论"似非而是"的治疗策略

临床上有的治疗策略看似抱薪救火 ,与治疗目的背道而驰 ,实则曲径通幽 ,与其他方法殊途同归 ,类似于所谓的“以毒攻毒” ,暂且称之为“似非而是”的治疗策略。深入探讨这些治疗策略的机制 ,可以发现它蕴含深厚的哲学基础。1　几种常见的“似非而是”的治疗策略1 1　抑制心功能的药物治疗慢性心功能不全 :β -受体阻滞剂是肾上腺素能 β -受体拮抗剂 ,可降低心率、抑制心脏收缩 ,从而减少心脏排血量 ,抑制心功能 ,因此曾经被视为心功能不全时的禁忌药物。其后首先在扩张型心肌病中发现 ,使用 β -受体阻滞剂尽管在短期内有可能加重心功能不全…     

"正是者"的"思"与"爱"

本文分析奥古斯丁三一神学中人的“是”的来源、方式、内容和品质。(1)人的“是”来源于创造主,上帝作为“我正是我所正是”的“正是者”,创造了人的“是”,故而人的“是”是“正是”。(2)由于上帝是一而不是多,上帝有其固有的“同一性”,故而人亦有其“同一性”。(3)但由于人不是上帝,而是介于上帝与虚无之间,因此人“是”的方式不是“永恒”,而是作为“永恒”尘世形象的“时间”。(4)人的时间之“是”中,集中体现了上帝形象的,乃是“现在”或“正是”,作为“活生生的现在”,“正是”将“过去的现在、现在的现在、将来的现在”统一在一起,构成人的活生生的同一性。(5)奥古斯丁对“活生生的现在”分析是与意识分析结合在一起的,过去一记忆、现在一理解、将来一预期。(6)人“正是”的内容主要是“思”。(7)决定“正是”的品质的,是与“思”紧密连结在一起的“爱”。     

论"新潮"小说"文本"和"文体"的融合

“新潮”小说创作以“先锋”、“实验”的姿态进入文学领域时 ,一个要解决的基本问题便是创作的“文本”意识和“文体”观念。“文本”意味着以文为本 ,以人与故事为结构基础 ;“文体”构成的基本层面和实存状态是一种话语方式。在作家的具体写作行为中“文本”和“文体”应该水乳交融 ,因为“文本”的意味只有在“文体”的抖露中才能有效地呈现     

怎样学习"点"、"线"、"面"的基本动作

上期我们介绍了有关圣乐指挥的“点”、“线”、“面”的理论知识,这期我们要介绍怎样学习圣乐指挥“点”、“线”、“面”的基本动作要领。一、圣乐指挥“点”的基本动作要领圣乐指挥“点”的基本动作犹如拍皮球,,拍到皮球的一瞬间为拍点,主动向下拍好球后,被动向上提起, 为下一次拍皮球作准备。而指挥的动作是:手由上而下     

客观全面地认识和治疗疾病

本期“临床决策研究”栏目由杨宁等撰写的“客观认识心脏介入治疗”对目前心脏介入治疗进行了客观评价和反思,认为目前由于医疗卫生体制不完善,医疗机构过分追求经济效益等因素的影响,使心脏介入治疗技术出现了偏差,文章指出心脏介入治疗的应用,应该严格把握适应证,社会效益与经济效益相结合,在配备好的硬件设施的同时,更要重视软件的培养,作者强调应用心脏介入治疗技术治疗心脏疾病,必须将自然科学和社会科学结合起来,用最恰当、最合适的诊治方案为患者去除病痛。     

《周易》的"章"与"文"

《易经》有“章”无“文”,以“章”立美;《易传》有“章”有“文”,以“文”概“章”。“章”与“文”有同有异。在诉诸视觉感性之“纹”的含义上,二者有共同点。差异在于,“章”“以实致虚”,主实;“文”以“以虚带实”,主虚。“章”主实,着眼于有形的地物之美,可以用于表达概括性的审美观念。“文”主虚,其审美观在《易经》中为宇宙观的神秘氛围所包围,主旨是沟通神人关系,为人赐福,而不是审美。《易经》有“章”无“文”,只有从美学角度才能说得清楚。“章”与“文”的差异,一方面表明《易经》的美学意蕴立足于坤地之美,而未及乾天,另一方面还预示了形式美观念必然经历从“章”到“文”的历史性演变。     

汉儒称"六经"为"六艺"考

学术界一直以为,自孔子创立儒学以来,儒家所谓“六艺”,就既指《诗》、《书》、《礼》、《乐》、《易》、《春秋》六部经典,又指礼、乐、射、御、书、数六种技艺。但本文通过对有关史料的考证,提出了不同看法。本文认为：“六经”称谓至迟流行于战国中后期,而“六艺”称谓却只是在《吕氏春秋》中才偶尔使用,流行起来更是在汉初以后。随着“六艺”称谓的流行,汉初儒者开始以“六艺”称“六经”。汉儒将先秦“六经”改称为“六艺”,并非出于学科规范考虑,而是服务于其变“经”为“艺”、变“学”为“术”的学术转向。而这一转向之所以发生,又是因为汉初儒者有争取立儒学为国家惟一官方哲学的强烈愿望。     

从"耳目"、"喉舌"到"向导"、"政监"——略论清末报人的办报理念与公众舆论的话语伦理

清朝末年,随着报刊业的发展和社会思潮的流转,报人对报刊的社会角色和功用提出了自己的理解,始曰“耳目”、“喉舌”,继之言“第四种族”与“舆论之母”,再则称“政监”与“向导”,愈转愈进,愈转愈激。由于立意于作为“政监”和“向导”,报刊特重“主观”之“言论”,遂由“代言”而逐渐转向“灌输”,甚至直接“制造舆论”。因此,尽管报人与报刊仍以代表“公意”、“公益”而自期,但主观之“言论”究竟在多大程度表达了“一般国民之公共意志”而于“民主政治”建设有所贡献,不免令人生疑。     

"讲"与"看"的思维拓展

中学美术欣赏课“讲”与“看”的教学环节必须建立在“大美术”概念的框架上,揭示欣赏内容与本学科、相关学科的相互关系。以讲述带动“情感”和“意识观念”的转变。“讲”与“看”必须是在教师描述、学生想象创造以及直观性示范讲解等情形下得以实施。注重“讲”与“看”的相互作用和课堂外的审美实践活动,以综合性美术教育的理念来提高中学生总体的美术欣赏水平和综合素质。     

论"孝"与"仁"的关联维度

在儒家的理论体系中,“孝”与“仁”之间具有深层的关联维度。“血缘亲情”是二者关联的现实起点,“人性本善”是价值基础,“能近取譬”是思维方法。“孝”与“仁”之间的层级性的差异与连续性统一,生成一种认识、价值与实践层面的必要张力。     

"Psychotherapy" versus "treatment"

Presents a comment on "Psychological treatments" by D. H. Barlow. Barlow proposed that we distinguish between the terms "treatment" and "psychotherapy." The author believes that not only is the distinction unnecessary, but that its implications could have negative consequences for the field of clinical psychology. It is the proposed distinguishing feature that treatments are "specifically tailored to the pathological process that is causing the impairment and distress" that is most problematic. Clinical psychology does not need a distinction that further exacerbates the split between researchers and practitioners.     

"Enmeshment" and "Fusion"

The paper examines two related concepts utilized by two different schools of family therapy. Any family seen to be "enmeshed" is also seen as "fused," and vice versa. The difference in the level of focus, on the "system containing the individuals" (structural) or the "individual in the system" (fusion), determines the difference in therapeutic approach of these two schools.     

"本体论"与"伦理学"--形而上学的两个向度

形而上学有两个密切相关的内在向度,就是本体论向度与伦理学向度.在哲学史上,哲学家们之所以在"追求形而上学"的同时,又总是"反形而上学",并非是人们的形上本性出了问题,而是因为人们总是将形而上学视为单纯的"一维性",总是用一个向度来取代或遮蔽另一个向度.而所谓的"后形而上学思想",也并不是消解了形而上学,而是指形而上学从"本体论向度"转向了"伦理学向度".     

“对的”与“好的”

什么是“对的”,和对它的证立,是道德哲学中具有争议性的核心问题,也是效用主义和道义论间的主要差异之所在。统合效用主义对于“好的就是对的”这个陈述有一套完整周延的说法。而道义论对这个问题的证立不够周延或没有足够的说服力。     

从"管制"到"平衡"--政府与公众理想关系模式的构建及其制度化

论文从行政民主的角度探讨政府与公众之间的理想关系模式及其制度化构建过程 ,将我国在改革之前的政府与公众模式概括为管制模式。论文指出 ,在制度变迁的过程中 ,这一模式日益受到挑战。而在新的制度环境下 ,我国政府与公众的关系模式应该是平衡模式。这一模式的制度化措施包括培育自主的市民社会 ,赋予公众以独立的活动空间 ;促进行政公开 ,建立一个开放负责的政府 ;推进行政法建设 ,抑制行政恣意     

PREFERRING "HOUSEWIVES" TO "FEMINISTS"

Four studies are described outlining the favorability of attitudes toward women. In Study 1, participants indicated their attitudes toward women and men and their construal of the term "women". The results revealed that women were evaluated more favorably than men, but that male right-wing authoritarians (RWAs) who construed women as referring primarily to feminists were least favorable in their attitudes. In Study 2, participants indicated their attitudes toward both "housewives" and "feminists". The results revealed that feminists were evaluated less favorably than housewives, and that the most negative attitudes toward feminists were expressed by authoritarian men. Study 3 revealed that high-RWA males held more negative symbolic beliefs concerning feminists (i.e., beliefs that feminists failed to promote participants'values) and that these beliefs accounted for variation in attitudes among high RWAs and much of the RWA-attitude relation. Finally, Study 4 revealed that high RWAs perceived greater value dissimilarity between them-selves and feminists. The implications of the findings for future research are discussed.     

"石狮"、"风水"与"吉祥"

谁都知道,在古老的中国,不管是衙门、宫殿、庙宇的门前,还是豪宅、大户人家的门口,人们都能看到摆着一对石狮。据说,这对石狮子在许多中国人的心目中,它不但是一种气派的象征,而且还是一种被人认为是好的“吉祥物”。如今,旧时的衙门没有了,但遗留下来的宫殿、庙宇的门前,其中有些石狮仍有保存。然而,想像不到的是,这号称“吉祥物”的石狮今天却开始“走”进某些党政机关的大门口,它们(石狮)在那里时时都在保护着这些政府要员“平平安安”、“吉祥如意”。这不仅使我联想起一些极端的报道,有些政府官员为升迁,请算命先生定位,用风水术为政府…     

"Us" and "Them":

Abstract: In the Aristotelian tradition, politics is a matter of public deliberation over questions of justice and injustice. The Bush administration's response to the terrorist attacks of September 11, 2001, has been uniformly hostile to this notion, and it has instead promoted a jingoistic politics of self‐assertion by an America largely identified with the executive branch of its government. This is doubly disturbing, as the executive branch has sought to free itself from international law, multinational commitments, and domestic judicial regulation, even as it has sought to validate itself by demonizing its enemies. This essay draws out the disturbing echoes here of Carl Schmitt's work of the 1920s, in particular of Schmitt's conception of the sovereign as the ungrounded ground of the law and the political as the site of mortal conflict between friend and enemy. The essay argues that Schmitt's position in the twenties, for all of its evident problems, is superior to that of Bush, Wolfowitz, and Ashcroft in at least two senses: Schmitt condemns the idea of waging war for profit and recognizes that such wars will often be disguised as moral crusades waged against the “inhuman”; and he acknowledges that claiming to fight a war for humanity denies one's enemies their humanity, leaving them open to torture and even extermination.