义利之辨与社会主义义利观

本文从批判义利之辨是“古典的陈旧课题和话语”的观点出发 ,指出义利之辨是古往今来一切伦理学所寻求正确的价值观所必须开展的伦理思维活动 ,并分析了社会主义条件下的义利之辨 ,探讨了义利之辨与社会主义义利观之间的关系 ,认为只有通过义利之辨 ,才能真正形成义利并重和义利统一的社会主义义利观。     

从中国古代的两种义利观说到义利统一论的现代道德观

义利关系问题，历来是道德论争的基本问题。中国古代伦理学史上的思想家们在这个问题上有过长期激烈的争论，在争论中形成了绵延数千年的两种义利观，即儒家主流派的重义轻利说和非主流派的义利并重的进步义利观。认真总结和清理这笔思想遗产，认清其至今犹存的正面或负面...     

传统义利观的评述及其改造

传统义利观的评述及其改造蒋建民作为中国伦理思想史基本范畴的义利观,古往今来一直成为人们所探讨的重大问题。而围绕义（道义）与利（功利）的关系所展开的争论即“义利之辩”,从先秦起,便开始了它的发展轨迹,延续至今,未能有果。然而,要进行社会主义道德建设,又...     

中国传统义利观的诠释学审视

“义利”问题是关乎人类社会伦理生活的基本问题.从诠释学的角度对“义”与“利”的原义考察、“义利关系”的深意挖掘、“义利观”的时代意蕴找寻是一种新的诠释重建.这种新的诠释重建有利于中国传统义利观的现代转换.     

儒墨义利论比较

儒墨义利论比较张国钧义利之辩一直是中国哲学史的重要问题,而同为先秦时期的“显学”的儒墨两家的义利观在义利范畴的发展上有其开创性的价值,因此对儒墨义利论进行比较,是很有意义的。儒墨二家所揭示的义利内涵有很大的差别,儒家的义利概念大致有公利和私利、道义和...     

孔、孟、荀义利观研究

义和利的关系问题是中国社会发展过程中经常遇到的问题,也是中国哲学史上长期争论不休的问题。不同的思想家从各自的立场出发,提出了不同的义利观,并且相互争论,形成所谓“义利之辩”。人们对义利观的讨论始于先秦时期,两千多年来,儒家的义利观在中国历史上有着巨大的影响,孔子是儒家的创始人,孟子和苟子是其后的两位大儒,是孔子思想的最具代表性的继承人。孔子、孟子和苟子的义利观基本代表了儒家的义利观,因而,研究他们的义利现具有重要的意义。一我们在研究孔、孟、苟三子的义利观时,首先要厘清孔孟苟思想的内在联系,并把它…     

墨子义利观之考辨

墨子之义利观源自其兼爱非攻之观念,并将义利之观念用于解决乱世之象.墨子义利观念之义可分为仁义、道义,利可分为公利、他利与私利,各种义与利之间有着一定的关联,墨子之义利观体现了深刻的人文关怀.     

简论孟子对孔子义利思想的继承和发展

孟子对孔子义利思想的继承和发展是较为全面的,他把孔子精短的义利思想作了扩展和加深,使儒学义利思想进一步具体化和条理化。孔子和孟子二人在义利思想的基本点上是一致的,不存在着孔子尚义轻利与孟子尚义反利的重大差异,也不存在着孔孟只讲动机不重效果的问题。孔孟的义利观是以仁义为先、义利通变、动机与效果相统一的义利观。     

社会主义义利观的三个问题

纵观历史,每当社会发生重大变革时,在意识形态中,首先受到冲击的就是义利观。今天也不例外,“主观为自己,客观为别人”合理吗？“一切向钱看”行吗？“不为建设者只为淘金者（功利主义）”可以吗？这些是当代中国社会主义改革过程中,先后出现的“义利之辨”的几个问...     

论汉人义利观与汉代家庭关系

春秋战国时期的＂义利之辩＂成为＂百家争鸣＂的一个重要内容。在这个时期内形成的各派义利思想为汉代各种义利观的形成奠定了基础。汉人的义利观主要包括重义轻利或先义后利、重利轻义或见利忘义两种义利观。从两汉四百多年的历史来看,重义轻利的义利观对当时的政治、经济、社会、文化产生了广泛的影响,成为汉代人们处理各种社会关系尤其是家庭内部关系的主流思想。本文即是对汉人的义利观与家庭关系进行初步的分析,以期对社会主义新型义利观的建立起到一定的借鉴作用。     

"Psychotherapy" versus "treatment"

Presents a comment on "Psychological treatments" by D. H. Barlow. Barlow proposed that we distinguish between the terms "treatment" and "psychotherapy." The author believes that not only is the distinction unnecessary, but that its implications could have negative consequences for the field of clinical psychology. It is the proposed distinguishing feature that treatments are "specifically tailored to the pathological process that is causing the impairment and distress" that is most problematic. Clinical psychology does not need a distinction that further exacerbates the split between researchers and practitioners.     

"Enmeshment" and "Fusion"

The paper examines two related concepts utilized by two different schools of family therapy. Any family seen to be "enmeshed" is also seen as "fused," and vice versa. The difference in the level of focus, on the "system containing the individuals" (structural) or the "individual in the system" (fusion), determines the difference in therapeutic approach of these two schools.     

“对的”与“好的”

什么是“对的”,和对它的证立,是道德哲学中具有争议性的核心问题,也是效用主义和道义论间的主要差异之所在。统合效用主义对于“好的就是对的”这个陈述有一套完整周延的说法。而道义论对这个问题的证立不够周延或没有足够的说服力。     

"本体论"与"伦理学"--形而上学的两个向度

形而上学有两个密切相关的内在向度,就是本体论向度与伦理学向度.在哲学史上,哲学家们之所以在"追求形而上学"的同时,又总是"反形而上学",并非是人们的形上本性出了问题,而是因为人们总是将形而上学视为单纯的"一维性",总是用一个向度来取代或遮蔽另一个向度.而所谓的"后形而上学思想",也并不是消解了形而上学,而是指形而上学从"本体论向度"转向了"伦理学向度".     

"石狮"、"风水"与"吉祥"

谁都知道,在古老的中国,不管是衙门、宫殿、庙宇的门前,还是豪宅、大户人家的门口,人们都能看到摆着一对石狮。据说,这对石狮子在许多中国人的心目中,它不但是一种气派的象征,而且还是一种被人认为是好的“吉祥物”。如今,旧时的衙门没有了,但遗留下来的宫殿、庙宇的门前,其中有些石狮仍有保存。然而,想像不到的是,这号称“吉祥物”的石狮今天却开始“走”进某些党政机关的大门口,它们(石狮)在那里时时都在保护着这些政府要员“平平安安”、“吉祥如意”。这不仅使我联想起一些极端的报道,有些政府官员为升迁,请算命先生定位,用风水术为政府…     

从"管制"到"平衡"--政府与公众理想关系模式的构建及其制度化

论文从行政民主的角度探讨政府与公众之间的理想关系模式及其制度化构建过程 ,将我国在改革之前的政府与公众模式概括为管制模式。论文指出 ,在制度变迁的过程中 ,这一模式日益受到挑战。而在新的制度环境下 ,我国政府与公众的关系模式应该是平衡模式。这一模式的制度化措施包括培育自主的市民社会 ,赋予公众以独立的活动空间 ;促进行政公开 ,建立一个开放负责的政府 ;推进行政法建设 ,抑制行政恣意     

PREFERRING "HOUSEWIVES" TO "FEMINISTS"

Four studies are described outlining the favorability of attitudes toward women. In Study 1, participants indicated their attitudes toward women and men and their construal of the term "women". The results revealed that women were evaluated more favorably than men, but that male right-wing authoritarians (RWAs) who construed women as referring primarily to feminists were least favorable in their attitudes. In Study 2, participants indicated their attitudes toward both "housewives" and "feminists". The results revealed that feminists were evaluated less favorably than housewives, and that the most negative attitudes toward feminists were expressed by authoritarian men. Study 3 revealed that high-RWA males held more negative symbolic beliefs concerning feminists (i.e., beliefs that feminists failed to promote participants'values) and that these beliefs accounted for variation in attitudes among high RWAs and much of the RWA-attitude relation. Finally, Study 4 revealed that high RWAs perceived greater value dissimilarity between them-selves and feminists. The implications of the findings for future research are discussed.     

"Us" and "Them":

Abstract: In the Aristotelian tradition, politics is a matter of public deliberation over questions of justice and injustice. The Bush administration's response to the terrorist attacks of September 11, 2001, has been uniformly hostile to this notion, and it has instead promoted a jingoistic politics of self‐assertion by an America largely identified with the executive branch of its government. This is doubly disturbing, as the executive branch has sought to free itself from international law, multinational commitments, and domestic judicial regulation, even as it has sought to validate itself by demonizing its enemies. This essay draws out the disturbing echoes here of Carl Schmitt's work of the 1920s, in particular of Schmitt's conception of the sovereign as the ungrounded ground of the law and the political as the site of mortal conflict between friend and enemy. The essay argues that Schmitt's position in the twenties, for all of its evident problems, is superior to that of Bush, Wolfowitz, and Ashcroft in at least two senses: Schmitt condemns the idea of waging war for profit and recognizes that such wars will often be disguised as moral crusades waged against the “inhuman”; and he acknowledges that claiming to fight a war for humanity denies one's enemies their humanity, leaving them open to torture and even extermination.