Organizational Coverups: Factors Influencing the Discipline of Information Gatekeepers1

This study examines factors that influence the severity of discipline administered to a subordinate information gatekeeper who is guilty of covering up an event and concealing and distorting information. Undergraduate business students read one of eight versions of a case depicting faulty upward communication, in which three variables-the superior-subordinate dependency relationship, the subordinate's motivation, and the subordinate's remorse-were manipulated. Unethicality of the offense was evaluated to be quite high across all experimental conditions, yet mild discipline was recommended when the superior was highly dependent on his subordinate and when the subordinate acted out of altruism for his superior. Probability of reoccurrence of the infraction was judged lowest when the offending subordinate displayed remorse. These findings are interpreted as representing a pragmatic orientation toward discipline based on perceived costs or benefits to the administrator. Conditions that increase the vulnerability of decision-makers to faulty upward communication are discussed.     

脑卒中患者创伤后成长及其影响因素分析

探讨脑卒中患者创伤后成长状况及其影响因素.对200(190例有效)例脑卒中患者进行问卷调查.190例脑卒中患者中,创伤后成长在年龄、经济收入、诊断类型、患病时间、后遗症状、自觉痛苦程度及性格类型方面有差异.创伤后成长与社会支持呈正相关、与应对方式中面对呈正相关,回避呈负相关.多重线性回归分析显示,脑率中患者的创伤后成长与患病时间、年龄、自觉痛苦程度、内向性格、社会支持及面对有关.脑卒中患者创伤后成长状况与多种因素有关,应从多维度、多角度进行干预来改善患者的负性体验,以促进其身心康复.     

健康素养促进型组织的概念内涵、测量工具及其影响因素

通过对健康素养促进型组织的概念内涵、测评工具以及影响因素进行综述,以期引起国内学者和实践者的关注,为我国健康素养促进型组织研究提供参考。综述结果表明,健康素养促进型组织概念内涵发展逐渐趋同;测量工具多以10项特征为基础结合各机构实际状况进行构建,分为医疗机构、服务人群以及综合视角三大类;影响因素方面主要涉及组织文化、人力资源、患者参与和组织支持等。建议将构建健康素养促进型组织作为落实健康中国战略的重要措施,积极开展适应中国情境的健康素养促进型组织理论研究,加快推进我国医疗机构的健康素养促进型组织建设。

     

Work and Pregnancy: Individual and Organizational Factors Influencing Organizational Commitment,Timing of Maternity Leave,and Return to Work

The authors surveyed 86 pregnant women (73%White, 8% Asian, 7% African American, 6% Hispanic, and1% Native American) to examine individual andorganizational factors associated with organizationalcommitment and planned timing of their maternity leavesand return to work after childbirth. Women whoseorganizations offered guaranteed jobs after childbirthplanned to work later into their pregnancies and toreturn to work sooner after childbirth. Women whoperceived supportive work-family cultures were morecommitted to their organizations and planned to returnmore quickly after childbirth than women who perceived less supportive cultures. Also, women with lesstraditional attitudes toward parenting planned to worklater into their pregnancies and return to work soonerafter childbirth.     

麻风治愈者生存质量及影响因素的研究

对668名麻风治愈者的生存质量进行调查研究,发现麻风治愈者生存质量各领域评分均低于常模,生理、心理领域和总的生存质量及健康状况评分低于家属组.住院组和畸残组各领域评分分别低于社区组和无畸残组.家庭人均收入、文化程度、生活地点、病程和畸残等因素对麻风治愈者生存质量影响较大.     

Factors Influencing Word-Association Responses: A Reanalysis

In a reanalysis of data previously published (Merten, 1992, 1993b), the relations between a variety of indicators of word-association tests (WATs) and personality variables, verbal intelligence, age, and self-reflected thought and speech disorders were studied. Multiple regression analyses performed with a group of 46 healthy individuals showed pyschoticism to be a strong predictor for response creativity. On the basis of the data, more stringent methodological approaches to the WAT (common and individual response condition) are suggested for personality and creativity research. A cluster analysis of WAT data from 43 schizophrenics, 15 affective psychotics, and 46 control revealed different response patterns to be related to a number of variables, such as psychopathology, verbal intelligence, and personality. Although there seemed to exist a clear relation between the dimension of conformity/nonconformity and WAT responses, this relation is far more complex than correlational analyses or group comparisons can reflect. This work is relevant to creative studies in several ways. It extends associative theory, for example, which is often used to describe creative thinking. Similarly, it clarifies how originality of thought--and its antitheses, conformity and commonness--arise and are judged while thinking. Additionally, it contrasts groups that have varying levels of creativity, including individuals with mood disorders.     

中文读写能力及其相关因素研究

使用5点量表,本研究在北京地区调查了2187名小学一、三、五年级儿童的中文读写能力及其相关因素。因素分析抽取了8个因素：书面语意义理解、基本知觉能力、书写技能、家庭阅读背景、动作技能、口语能力、朗读和听写、书面表达。对上述因素进行多元逐步回归分析发现,各种读写能力内部相关显著。基本知觉能力、口语能力、家庭阅读背景和动作技能分别对中文读写能力的不同成分有显著解释作用。这个结果对于理解阅读能力发展及其与家庭阅读背景、口语、基本知觉一动作能力之间的关系,以及阅读障碍的内在机制具有重要的理论意义。     

错误记忆影响因素的实验研究

本研究采用DRM范式,考察了关联性、学习程度和时间间隔对错误记忆的影响,结果表明:(1)低学习程度和中学习程度下的再认错误率显著高于高学习程度下的再认错误率,说明错误记忆随着学习程度的增加而降低;(2)低关联程度下的再认错误率显著低于中关联程度和高关联程度下的再认错误率,说明关联性高低是引发错误记忆的重要变量;(3)时间间隔对错误再认率没有影响,说明错误记忆不具有时间上的衰退效应,一旦产生后极其顽固,不容易消退,可能更多地受无意识加工的影响。实验结果揭示了错误记忆与真实记忆之间存在着较为复杂的关系。真实记忆可能是错误记忆的根源,而二者的关系在不同影响因素条件下则既有共变又有分离。     

Confirmatory factor analysis of the Sport Organizational Effectiveness Scale

The purpose of this study was to examine the factorial validity of the 5-factor model of sport organizational effectiveness developed by Papadimitriou and Taylor. This questionnaire has 33 items which assess five composite effectiveness dimensions pertinent to the operation of sport organizations: calibre of the board and external liaisons, interest in athletes, internal procedures, long term planning, and sport science support. The multiple constituency approach was used as a theoretical framework for developing this scale. Data were obtained from respondents affiliated with 20 Greek national sport organizations with a questionnaire. Analysis indicated that the 5-factor model of effectiveness is workable in assessing the organizational performance of nonprofit sport organizations. The application of the multiple constituency approach in studying sport organizational effectiveness was also suggested.     

青少年情绪弹性的影响因素研究

影响青少年情绪弹性的个体变量主要包括性别、年龄等背景变量和其他心理变量。研究对830名中学生的情绪弹性进行了调查,结果表明,性别与年龄变量对青少年情绪弹性不产生实质性影响,说明青少年情绪弹性具有相对稳定的心理特性;心理弹性、人格特质、情绪调节能力及自我效能与青少年情绪弹性存在显著相关,并对后者产生显著的预测效应;负性情绪认知调节能力和神经质是影响青少年情绪弹性的两个主要心理变量,神经质还以负性情绪认知调节能力为中介变量对青少年情绪弹性产生间接影响。     

中国组织情境下公仆型领导有效性的追踪研究

公仆型领导以服务员工为导向, 在本质上超越了以往任何一种以组织利益为先的领导方式。然而, 国内该主题的研究还很不系统。本研究首先在中国组织情境下, 采用质化研究与量化研究相结合的方式, 探讨公仆型领导的结构维度, 建构公仆型领导的测量量表; 然后以团队及其成员为研究对象, 采用追踪研究设计, 收集“管理者-员工”配对数据, 运用结构方程模型、多元回归分析以及多层线性模型技术进行统计分析, 从而探讨公仆型领导的有效性。具体包括三个研究：(1)公仆型领导的结构与测量研究; (2)公仆型领导有效性的追踪研究—— 基于领导行为比较的视角(是否有效); (3)公仆型领导有效性的追踪研究—— 基于作用机制的视角(如何有效)。研究结果有助于澄清公仆型领导的内涵与维度结构, 识别和测量公仆型领导行为, 证实公仆型领导的有效性, 比较公仆型领导与家长式领导、变革型领导的影响效果, 揭开公仆型领导对个体绩效和团队绩效的作用机制。     

影响汉语动词、名词识别因素的回归分析

采用回归分析的方法,考察了6个因素对汉语动词、名词识别的影响。结果表明,各变量间有一定的相关,也有相对的独立性。词频、获得年龄和义符熟悉性对词汇识别有显著影响。情境获得性与具体性相关显著,当回归模型中包含情境获得性时,具体性的作用减弱。获得年龄与义符熟悉性在名词回归方程中的解释量大于在动词中的。汉语动词和名词的回归模式既与拼音文字有明显差异,也有一定的共性。这是由汉字的特殊性和语言的共性共同决定的。     

旅游决策影响因素研究

本研究采用自编的《旅游决策影响因素问卷》,对旅游决策的影响因素,进行了调查研究。结果发现．旅游决策的影响因素．可以分成六个类别．即旅游服务因素、社会支持因素、群体支持因素、个人心理因素、个人社会经济因素,以及其他因素。此外．旅游决策还受决策者的人口统计学特征的制约。