高中生情绪调节自我效能感与学习投入的关系探究

运用随机取样的方法,采用情绪调节自我效能感问卷、学习投入量表对400名高中生进行了调查研究,探讨高中生情绪调节字我效能感与学习投入的关系。结果发现?高中生的情绪调节自我效能感居于中等偏上水平而且高中生调节积极情绪优于调节沮丧痛苦情绪和生气易怒情绪。2高中生生学习投入状况整体处于中等偏低水平,其中奉献略高与活力和专注;3高中生情绪调节自我效能感与学习投入呈显著正相关。     

情绪调节自我效能感与主观幸福感：情绪调节方式的中介作用

本研究的目的在于探讨青少年情绪调节自我效能感与主观幸福感之间的关系及情绪调节方式在其中的中介作用。采用《情绪调节自我效能感量表》、《情绪调节方式量表》和《主观幸福感量表》对1128名中学生进行测查,结果表明：(1) 情绪调节自我效能感与情绪调节方式、生活满意度、积极情感、消极情感关系紧密;(2) 情绪调节自我效能感和情绪调节方式可显著预测主观幸福感;(3) 减弱调节在情绪调节自我效能感与主观幸福感间起部分中介作用。     

体育锻炼与心理健康:情绪调节自我效能感与情绪调节策略的作用

研究采用问卷调查法,以814名大学生和中学生为研究对象,为探明体育锻炼与心理健康关系的内在机制,在对相关因素调查的基础上,构建了包含情绪调节自我效能感和情绪调节策略两个重要变量的新的结构关系。研究结果发现:(1)大学生的焦虑和抑郁水平显著高于中学生,且男生高于女生;体育专业大学生在沮丧痛苦调节效能上高于非体育专业大学生。(2)体育锻炼通过影响情绪调节自我效能感,进而影响心理健康;情绪调节自我效能感则通过影响情绪调节策略,进而影响心理健康。(3)情绪调节自我效能感和情绪调节策略在体育锻炼与心理健康关系中起中介作用。     

职业探索对大学生求职行为的影响:求职自我效能感的中介作用与情绪调节的调节作用

本研究基于职业发展阶段理论、职业探索社会认知理论等理论考察了职业探索对大学生求职行为的作用机制。采用职业探索量表、求职自我效能感量表、情绪调节量表和求职行为量表对802名大学生进行研究。结果显示：（1）职业探索会显著正向预测大学生求职行为和求职自我效能感均显著正向预测大学生求职行为;（2）求职自我效能感中介了职业探索对大学生求职行为的影响;（3）情绪调节这一变量调节了求职自我效能感对大学生求职行为的影响。因此,职业探索会通过求职自我效能感对大学生求职行为产生影响,且这一影响受到情绪调节的调节。     

父母冲突与青少年自伤的关系:一个有调节的中介模型

以情绪安全感理论为依据考察父母冲突与青少年自伤的关系,并在此基础上提出一个有调节的中介模型,探讨情绪不安全感的中介作用以及情绪调节自我效能感的调节作用。采用整群抽样法对2800名中学生进行问卷调查,结果表明:(1)在所有青少年被试中有自伤行为的比例占41.49%,青少年的自伤水平在年级、学校类型和是否为独生子女这些人口学变量上有显著差异;(2)父母冲突能显著地正向预测青少年的自伤水平,情绪不安全感在两者之间起部分中介作用;(3)控制消极情绪自我效能感对情绪不安全感的中介作用有显著的负向调节作用,只有当控制消极情绪自我效能感很低时,情绪不安全感在父母冲突和青少年自伤水平的中介作用才是显著的。     

睡眠不足对中小学生负性情绪的影响：一个链式中介模型

睡眠不足已然成为当代中小学生普遍面临的问题。为考察社会支持与情绪调节自我效能感在睡眠不足与中小学生负性情绪关系间的中介作用,研究采用睡眠不足问卷、抑郁-焦虑-压力量表简体中文版、社会支持评定量表和情绪调节自我效能感量表,以整群抽样法抽取江苏、安徽1103名中小学生进行调查。结果发现：(1)睡眠不足显著正向预测中小学生负性情绪;(2)社会支持与管理消极情绪自我效能感在睡眠不足与中小学生负性情绪间发挥单独中介作用;表达积极情绪自我效能感的中介作用不显著;(3)社会支持与管理消极情绪自我效能感在睡眠不足与中小学生负性情绪间发挥链式中介作用。可见,睡眠不足对中小学生负性情绪有显著预测作用,社会支持、管理消极情绪自我效能感在其中具有单独及链式中介效应。     

儿童期情感忽视对大学生抑郁的影响:控制感与情绪调节自我效能感的链式中介作用

为探讨儿童期情感忽视与大学生抑郁的关系,以及控制感和情绪调节自我效能感在其中的中介作用,采用儿童期创伤问卷、控制感量表、情绪调节自我效能感量表和贝克抑郁量表(第2版),对重庆市两所高校共837名大学生进行调查。结果显示:(1)儿童期情感忽视显著正向预测大学生抑郁;(2)控制感、情绪调节自我效能感在儿童期情感忽视与抑郁之间起独立中介作用;(3)控制感与情绪调节自我效能感在儿童期情感忽视与抑郁之间起链式中介作用,且情绪调节自我效能感各维度的效应皆成立。本研究考察了儿童期情感忽视对抑郁的影响及其作用机制,为家庭教养方式的改善及大学生抑郁问题的预防与干预提供了实践启示。     

无聊倾向与主观幸福感:情绪调节效能感的作用

以409名大学生为被试,采用问卷法考察无聊倾向对于主观幸福感的影响,以及情绪调节自我效能感的中介作用。结果表明:无聊倾向负向预测积极情绪调节效能感、抑郁情绪调节效能感及愤怒情绪调节效能感;无聊倾向负向预测主观幸福感水平。积极情绪调节效能感和抑郁情绪调节效能感在无聊倾向和主观幸福感的关系中起到了部分中介作用。     

青少年自我效能感对现实-理想自我差异与抑郁间关系的调节效应

为了探讨青少年现实-理想自我差异对抑郁的影响,及自我效能感在两者之间的调节效应,研究采用青少年理想-现实自我差异量表,一般自我效能感量表,Beck抑郁量表,对266名初高中生进行了问卷调查。主要结果如下:(1)青少年现实-理想自我差异,抑郁水平随着年龄的增长而升高,自我效能感水平随着年龄的增长而降低;(2)青少年抑郁水平随着理想-现实自我差异的增加而升高;(3)青少年抑郁水平随着自我效能感的增加而降低;(4)青少年自我效能感水平调节现实-理想自我差异与抑郁之间的关系。即青少年抑郁水平随现实-理想自我差异的升高而升高,但升高速度随自我效能感的增加而减慢。     

流动儿童消极学业情绪对学习自我效能感的影响:情绪调节策略的调节作用

以397名流动儿童为被试,采用问卷法考察流动儿童消极学业情绪对学习自我效能感的影响以及情绪调节策略在其中的调节作用。结果表明：（1）流动儿童学业情绪对控制感的负向预测作用高于对基本能力感的预测作用,其中有恼火、羞愧、无助对基本能力感预测作用显著;认知重评对基本能力感预测作用显著,并且认知重评情绪调节策略对恼火、沮丧与基本能力感的关系有调节作用,而表达抑制对无助与基本能力感的关系有调节作用。（2）流动儿童学业情绪中除恼火外,焦虑、羞愧、厌倦、无助、沮丧和心烦对控制感的预测作用均显著。认知重评和表达抑制均对控制感的预测作用显著,并且认知重评与羞愧、厌倦、沮丧的调节作用显著,表达抑制与沮丧的调节作用显著。     

The longitudinal relations between self-esteem and affective self-regulatory efficacy

The present study examines the longitudinal relations between self-esteem and perceived affective self-regulatory efficacy (i.e., self-efficacy beliefs in managing negative emotions and in expressing positive emotions). Participants were a group of 206 late adolescents (47% males) aged 16, 18, 20 and 24 years at T1, T2, T3 and T4, respectively. Findings corroborated the posited paths of mutual relations, while pointing to a major contribution of self-esteem in predicting perceived affective self-regulatory efficacy across time. In particular, self-esteem consistently predicted subsequent levels of self-efficacy beliefs in managing negative emotions and in expressing positive emotions. Paths in the opposite direction were significant but small. Findings are discussed in light of the contributions of perceived affective self-regulatory efficacy to promote self-esteem from 16 to 24 years.     

心理健康双因素模型指标的再探讨及稳定性研究

摘 要 采用整群抽样以1293名中学生为被试,并对其中531名进行纵向追踪,探讨以生活满意度和内化问题构建的心理健康双因素模型（DFM）的可行性、稳定性及其影响因素。结果：(1)以生活满意度和内化问题为指标的DFM在中国中学生中适用;(2)完全心理健康组的学业和社会功能最好,疾患组最差;(3)完全心理健康组的稳定性最高,有症状但满足组最低;(4)管理消极情绪效能感和学业情绪显著预测生活满意度和内化问题。结论：以生活满意度和内化问题为指标的DFM为复合指标DFM提供了新的研究视角;管理消极情绪效能感和学业情绪是中学生心理健康的核心影响因素。     

Self-Efficacy for Affect Regulation as a Predictor of Future Life Satisfaction and Moderator of the Negative Affect—Life Satisfaction Relationship

Life satisfaction is an important index of mental health and also predicts other important outcomes such as longevity and decreased mortality. Negative affect has a unique inverse relationship with life satisfaction across the life span. Therefore, determining psychological factors that uniquely predict future life satisfaction and that reduce the trait negative affect—life satisfaction relationship is theoretically and clinically important. In light of recent evidence from long-term longitudinal studies that self-efficacy for regulation of negative emotions (SERN) predicts higher future life satisfaction, as well as evidence from a cross-sectional study that a subtype of SERN—self-efficacy for regulating anger—buffers the relationship between trait negative affect and life satisfaction, we tested whether SERN and subtypes of SERN predicted higher life satisfaction and buffered the negative affect—life satisfaction relationship longitudinally over short time periods. After controlling for time 1 life satisfaction, higher time 1 self-efficacy for regulating despondency and distress (SEDes) predicted higher future life satisfaction over average time periods of 17 days (N = 127), 32 days (N = 83), and 41 days (N = 65) among college students. However, in post hoc exploratory regressions that included self-efficacy for experience and expression of positive emotions (SEPos), SEDes predicted higher time 2 life satisfaction, but only SEPos uniquely predicted higher time 3 and time 4 life satisfaction.     

What about the “ups and downs” in our daily life? The influence of affective instability on mental health

Although affective instability is considered to be a crucial factor for mental disorders, research on affective instability and mental health is still rare. The aim of the present study was to investigate affective instability and mental health operationalized by the degree of psychological distress and life satisfaction. Using ecological momentary assessment, we investigated affective intensity and instability in a general population sample (n = 218). Psychological distress and life satisfaction were examined cross-sectionally and longitudinally. In general, we found that positive affect was more variable than negative affect. When we accounted for the overlap between variables, our findings demonstrated that besides the effects of intensity in negative affect and positive affect, higher positive affective instability was related to better concurrent mental health. Longitudinally, negative affective intensity was a decisive factor in the development of mental health. In sum, our findings revealed that affective instability was not dysfunctional per se. In fact, instability in positive affect seems to be important to achieve mental health.     

儿童期虐待对大学生情绪调节自我效能感的影响

探讨大学生儿童期虐待与情绪调节自我效能感(RESE)的关系。采用儿童期虐待问卷和情绪调节自我效能感量表调查472名大学生,筛选未受虐待者为对照组,并设定情感虐待伴情感忽视(EAEN)、情感忽视伴躯体忽视(ENPN)和情感虐待伴躯体忽视(EAPN)共3个实验组。结果表明：⑴躯体虐待、情感虐待、性虐待、躯体忽视和情感忽视发生率分别为7.3%、40.2%、12.0%、42.1%、41.3%;⑵典型相关分析发现,虐待和RESE的整体相关显著,虐待变量和RESE变量可被自身典型变量解释的比例分别为34.5%和36.8%,冗余指数分别6.7和7.2;⑶EAEN和ENPN组调节生气/愤怒情绪效能感得分显著高于EAPN组,对照组调节积极情绪效能感得分显著高于3个实验组。     

Balanced states of mind in psychopathology and psychological well-being

The balanced states of mind (BSOM) model proposes that coping with stress and psychological well-being is a function of the BSOM ratio of positive thoughts to the sum of positive and negative thoughts. Based on different BSOM ratios, different BSOM categories are constructed to quantitatively differentiate levels of coping with stress and psychological well-being. The cognitive content-specificity hypothesis states that there are unique themes of semantic content in self-reported automatic thoughts particular to depression or anxiety. This study investigated the BSOM model and its cognitive content-specificity for depression, anxiety, anger, stress, life satisfaction, and happiness, based on negative and positive automatic thoughts. Three hundred and ninety-eight college students from Singapore participated in this study. First, BSOM ratio and positive automatic thoughts were positively correlated with life satisfaction and happiness, and negatively correlated with stress, anxiety, depression, and anger. In contrast, negative automatic thoughts were positively correlated with stress, anxiety, depression, and anger, and negatively correlated with life satisfaction and happiness. Second, levels of psychopathology and psychological well-being were statistically differentiable among the BSOM categories for depression, happiness, perceived stress, and life satisfaction; and less statistically differentiable among the BSOM categories for anxiety and anger, as expected based on the BSOM model and cognitive content-specificity hypothesis. Third, the results were more supportive of the BSOM model for depression, followed by happiness, perceived stress, life satisfaction, anxiety, and anger in terms of percentage of variance accounted for by BSOM categories, as expected based on the cognitive content-specificity hypothesis. Taken together, the results suggested that the more moderately positive thoughts one has (balanced by negative thoughts), the better mental health outcomes one has. Implications and limitations of these findings are discussed.     

L’intention de se maintenir dans une carrière atypique : quels déterminants individuels et contextuels ?

This study seeks to identify the determinants of turnover intention at women in male- dominated occupations, and namely, attitude-based (job satisfaction and organisational commitment), identity-based (self-efficacy and perceived gender-identity conflict), and context-based factors (perceived social support, induction practices and job design). The survey (N=131) reveals that affective commitment predicts two types of turnover intention: job retention and occupation retention. As regards job retention, affective commitment is related to job satisfaction and job-context structure ; as to occupation retention, affective commitment is linked to self-efficacy and perceived social support material from colleagues and superiors.     

Hypnotic discontinuation in chronic insomnia: impact of psychological distress, readiness to change, and self-efficacy.

OBJECTIVE: To compare individuals who were successful in discontinuing hypnotic medications against those who were not on measures of insomnia severity, medication withdrawal symptoms, psychological symptoms, perceived health, readiness to change and self-efficacy. DESIGN: Secondary analyses of a randomized clinical trial comparing a hypnotic taper intervention with or without self-help treatment for insomnia. MAIN OUTCOME MEASURES: Self-report measures of insomnia severity, medication withdrawal symptoms, depression and anxiety symptoms, physical and mental health, stages of change, readiness to change, decisional balance, and general and situational self-efficacy. RESULTS: There were no significant differences at baseline between medication-free individuals and those still using sleep medication at the end of a taper intervention. Group differences emerged midway through the 8-week withdrawal program and were accentuated after the intervention; participants who remained medication-free during the next six months had less severe insomnia and anxiety symptoms, a more positive perception of their health and higher self-efficacy to refrain from hypnotic use in various situations. Contrary to expectations, there were no differences between drug-free and nondrug-free participants on both readiness to change and stages of change. CONCLUSIONS: Chronic users of hypnotic medications entered a taper intervention with equal levels of psychological distress, health, self-efficacy, and readiness to change. Successful hypnotic discontinuation was associated with overall improvement of insomnia, anxiety and distress symptoms, perceived health and self-efficacy. More intensive and individualized therapeutic attention may be warranted for individuals experiencing worsening of insomnia symptoms, more withdrawal symptoms and psychological distress, and lower self-efficacy during medication discontinuation.     

Psychosocial Factors Associated with Quality of Life Among Individuals Attending Genetic Counseling for Hereditary Cancer

The aim of this multicenter study was to explore associations between psychosocial factors (general self-efficacy, perceived availability of social support, cancer-related distress) and health-related quality of life, among individuals at risk for hereditary cancer. One-hundred and twenty one participants with a family history of breast-cancer or colorectal cancer answered a questionnaire 2-4 weeks prior to genetic counseling. The two dimensions of the health-related quality of life measure, mental and physical health were both used as outcome variables. Multiple regression (linear) analyses revealed that increasing degrees of cancer-related distress was related to decreasing degrees of mental health whereas increasing degrees of self-efficacy and social support were related to increasing degrees of this outcome variable. Self-efficacy, self-esteem support and tangible aid seemed to moderate the relationship between cancer-related distress and mental health. These results suggest that self-efficacy and certain resources of social support buffer the negative association between cancer-related distress and mental health, and might be suitable for interventional efforts. Implications for genetic counseling practice are discussed.