ISSUES IN THE DEVELOPMENT OF CLINICAL PSYCHOLOGY IN THE U.S.A.

All States in the U.S.A. license or certify psychologists. The basic degree for licensure/certification is a doctoral degree. Licensure/certification is usually generic but various other forms of specific credentialling in Clinical Psychology are possible. Most health insurance schemes provide payment for psychological services, though not invariably on a fully independent basis. The major instrument in achieving this recognition has been ‘freedom of choice’ legislation. It is maintained that the three issues of credentialling, licensure/certification, and receipt of third-party/insurance payments are highly interdependent.     

A PARADOX IN THE PERCEPTION OF LUMINANCE GRADIENTS. III

In the second paper of this series (Bergström, 1967) a psychophysical model of certain contrast phenomena in the perception of luminance gradients was outlined on the basis of empirical findings. From this model two predictions were derived about the appearance of a steplike luminance distribution. These predictions about relations between the brightness of different parts of the distribution have been tested by means of a ranking method and a matching technique. Both predictions were confirmed.     

ASYNDETON: SYNTAX AND INSANITY. A STUDY OF THE REVISION OF THE NICENE CREED

Let not the wise man glory in his wisdom, neither let the mighty man glory in his might, let not the rich man glory in his riches: But let him that glorieth glory in this, that he understandeth and knoweth me, that I am the Lord which exercise lovingkindness, judgement, and righteousness in the earth: for in these things I delight, saith the Lord (Jer. 9:23–at)     

A PARADOX IN THE PERCEPTION OF LUMINANCE GRADIENTS. I

Under certain conditions subjects looking at a luminance gradient report a physically darker part of the gradient to be brighter than an adjacent area of higher luminance. This brightness paradox was studied in a series of experiments using a magnitude estimation method. The main results were that both the changing sign of the second derivative of the luminance function (Mach's hypothesis) and the higher or lower luminance of an adjacent area (McDougall's drainage theory) are critical conditions for the appearance of the paradox. In the present study none of these conditions per se resulted in a brightness paradox.     

A PARADOX IN THE PERCEPTION OF LUMINANCE GRADIENTS. II

The first paper in this series was a study on a brightness paradox in the perception of luminance gradients in space. This study tests the hypothesis that an inducing field of higher or lower luminance having a luminance acceleration in space is a necessary condition for the paradox to appear. A magnitude estimation and a constant-sum method were used. The main result was a falsification of the hypothesis. A luminance acceleration across the inducing field was not necessary but it enhanced the paradox. The results are discussed in relation to theories on neural inhibition.     

A COMPARISON OF THE CULTURAL VALUES OF SCOT AND U.S. CHILDREN

Afin de mettre en évidence les différences qui peuvent exister dans le système de valeurs des Américains et des Ecossais, on a administré à 1 189 enfants écossais et 1 268 enfants américains, de 10 à 18 ans, une question à réponses libres et un questionnaire de type Likert qui comporte 27 items relatifs aux valeurs suivantes : compréhension - utilité - espace vital - liberté - égalité - absence de besoins physiques - communauté - statut social. Les réponses à ce questionnaire permettent d'ordonner les valeurs selon un ordre décroissant : compréhension - utilité - égalité - communauté - absence de besoins physiques - espace vital - statut social - liberté; L'âge, le sexe, la culture n'entraînent pas de différences. Avec le questionnaire à réponses libres, il apparaît que les Ecossais mentionnent plus fréquemment les valeurs suivantes : bonheur - carrière - santé - besoins biologiques tandis que les enfants américains valorisent davantage L'éducation, la famille et la réalisation de soi-même. On peut en conclure que le système de valeurs est très semblable d'un pays à L'autre et reflète le caractère capitaliste de L'organisation sociale. La valeur relativement faible attribuée à la liberté et à la communauté d'une part, la valeur relativement élevée de L'utilité d'autre part, seraient indicatives de L'aliénation moderne de L'homme.     

A MULTIDIMENSIONAL SCALING APPROACH TO THE PERCEPTION OF ART. I

G oude G. A multidimensional scaling approach to the perception of art. I. Scand. J. Psyckol ., 1972, 1 3 , 258–271.—-Five experiments with similarity estimation and ratio estimation of experiences of art (paintings) were used for testing a similarity model for multidimensional scaling. A multidimensional analysis gave five interpreted factors. Graphical estimations were compared with numerical estimations. Results from naive observers were related to results from a specialist group.