共查询到20条相似文献,搜索用时 78 毫秒
1.
艾滋病污名由公众污名和自我污名两部分构成。前者指公众所持有的对艾滋病和艾滋病感染者的偏见、刻板印象和歧视; 后者指艾滋病感染者感知到的来自公众的偏见、刻板印象和歧视, 并由此产生的负面自我认知。测量主要从未感染者和感染者两个层面展开。艾滋病的公众污名与自我污名广泛存在于个人、家庭、医疗、媒体等诸多领域, 阻碍艾滋病的有效防治并损害社会平等。减少艾滋病污名的干预既需要消除公众的偏见、刻板印象和歧视, 改善社会环境; 也需要感染者自我的心理健康和治疗意愿, 提升生活质量。未来应该从未感染者和感染者的双重视角出发, 对其相互作用机制、测量工具、干预措施及连带污名等进行深入研究。 相似文献
2.
探讨心理干预对产褥期精神障碍患者生活质量的影响。将85例产褥期精神障碍患者随机分为研究组45例和对照组40例,两组均给予精神科常规护理,研究组在此基础上根据患者的具体情况,实施有针对性的心理护理干预。于心理护理干预后采用Hamilton抑郁量表(HAMD)、Hamilton焦虑量表(HAMA)和生存质量量表(SF-36... 相似文献
3.
在群体关系的运作中,群体偏见是一种非常普遍的现象。本综述了接触假说的研究进展及发展概况,并且指出了接触对减少群体偏见的可能性和条件依赖性。本认为,虽然共同的内群体认同可以降低群体认同凸现的可能性,并进而减少群体偏见,但共同的内群体认向的形成并不是一件简单的事情。 相似文献
4.
孤独症患病率的不断上升,加剧了对早期干预的需求,但传统行为干预有其局限性。自然发展行为干预(Naturalistic Developmental Behavioral Interventions, NDBI)是一类结合了行为原则和发展理论,并在自然情境中实施的孤独症早期干预方法。近年来,NDBI在国际范围内受到广泛关注,实证研究基础持续扩大。NDBI代表性干预方法包括:共同关注、象征性游戏、参与和调节,强化式情境教学,社交沟通-情绪调节-交往支持模式,关键反应训练,早期介入丹佛模式和教导父母成为社交教练等,这些方法具有共同的核心要素和特征,但目标领域和效果特点各有侧重。NDBI在促进孤独症儿童社交、语言、认知等领域的发展,以及降低家庭经济成本和提高儿童主动性等方面具有突出优势,在我国有广阔的应用前景。未来应围绕提高干预效果和扩展应用范围进行深入研究,包括厘清影响干预效果的预测因素与调节变量、探索有效的家长培训方法、探索不同干预方法和工具的结合等,同时在我国文化背景下推动NDBI的本土化研究和实践。 相似文献
5.
6.
随着工作记忆缺损与各类精神疾病的关联被逐渐阐明,研究者开始关注工作记忆训练能否作为干预手段应用在精神疾病领域中。当前,在对ADHD、精神分裂症、抑郁、焦虑、成瘾障碍和自闭症患者进行的工作记忆训练中发现了训练近迁移、远迁移以及临床症状缓解的相应证据,以及直接(通过提升工作记忆能力起效)和间接(通过提升其他关联能力起效)两条效益路径。此外,一个针对精神疾病患者的有效训练范式应当就三个层面进行考察:训练的一般成分(即受训的核心加工过程),训练的疾病特异成分(例如情绪工作记忆训练);以及训练的辅助性成分(例如动机、策略、慢波睡眠等)。未来研究需要关注适用不同精神疾病的训练范式与程序,促进工作记忆训练的定制化,并且通过完善评估手段进一步澄清工作记忆训练在病患中的效益机制。 相似文献
7.
8.
针对物质成瘾者的计算机心理干预以传统心理干预理论为基础,通过计算机和网络对成瘾者进行干预。该方法通过提高成瘾者的自我效能感、应对技能、戒断动机等,达到帮助其戒断并预防复吸的目的。计算机心理干预对成瘾者虽有一定效果,但也存在一些问题,如其能否够弥补传统干预的不足,测量方法是否有效等。未来研究应进一步提高计算机干预的有效性,比较不同计算机干预方法对不同成瘾物质的适用性及有限性,并结合计算机干预与认知训练,推动计算机心理干预在物质成瘾中的应用。 相似文献
9.
在临床工作中诊疗膀胱肿瘤时应重视患者的心理状态和精神活动,采取针对性的干预措施,对其躯体疾病的治疗和术后生存质量的提高,有积极的促进作用及良好的辅助治疗效果。本文主要阐述了膀胱肿瘤患者心理因素对膀胱肿瘤的诊疗效果的影响机制,并就如何制定心理干预措施给出了建议。 相似文献
10.
11.
为了探讨在心内科治疗心理障碍患者的可行性,我们应用汉密尔顿量表评估400例到心内科就诊的患者,对诊断为焦虑或抑郁状态的患者分为两组(心内科干预组,心理科治疗组),随访半年,观察焦虑或抑郁状态的缓解情况。结果显示,本研究共入选符合心理障碍诊断者71例,占就诊人数的17.75%。到心理科治疗患者30例,在心内科门诊治疗患者41例,半年随访评估,治疗有效率分别为16.7%和79.4%(16.7%vs79.4%,P〈0.05)。因此,在心内科门诊对就诊的心理障碍患者进行治疗,是一种可行的方案。 相似文献
12.
Charmaine W.Q. Lim Al K.C. Au Rhiannon N. Turner 《Journal of community & applied social psychology》2020,30(3):307-321
Imagined contact can be effective at reducing social stigma. However, the effect may depend on the strength of the stigma held. We tested the robustness of imagined contact in an Asian setting where stigmatization of mental illness is stronger than in Western countries. In Experiment 1 (n = 167) with five conditions, only an enhanced version of positive imagined contact was able to decrease stigma towards people with schizophrenia through decreasing intergroup anxiety. Given the potential discrepancy between imaginations and reality about experiences with stigmatized groups, in Experiment 2 (n = 121), we tested the hypothesis that after presenting participants with factual information about a mental illness group, imagined contact might backfire, resulting in more negative perceptions. However, enhanced imagined contact alongside factual message about schizophrenia did not increase stigma. The backfiring hypothesis was therefore not supported. Nevertheless, providing realistic information did negate the positive effects of enhanced imagined contact on stigma reduction. In both experiments, we also showed that intergroup anxiety mediated the effect of enhanced imagined contact on various measures of stigma. 相似文献
13.
Victoria Vertilo 《The journal of positive psychology》2014,9(3):266-275
We examined traits of open-mindedness, kindness, hope, and social intelligence in the context of mental health stigma. Stigma – a process that objectifies and dehumanizes a person who has mental illness – diminishes people’s ability to control their behavior as coping with stigma requires self-regulation. Exploring mental health stigma through the lens of character strengths allows for understanding individual differences and kinds of characteristics that help decrease the ramifications associated with stigma of mental health. Several tasks explored the effects of character strengths on implicit and explicit mental health stigma: implicit association task, measures of willingness to interact with those with a mental health disorder, and a social distance task of self, friend, and person with a disorder. Character strengths of social intelligence and kindness were indicative of less stigma of mental health. More open-minded individuals tended to not hold individuals diagnosed with a mental health disorder personally responsible for acquiring that disorder. 相似文献
14.
污名本质上是一种消极的刻板印象,是社会对某些个体或群体贬低性的、侮辱性的标签,对被污名者有着深刻的影响。文章从三个方面对污名的相关研究做了简要的回顾。首先介绍了几种污名的相关定义;然后介绍了污名的心理效应,包括污名他人的功能,污名对群体和个体的影响,以及社会公众对污名的态度和应对过程;第三介绍了两个污名研究的主要领域:一个是污名群体知觉、应对歧视规律的污名歧视研究,另一个是可隐匿污名的相关研究,如隐匿污名的心理过程,隐匿的情绪反应以及揭示污名的心理意义等。最后,提出了未来研究的几点展望,可隐匿污名的相关研究,内隐社会认知研究和消除污名消极影响的干预研究 相似文献
15.
16.
M. Kristina DePue;Justin S. Tauscher;Ren Liu;Tricia Woodliff; 《Journal of Addictions & Offender Counseling》2024,45(1):3-19
Providing moderate levels of treatment to individuals with a criminal justice history is associated with lowered rates of recidivism; yet, treatment access remains low. One possible factor contributing to the lack of treatment options is public stigma. An experimental study was conducted that tested for differences in stigmatizing attitudes across conditions: (a) major depressive disorder (MDD), (b) MDD and opioid use disorder (OUD), and (c) MDD, OUD, and nonviolent, drug-related criminal histories. Findings indicate that individuals who meet the Diagnostic and Statistical Manual of Mental Disorders, Fifth Edition, criteria for OUD with MDD, regardless of criminal histories, are stigmatized at higher levels than those with MDD alone. 相似文献
17.
污名对大学生心理求助行为的影响 总被引:1,自引:0,他引:1
大学生群体的心理健康问题是全社会一个不容忽视的问题,然而,由于心理疾病的污名化,大学生为了避免自己和家人遭受歧视而回避求助,本文通过文献调查法,探讨污名的内涵、影响因素、污名的分类及对大学生心理求助行为的影响,提出对策减少心理疾病污名感,提高大学生心理求助行为,促进大学生心理健康。 相似文献
18.
Andrew J. Seidman Nathaniel G. Wade David L. Vogel Patrick Armistead-Jehle 《Military psychology》2019,31(1):11-17
This study assessed the relationship between the stigma of seeking psychological help and use of outpatient behavioral health services over a 2-year period among active duty military service members initially referred for neuropsychological evaluation secondary to their histories of mild traumatic brain injury. Although research has examined how stigma predicts proxies for help-seeking (i.e., attitudes towards/intentions to use services), very little research has looked at actual behavior, and studies that do have largely focused on previous use. In this study, we examined the relationship between participants’ stigma and subsequent behavioral health use. Our results indicated that whereas greater self-stigma (i.e., negative self-judgments for seeking psychological help) was associated with attending fewer behavioral health care sessions, public stigma (i.e., perceptions of public attitudes towards people who seek psychological help) was not associated with service use. These findings support the need for addressing the self-stigma associated with seeking behavioral health care. 相似文献
19.
20.
An Internet‐based survey was administered in Japan to compare mental health of and stigma toward unemployed individuals, workers with regular employment, and workers with irregular employment. Unemployed individuals showed higher scores for both anxiety/depression and disturbance of activities, as well as faced more stigma than did employed individuals. In addition, the factor structure of stigma that unemployed individuals have toward the unemployed was the same as that previously found for university students and employed individuals. Financial strain and stigma were the factors with the greatest influence on the mental health of unemployed individuals. 相似文献