叩响医学文献评价之门

文献评价（刊评、书评）既是个人需要——可能影响一个人的一生，也是科技发展需要。目前医学期刊杂志上的文献评价、争鸣较为薄弱，大致分为四类：批评性评价、广告性评价、科技评论性评价、肯定性评价，各有其特点。近几年来，在引导和帮助读者识别杂志上的论文方面，临床流行病学方法已成为一种重要手段；《中国内科年鉴》等医学年鉴则是了解文献评价的一种参考书。如果注意到文学评论对文学事业的繁荣发展产生的巨大影响，则应大力倡导医学文献评论，译介国外的文献评论，使之成为科技的驱动剂、润滑剂。     

工效学文献的计算机检索

(一)科学研究离不开科技情报,而科技情报的主要来源是科技文献.人们获得的科技情报中,约70%是来自科技文献.据美国、日本的研究,科研人员在一项课题研究过程中,查阅文献资料所花时间约占30%.在一门学科尚未得到充分发展,其文献量不大时,科研人员查阅文献并不十分困难.但在其研究成果逐渐增多,文献量越来越大的情况下,研究人员要找到所需文献就不是一件容易的事了.在文献产出量与人们对其吸收量上,有一个形象比     

如何激发员工绿色行为?绿色变革型领导与绿色人力资源管理实践的作用

鉴于当今环境问题的严峻性, 如何激发绿色行为逐渐成为社会各界关注的一个话题。本研究从绿色变革型领导和绿色人力资源管理实践两大绿色管理利器入手, 探究两者能否共同激发员工绿色行为。基于以往文献, 本研究提出两组竞争性假设：基于线索一致理论, 认为绿色变革型领导与绿色人力资源管理实践正向交互影响员工绿色行为; 此外, 基于领导替代理论, 认为绿色变革型领导与绿色人力资源管理实践负向交互影响员工绿色行为。研究1a (N = 91)和研究1b (N = 220)采用实验法, 发现绿色变革型领导与绿色人力资源管理实践发挥协同作用, 正向交互预测员工绿色行为。研究2采用问卷法, 搜集了三时点上下级配对数据(N = 173), 不仅再次支持了研究1的发现, 还进一步揭示环保目标清晰度的中介作用。以上结果支持了线索一致性理论在绿色管理领域的适用性, 并启示企业在绿色管理过程中可以软硬兼施, 联合运用绿色变革型领导和绿色人力资源管理实践两大策略。     

有关遗传与精神分裂症的文献评论(上)

本文评论了有关支持精神分裂症遗传理论的心理学文献,评论了四个研究方面:精神分裂症的生理学方面,精神分裂症在总人口中的发病率,精神分裂症在家庭成员中的发病率,以及控制环境对精神分裂症的影响的研究。这个文献没有发现支持遗传理论,而是用心理病理学的社会模型能更好说明。     

领导人际情绪管理和员工建言的关系：有调节的中介效应分析

近年来,领导人际情绪管理（LIEM）作为一种管理和调节下属消极情绪的领导行为正逐渐受到学界关注。本研究通过问卷调查,搜集了314份员工和领导的配对数据。研究结果显示：领导人际情绪管理积极影响员工建言行为;下属信任在领导人际情绪管理和员工建言行为间起到部分中介作用;权力距离对下属信任的中介效应起到调节作用。     

领导-部属交换对领导和部属工作结果的双向影响机制

首先回顾了领导-部属交换的定义及国内外相关实证研究。然后,从双向、社会交换、跨文化和交换网络视角,论述了中国企业的领导-部属交换对领导和部属工作结果的双向影响机制研究：（1）从领导和部属双向视角,研究领导-部属交换对领导和部属工作结果的影响作用;（2）从社会交换理论视角,探索领导-部属交换分别对领导和部属产生影响作用的内在过程和机制;（3）从跨文化和交换网络视角,考察中国企业的领导-部属交换对领导和部属产生影响作用的个体和组织条件。在综述相关文献的基础上提出了明确的研究假设。最后,指出了领导-部属交换对领导和部属工作结果的双向影响机制研究的未来趋势。     

领导非工作时间电子通信预期影响下属工作绩效的多路径模型

领导预期下属非工作时间随时保持联系、并且及时回复工作信息已成为当下数字经济时代中的职场新常态。文章基于资源保存理论, 构建领导非工作时间电子通信预期(After-hours electronic communication expectations, AECE)影响下属工作绩效的多路径模型。通过实验研究, 以及多时点、多来源的问卷调查研究, 结果发现：(1)在资源获益路径, 领导AECE会通过增强下属组织自尊, 提升工作绩效; (2)在资源损耗路径, 领导AECE会增加下属的压力感知; (3)在资源威胁路径, 领导AECE会引发下属的名声担忧, 进而降低工作绩效; (4)自我领导调节资源威胁路径, 即当下属自我领导水平较高时, 领导AECE通过名声担忧降低工作绩效的间接效应被削弱。整合的理论框架为解释领导AECE对下属工作绩效的复杂影响提供更全面的解释, 这不仅丰富了AECE相关文献, 拓展了资源保存理论在数字经济管理背景下的应用, 同时也为“随时待命”这一职场新常态提供管理实践启示。     

评论效价、新产品类型与调节定向对在线评论有用性的影响

对于新产品推出的成功与否, 较早采用者的评论和建议的影响相当巨大, 本研究通过两个实验研究评论效价(正面评论/负面评论)、新产品类型(渐进性新产品/革新性新产品)和调节定向(促进定向/防御定向)对新产品在线评论有用性的影响。实验1设计为2(新产品类型：渐进性新产品/革新性新产品)×2(评论效价：正面/负面)的组间操控设计, 结果表明：相对于渐进性新产品, 负面评论对革新性新产品的有用性更高, 正面评论对渐进性新产品和革新性新产品的有用性差异不显著。实验2设计为2(新产品类型：渐进性新产品/革新性新产品)×2(评论效价：正面/负面)×2(调节定向：促进/防御)的组间操控设计, 结果表明：促进定向的个体认为正负面评论有用性差异不大, 而防御定向的个体认为负面评论有用性显著高于正面评论; 对于促进定向的个体来说, 新产品类型对于评论效价对评论有用性的影响有调节作用, 而对于防御定向的个体来说, 新产品类型的这种调节作用则不存在。     

《藏》外话佛教(一)──关于《藏外佛教文献》的访谈录

由《藏外佛教文献》编委会编辑、宗教文化出版社出版的《藏外佛教文献》第一辑出版以来，受到各界好评。最近本刊主编何云先生就此访问了《藏外佛教文献》主编方广博士，下面是这次访谈的记录。何云（以下简称“何”）：《藏外佛教文献》第一辑出版之后，在各方面引起良好的反响。我最近看到著名学者方立天教授的评论文章，称赞这本书的出版是“佛教文献史上具有里程碑意义的盛事”；另列、据我了解，这本书已经在日本的有关一学者中引起轰动。国内的不少僧尼、居士也纷纷来信要求订阅。在此对该书的成功，向你们这个默默耕耘的研究集体表示…     

180名处级党政干部领导能力研究

1 问题的提出领导能力一直是领导问题研究中的重点和热点之一,但在以往文献中对领导能力的实证研究却很少。徐联仓根据中国的具体情况编制了“领导能力自我评估量表”,提出了领导者应具有13种能力。俞文钊根据大量的调查研究,提出企业领导干部的主要能力指标有9项。吴凉凉在对企业管理干部职务分析基础上。根据自编的“企业领导干部基本素质问卷”提出厂长应具有13种能力。以上研究主要针对企     

Together – apart: in touch in a time of separation

This paper explores the experience of working as a Jungian analyst through the various phases of the global COVID-19 pandemic, examining the importance of the physical containing space alongside the analyst’s internal mind and how technology can both help and hinder understanding. A number of clinical vignettes illustrate the challenge of communicating over a distance, paying particular attention to the way countertransference phenomena can become re-attuned. Reference is made to mythology and symbols of hope, and consideration given to the meaning and purpose of the pandemic.     

The Possibility of Meaning in Human Evolution

Science undermines the certitude of non-naturalistic answers to the question of whether human life has meaning. I explore whether evolution can provide a naturalistic basis for existential meaning. Using the work of philosopher Daniel Dennett and scientist Ursula Goodenough, I argue that evolution is the locus of the possibility of meaning because it has produced intentionality, the matrix of consciousness. I conclude that the question of the meaning of human life is an existentialist one: existential meaning is a product of the individual and collective tasks human beings undertake.     

Phenotypic plasticity and archetype: a response to common objections to the biological theory of archetype and instinct

Since Jung’s death in 1961, scholars have attempted to integrate growing biological science data into Jungian concepts such as the collective unconscious, instincts and the archetypes. This enterprise has been challenging due to persistent false dichotomies of gene and environment occasionally arising. Recent works by Roesler (2022a, 2022b) for example, have raised objections to the biological theory of archetypes, but the objections are plagued by such dichotomies. The concept of phenotypic plasticity, however, helps to both avoid this problem as well as bridge the gap between competing theories into a more integrated model with solid biological foundations.     

When is it time to stop? When good enough becomes bad enough

This article draws on Winnicott’s concept of the good enough mother to discuss how to know whether a therapeutic situation is good enough to continue or bad enough to end. This dilemma is explored in terms of clinical syndromes, such as anorexia and pathological gambling, but focuses mainly on analyst-initiated endings, which are termed the ‘Casablanca dilemma’, based on an amplification of the ending of the film Casablanca. The author goes on to discuss such one-sided endings, drawing on interviews with 40 analysts and therapists about their clinical experience. A typology of bad enough endings is presented. The psychological differences between a good enough analysis as opposed to a bad enough one are explored through the ideas of Winnicott and Neumann.     

Kann Es Ein Argument Für Den Skeptizismus Geben? Das Epistemische Problem Der Irrtumsmöglichkeit

Summary  Is there any argument for scepticism? The epistemic problem of the possibility of error. Arguments for scepticism rest on the assumption that knowledge claims are fallible. For this reason the concept of knowledge appears to be questionable. Since it is necessary to distinguish doubts from possible doubts, the arguments for scepticism appear to be unconvincing. If we take it into account that we know something that is immune to doubt, we should draw the conclusion that, contrary to scepticism, knowledge claims have to be compatible with being fallible. Thus any knowledge claim is capable of being doubted.     

The transcendent function in Spitteler’s Prometheus and Epimetheus

In August 2020, John Beebe and Steve Myers met via Zoom to discuss their differing interpretations of psychological typology and the different sources within Jung’s writings that influenced their books: Integrity in Depth: Energies and Patterns in Psychological Type (Beebe), and Myers-Briggs Typology vs Jungian Individuation (Myers). The discussion centred on Spitteler’s epic poem Prometheus und Epimetheus, which forms the basis of chapter V of Psychological Types. This is both the largest chapter and one of two chapters that Jung highlighted in the Argentine foreword as containing the essence of the book. Jung’s book is primarily about the transformation of personality rather than the categorization of people. Although it contains a critical psychology that deconstructs the nature of consciousness, that is only one half of the book and a stepping-stone to the other half, which is the reconciliation of opposites with particular emphasis on the relation of consciousness and the unconscious. Jung assumed that readers were already familiar with Prometheus und Epimetheus, an understanding of which sheds light on the nature of the transformation that Jung described – the development of a new attitude towards attitude itself.     

Chapter 6: Biblical Foundations for a Practical Theology of Aging

SUMMARY

This article reviews Biblical sources pertaining to the elderly, particularly the frail elderly. Founded on these sources, implications for elderly with Alzheimer's Disease and other forms of dementia are addressed through a personal perspective informed by writings of Christian mystics.     

Seeing in the Dark: A View into Dissociation and Healing

In this paper, I will explore the role of art-making, the experience of trauma and dissociation, and the process of working with self-states from an analytic and creative frame. Relevant literature on dissociation, trauma, and the use of art will be discussed. A case involving my work with an adolescent girl who had experienced sexual abuse from a family member will be shared, with an emphasis on the meaningful role images played during the therapeutic process. Both Jungian and psychoanalytic models of conceptualizing and working with dissociation are included, following Donald Kalsched’s (2013) recommendation for a “binocular stance” to treatment, including both a focus on the inner, intrapsychic world and the interpersonal, relational realm, and how art images both illuminated and expressed these realms. Within the therapeutic process, art images allowed the therapist a view into the client’s unconscious process, and created a meeting ground for dissociative barriers to be gradually seen, felt and known, by both therapist and client. The experience of dissociation, in images and in session, provided a reference point for myself and my client, Taylor, to develop a shared understanding and a framework for growth.