力建设现状进行了定位分析 ,并从社会、组织和个人三个层面对江苏人力资源能力建设途径进行了探讨 ,对江苏省的人力资源能力建设发展战略的实施有着积极的现实意义和重要的借鉴意义。     

近似数量系统与数学能力的关系：一项元分析

近似数量系统(ANS)与数学能力的关系是国际认知与心理研究的经典问题，大量研究进行了探索，但仍存在争议。为了揭示二者关系及其方向和调节机制，本研究对来自55项研究、59个独立样本、12661名被试的242个效应值进行了元分析。结果发现，ANS与数学能力之间存在稳定的中相关，二者关系是双向的，受ANS测量指标、数学能力内容和年龄的调节。研究结果为深入的纵向研究、实验研究和干预研究奠定了基础，为数学教育提供了实证依据和视角。     

MIRT模型中多维能力及其相关矩阵估计的影响因素

多维项目反应理论因其模型本身的天然优势及其兼具因素分析与项目反应理论于一身的优点,而被广大研究者及应用者所重视.本研究在前人研究基础上,重点讨论MIRT多维能力及能力间相关矩阵的参数估计问题.研究采用Monte Carlo模拟方法进行,在三因素完全随机设计（4 ×3×3）下,使用MCMC算法,探讨测验维度数、维度间的相关大小和测验项目数三个因素对MIRT能力及其相关矩阵估计的影响.     

Wisdom in the Military Context

On the basis of the Berlin wisdom paradigm, we define wisdom in the military context as expert knowledge and judgment concerning in extremis military operations. We measured wisdom in the military context by asking participants to give advice to an inexperienced officer facing an in extremis operation; subsequently, we coded their responses. Data were provided by 74 senior noncommissioned officers (NCOs) in the U.S. defense forces. In support of convergent validity, wisdom in the military context was positively related to general objective wisdom and general self-assessed wisdom. Relationships of wisdom in the military context and general objective wisdom with Big Five personality characteristics were nonsignificant, whereas general self-assessed wisdom was positively related to extraversion, agreeableness, and openness to experience, and it was negatively related to neuroticism. The findings provide initial support for the validity of the new wisdom in the military context measure. We discuss several implications for future research and practice regarding wisdom in the military context.     

The function of wisdom dimensions in ego‐identity development among Chinese university students

This study investigates the relationship between wisdom and ego‐identity among university students in China. Using Marcia's ego‐identity statuses and Ardelt's wisdom dimensions as the theoretical and conceptual framework, the study investigates 356 university students in China. After exploratory and confirmatory factor analyses, four factors from wisdom and five factors from ego‐identity were retrieved. A structural equation model was then conducted to analyse the relationships. The findings were: (1) among wisdom dimensions, cognitive, and reflective wisdom, especially perspective‐taking best predicted achievement, (2) all three dimensions of wisdom predicted moratorium, but reflective wisdom was the most pronounced predictor, (3) all three dimensions of wisdom predicted diffusion, but resentment items from reflective wisdom were the most pronounced predictors, and (4) gender was a significant predictor of ego‐identity achievement and diffusion. These findings suggest that efforts to build reflective wisdom might contribute to healthier ego‐identity formation.     

“Knows what is good and bad”, “Can teach you things”, “Does lots of crosswords”: Children's knowledge about wisdom

Whereas a number of studies have investigated adult laypersons' understanding of the concept of wisdom, children's knowledge about wisdom has not yet been studied. A total of 461 Austrian elementary-school children filled out a questionnaire about wisdom. Results showed an increase in self-reported familiarity with the term “wisdom” from 43.0% in grade 1 to 92.1% in grade 4. Children's open definitions of wisdom as well as their wisdom-typicality judgements of a list of adjectives focused on cognitive aspects, especially fluid intelligence, and social aspects of wisdom, especially friendliness. Aspects involving reflection, such as learning from experience or perspective taking, were seldom mentioned. The frequency with which old age was judged as typical for wisdom increased across grades 1 to 4. Gender differences were mostly found in nominations of wise figures, where boys nominated male figures more often than girls.     

正念与大学生智慧推理的关系：个人成长主动性的部分中介作用

为了考察正念、个人成长主动性(PGI)与智慧推理之间的关系,采用五因素正念量表、个人成长主动性量表与智慧推理量表对242名18-27岁成年早期的大学生进行调查,探讨正念对智慧推理的影响,并检验个人成长主动性的中介效应模型。结果发现：（1）正念对智慧推理水平具有显著的正向影响;（2）个人成长主动性在正念对智慧推理的影响中发挥部分中介作用。     

How careproviders can acquire and apply greater wisdom

In this issue of JCE, Baum-Baicker and Sisti present senior psychoanalysts' views of wisdom. Although views on wisdom differ widely, there is agreement that when ethical conflicts arise, wisdom may be critical in bringing about an optimal result. Here I will present recent empirical findings on wisdom and the ways careproviders may acquire and apply it, especially in ethical conflicts.The findings are not well-known and may seem counterintuitive; I selected them, in large part, for those reasons. A core challenge may be to decide when to give patients standard care and when to make exceptions. In this issue of JCE, Baum-Baicker and Sisti discuss exceptions and Bursztajn and colleagues consider how these exceptions may be further validated as evidence-based treatments.     

自我反思对智慧的影响：有调节的中介模型

采用问卷法对1019名大学生进行调查,考察意义寻求在自我反思与智慧之间的中介作用以及生活事件对这一中介过程的调节作用。结果显示：(1)自我反思显著正向预测智慧;(2)意义寻求在自我反思与智慧之间起部分中介作用;(3)意义寻求的中介作用受到生活事件的调节,生活事件调节了自我反思通过意义寻求影响智慧这一中介过程的后半路径。因此,自我反思对智慧的影响是有调节的中介效应。     

Self-Reported Wisdom and Happiness: An Empirical Investigation

Possible tensions between wisdom and happiness have been extensively debated in philosophy. Some regard wisdom as the ??supreme part of happiness??, whereas other think that a more accurate and wiser view on reality might reduce happiness. Analyzing a Dutch internet survey of 7037 respondents, we discovered that wisdom and happiness were modestly positively related. Wisdom, measured with the Three-Dimensional Wisdom Scale (3D-WS), explained 9.2% of the variation in hedonic happiness. The correlation with the reflective dimension of wisdom was the strongest. In addition, wisdom was more important for happiness among adults with only an elementary education. Our results suggest that happiness and wisdom do not conflict.     

徽州道教思想研究

徽州道教思想以宿世因缘为因,以清静无为为体,以经教符箓为用,以先花后果为实,旨在说明有缘来成仙,仙不度无缘之人;清静乃真常本性,一切得道仙人以此为本;人品对道品之重要性,有道心方成道术;以及道教成仙不离世间觉,红尘即道场等。     

Wisdom and Positive Psychosocial Values in Young Adulthood

The current project investigates wisdom and positive psychosocial characteristics in young adults in a series of three overlapping studies. Study 1 (N = 61) investigated wisdom and ego-integrity, values, and life attitudes. Results indicated that wisdom was positively correlated with ego-integrity and self/other-enhancing values, as well as a sense of personal coherence; wisdom was negatively correlated with hedonistic values. Study 2 (N = 62) investigated wisdom and attachment anxiety/avoidance and life attitudes. Results replicated the findings for the life attitudes of Coherence and Existential Vacuum demonstrated in study 1 and extended these findings by showing predicted correlations among wisdom and four other life attitudes, as well as demonstrated negative correlations among wisdom and attachment avoidance and attachment anxiety. Study 3 (N = 62) showed that wisdom positively predicted attributional complexity, a variable found to reduce social judgement biases. Implications and future directions are discussed.