湘西少数民族原始宗教伦理的现代审视

湘西少数民族原始宗教作为文化原型,已化为民风民俗,进入当代民族民间文化生活。对湘西少数民族原始宗教伦理的文化特性、道德选择及其精神内核的现代审视,必须坚持中国化马克思主义宗教观,批判地发掘其当代价值。     

云南少数民族原始宗教的现代价值

在云南社会经济和文化发展相对后进的一些少数民族中,其宗教意识形态或多或少仍保留有许多原始宗教的内容,传统的原始宗教文化仍在加强生态保护、维护伦理道德规范、增强民族凝聚力和传承历史文化等方面发挥着不可替代的重要作用。在人类遭受由生态环境破坏带来的众多灾难的今天,更应该珍视和发掘传统宗教的现代价值。     

土家族原始宗教信仰的伦理意蕴

土家族原始宗教信仰,是一种包括图腾、祖先、自然崇拜于其中的多神信仰。其伦理意蕴主要体现在两个方面:一是宗教—道德的原始一体化存在,使宗教信仰直接表现为某种道德约束;二是经由长期的宗教道德信仰而形成的敬畏心理为道德的播植预留了肥沃的土壤。今天来看,土家族原始宗教信仰既可利于一种理性生态主体的培养,亦可利于克服个人主义,转化生成出合理的人际伦理原则。     

腊尔山苗族"巴岱"原始宗教"中心表现形态"的分径与混融

腊尔山苗族巴岱原始宗教是产生于原始社会并继续遗存于现代社会的各种原始宗教形式如自然崇拜、祖先崇拜的总称。在历史过程中,由于文化交流的作用,原有牢固单一的文化体系受到冲击,并迫使其原有文化作出回应,出现了两大截然不同的文化选择,巴岱原始宗教内部巴岱雄与巴岱扎两大支系的分径,其中心表现形态发生变化就是明证。这是原始宗教运演过程中值得注意的一个事实,对之进行剖析,可透视原始宗教变迁过程中的诸种情态。     

南部方言区土家族"红衣老师"信仰调查报告

在实地调查的基础上,整理了南部方言区土家族红衣老师信仰的主要内容,并从民族性与混融性、地域性、原始宗教与人为宗教、道教的影响四个方面将其与北部方言区土家族的梯玛信仰作了简要的比较.     

试论萨满教的价值及萨满学研究

萨满教作为人类早期的一种宗教形态,具有多方面的价值,在特定民族的早期发展阶段,对于实现社会和谐,对于特定群体精神品质的形成,具有积极的意义。就学术价值而言,萨满教为现代人考察、探讨宗教的发生和发展规律提供了鲜活的资源。萨满教所具有的综合体的特质,使其对于北方先民原始文化的起源具有重要的催生作用,成为原始文化诸种形式的母源。因此,萨满教也成为探索原始文化的途径之一。     

湘西土家族宗教习俗一瞥

1991年10月20日至25日,中国少数民族傩文化国际学术研讨会在湘西土家族苗族自治州首府吉首市召开,我们正在湘西调查土家族原始宗教习俗,适逢其会,乃应邀参加。大会举行开幕式后,次日在吉首附近的古丈县龙梅镇龙鼻乡,为到会国内外专家学者安排了一次湘西土家族傩祀现场表演。由于这种俊祀是一种原始的宗教祭礼活动,平时很难一睹其风采,故爱笔记之,以飨读者。     

论土家族原始宗教

论土家族原始宗教钱安靖·汤清琦土家族自称“毕兹卡”（意为本地人）,是我国５５个少数民族之一,集中分布于湘鄂川黔四省毗邻的武陵地区以及清江、西水、渣水和乌江的部分支流素绕的溪峒地区。土家族是我国人口较多的少数民族之一,据１９９０年全国人口第四次普查,全...     

恩格斯《论原始基督教的历史》对宗教研究的方法论启示

《论原始基督教的历史》是恩格斯运用唯物史观研究和阐述宗教问题的重要著作,蕴含着丰富的宗教研究方法。恩格斯运用历史分析法把原始基督教作为一种特定的社会现象和社会事实,将其放在人类历史的过程中考察其产生的历史根源及演变过程;运用阶级分析法将宗教视为一种带有阶级属性的特殊社会现象,揭示原始基督教的社会阶级属性及其本质;运用比较分析法指出原始基督教同现代工人运动二者之间既有值得注意的共同点又存在本质区别;运用实证分析法阐明马克思主义理论的抽象逻辑建构是以具体案例分析为基础的。这些方法在其宗教研究的过程中并不是割裂独立的,而是综合运用、交叉并存的。     

解读原始艺术的装饰性特征

稚拙、抽象的装饰性风格几乎是世界各民族原始艺术的共同特征。这种装饰性特征体观了原始氏族人对世界的认识和理解。它的形成与发展同原始氏族人所处的自然环境、宗教意识、思维方式、智力发展水平、审美意识等因素有密切的关系。本文从原始艺术的装饰性概念、象征的含义、程式化格局、知觉图式角度论述了宗教意识、思维方式对原始艺术的装饰性风格的形成的影响,试图为现代民族装饰艺术的创作提供借鉴。     

Seeing and hearing and space and space and time

A previous experiment had shown spatial location to be judged in terms of the framework provided by the modality in which stimuli were presented. In the present study, digits were either auditorally or visually presented, and in either form the three digits appeared successivly to the left, in the center, and to the right of the S. The digit which occurred temporally in the middle of the sequence was never central from the spatial viewpoint. The S was asked to indicate which digit was the middle one. Ss were blind, deaf, or normal. The deaf and two control groups saw visual displays, and the blind and their controls heard auditory displays. The former groups predominantly chose the spatially middle digit and the latter groups the temporally middle. It was concluded that modality of presentation was the trigger which switched in the coding dimension of time or space.     

Bob and Carol and Tess and Ali

Conflicting religious experiences in different traditions do not necessarily defeat the rationality of conflicting beliefs sustained by those experiences in those traditions. The circularity that protects religious beliefs from such mutual defeat is not vicious. Moreover, the lack of ‘epistemological humility’ exhibited by such believers poses no threat to world peace. In fact, a campaign for compulsory humility would itself constitute a much greater threat.     

Law and Gospel,and Youth and Family Ministry

Abstract : If “faith comes through hearing” the word of God comprised in law and gospel, how do the imperatives that characterize ‘Youth and Family Ministry’ make such hearing possible? Here, literature delineating ‘Youth and Family Ministry’ is analyzed in light of its biblical foundations. The primary lens implemented in this analysis is the law/gospel hermeneutic advocated by Martin Luther and other reformers.     

Extremes of self-esteem and narcissism and the experience and expression of anger and aggression

This study examined the level of self-esteem and narcissism as personality variables involved in the disposition to experience and express anger. Three hundred thirty-eight subjects were sampled across two higher education centres and one student teaching programme in the United Kingdom. It was reasoned that individuals with both high self-esteem and narcissism would report especially high tendencies to experience and express anger and aggression and that those with high self-esteem and low narcissism would report the lowest. These predictions were influenced by theories that emphasise the role of threats to high self-esteem in the production of aggression and violence. Results indicate that groups defined by their extreme scores on self-esteem and narcissism scales produced levels of anger expression in the predicted direction. The importance of considering extreme levels of self-esteem and narcissism (in conjunction with other factors) in an analysis of anger is discussed with reference to currently influential theories in the field. Aggr. Behav. 24:421–438, 1998. © 1998 Wiley-Liss, Inc.     

Dance and psychotherapy--possibilities and limits

From a starting point of therapeutic and prophylactic components identifiable in the dance, the authors regard the dance as deserving of greater attention than was hitherto the case in programs of physiotherapy, psychotherapy, and sociotherapy. From the existing essays at a therapy basing on body and motion, they infer basic common points, and to promote discussion, they state their attitudes in respect of the potential and rank of the dance in the concept of complex multimodal psychotherapy.     

Yin and Yang,and the Hot and the Cold

Yin and Yang are important concepts in ancient Chinese philosophy.Western scholars have become more familiar with these two concepts recently,but for a long time almost no one considered comparing them with their own tradition such as the ancient Greek philosophy,and especially with the ideas of the Hot and the Cold in Presocratic philosophy.In this paper,I make an attempt to do exactly that,and especially make a detailed comparison between the thoughts of two ancient thinkers:Laozi and Anaximander.I discuss the thought of Yin and Yang in Laozi-who was the earliest philosopher making use of the concepts Yin and Yang-to express his cosmological thought in ancient Chinese philosophy.Comparatively,I discuss the ideas of the Hot and the Cold in Anaximander,the earlier among Presocratic philosophers referring to the Hot and the Cold as fundamental concepts used to establish his cosmological system.Through this comparison,I indicate that the similarity between ancient Chinese and Western traditions is far more significant than what people are used to imagining.     

Perversion and infancy and adolescence

Abstract

Studying the works of Freud and Lacan, the authors carried out research on perversion in childhood. Their work covered the perverse polymorphism of infantile sexuality and the perception of the anatomic difference between the sexes that leads the child to create sexual theories and fantasies. The phallic mother and the fetish are viewed as imaginary solutions directly related to the Oedipus and castration complexes. In perversion, a particular position is taken in relation to the Oedipus complex: a serious flaw occurs in the symbolization of the law, and the mechanisms of denial and disavowal take form. Sexuality requires a second “logical time,” separated from infancy by the latency period, in order to confirm (in action) that a fixed position of jouissance (enjoyment) has actually been established. This can only happen in a period after adolescent enhancement. The distinction between perverse traces and a perverse structure is made, taking into account the fact that, in the case of child analysis, the analyst should free the child from the family fantasy and help him/her to build his/her own fantasy.

Campos Santoro V. et al. Perversion und Kindheit und Adoleszenz.

Im Studium der Arbeiten von Freud und Lacan haben die Autoren Forschung über Perversion in der Kindheit gemacht. Die Studien behandeln den perversen Polymorphismus der infantilen Sexualität und die Wahrnehmung des anatomischen Unterschiedes zwischen den Geschlechtern, welche das Kind dazu führt, Sexual-Theorien und Phatasien zu schaffen.

Die phallische Mutter und der Fetisch werden als imaginäre Lösungen angesehen, die sich direkt auf den Ödipus- und Kastrations-Komplex beziehen. Bei der Perversion wird eine besondere Position in Bezug auf den Ödipus angenommen; ein ernsthafter Mangel tritt bei der Symbolisierung des Rechts auf; die Mechanismen der Verneinung und der Verleugnung bilden sich. Sexualität erfordert eine zweite “logische Zeit”, von der Kindheit durch die Latenz Periode getrennt, um (in der Handlung) zu bestätigen, daß eine fixierte Position der jouissance (Vergnügung) sich tatsächlich etabliert hat. Das kann sich nur in einer Periode nach der adoleszenten Verstärkung ereignen.

Es wird die Unterscheidung zwischen perversen Spuren und einer perversen Struktur gemacht, in Rechnung stellend, daß im Fall der Kinder-Analyse der Analytiker das Kind von der Familien-Phantasie befreien sollte und ihm/ihr helfen sollte, seine/ihre Phantasie auszubilden.

Campos Santoro V. Perversión e infancia y adolescencia.

Estudiando los trabajos de Freud y Lacan, los autores han investigado la perversión en la niñez. Los estudios cubren la sexualidad infantil perversa polimorfa y la percepción de la diferencia anatómica entre los sexos, que llevan al niño a crear teorías sexuales y fantasías.

La madre fálica y el fetiche son vistos como soluciones imaginarias relacionadas directamente con el complejo de Edipo y de castración. La perversión, toma una posición particular en relación al Edipo; un fallo importante tiene lugar en la simbolización de la ley; los mecanismos de negación y repudio toman forma. La sexualidad requiere un segundo “tiempo lógico” separado de la infancia por el periodo de latencia, para confirmar (en acto) que una posición fija de jouissance (goce) se ha establecido. Esto solo puede ocurrir en un periodo posterior a la intensificación adolescente.

La distinción entre las huellas perversas y la estructura perversa se ha hecho, teniendo en cuenta que, en el caso del análisis de niños, el analista debe librar al niño de la fantasía familiar y ayudar a el/ella a construir su propia fantasía.     

神圣、凡俗与净明、忠孝

本文结合有关宗教学理论,对宋元净明道所推崇的"净明"、"忠孝"概念进行了解析.作者以为:宋元净明道视世俗性的道德实践为"神圣"的宗教修炼,实与宗教学中的凡俗可以"转换"为神圣之理论相合;而净明道徒的这种"转换",则多与其个体的"宗教体验"有关.至于元代净明道借"无极"概念来释"净明",以"净明"为回复宇宙根源之境界,则合于宗教人经验到与万物的根源、终极的本体或神圣的世界契合之感.换言之,宋元净明道的"净明"、"忠孝"说,实与各种宗教的本质有着相通之处.