构筑审美乌托邦的根本途径——论马尔库塞的"想象"

马尔库塞关学理论的最终目的和根本意图,是通过以艺术为中心的审美革命消除异化,实现人的解放.在这个过程中,想象发挥了巨大作用.想象具有异在性,是建立新感性的基础和动力.作为艺术活动基本思维方式的想象,构筑了分别指向过去和未来的两种乌托邦.简言之,想象在审美世界中的自由驰骋,成为人实现自我解放的动力,也是构筑审美鸟托邦的根本途径.     

浅析"十二音作曲法"与"等节奏技术"的异同

勋伯格的“十二音作曲法”和产生于14世纪法国的“等节奏技术”在音乐史上都曾经产生了重大的影响。二者虽然在创作手法上有相似之处,但由于各自产生的历史时期不同,因此在音响色彩、思想内涵等方面存在着诸多差异。     

"慎"的两个维度

"慎",是中国古代贤人推崇的基本德性之一.从道德修养的角度来分析,慎德有两个重要的维度,即慎微与慎独.慎德的这两个重要维度,既存在着共同点,又各有其独特的含义和功能.对于道德修养来说,这二者都不可或缺,但又不应等量齐观.本文拟根据古人的有关论述,对这两个概念作出初步辨析,并说明这二者在道德修养中的地位和作用.     

“创造性想象力”与审美表象之生成的关系探究

"创造性想象力"作为天才内心的一种不可或缺的能力,它对于理想的形象塑造具有重要的生成作用,借助于理想的形象,主体的审美理念才得以显现。在鉴赏判断中,康德提出了两条重要的审美先天原理"主观形式的合目的性"与"共通感",主体以不同的审美先天原理可以获得独具特质、内蕴丰富的审美表象。探究二者如何在"创造性想象力"的推波助澜下赋予对象以审美表象,是对康德"想象"理论的一次审美实践。     

中学生文学审美趣味的培育——对中学生"最喜爱的课外书"的调查研究

中学生喜爱的课外书是多种多样的.不过.其中大部分为文学作品.这一点表明,近些年来一些学者所谓的"文学终结"的说法完全是耸人听闻的.当然,今天中学生的文学审美趣味的培育仍存在着诸多的问题.     

"虚静"之境与"禅"之境

道家的虚静说,与佛家的禅境,历来被人认为是一种审美的至境、化境。它们所强调的虚一而静和一念顿悟,即是以超越的心态,与俗世人生拉开距离,以保证主体注意力的审美转向,进而达到对于观审对象的高峰体验。这是一种独特的审美心境,是人类诗意生存所必须的想象中的心理平衡。     

高校艺术教育发展初探

在当代社会中,素质教育在我国教育事业中已占有举足轻重的地位.教育部2002年9月1日起施行的《学校艺术教育工作规程》指出:"艺术教育是学校实施美育的重要途径和内容,是素质教育的有机组成部分."美育是生活中不可或缺的,它培养人发现美、认识美的审美感知、审美想象和创造的能力.艺术是一种生命的表达形式,体现着作者对待生活的态度,一种看待事物的眼光.美育和艺术教育,二者相辅相成,可使受教育者自然、健康、文明、快乐地且有责任、有尊严、有爱心、有创意地生活.     

趋势偏向超越--关于审美文化的思考

审美文化已在当代社会产生了广泛而深刻的影响.审美文化一方面有其兴盛的必然性和存在的必要性,另一方面又存在着"过"与"不及"并存的偏向.基于此,作者主张紧扣大众的审美实践加强审美理论研究,正确认识审美在人类社会中的地位和作用,科学区分审美的层次,并针对审美文化中感性化过盛、宣泄功能过强等偏向,注重在感性表现中发掘、弘扬理性意义,增强审美的精神超越性,从而使审美文化基于必然,超越实然,走向应然.     

"关系说"、"审美关系论"美学思想辨析

在对美学史作历时性考察时,我们经常会发现这样一种现象,即许多貌似一致或相近的理论提法往往具有不同的内涵,分别应对于各自的问题情境而各有所指.它们之间或者存在着某种影响关系,或者彼此不甚相干,因此需要认真地加以辨别.美学史上的诸种"关系说"("审美关系论")也是这样,本文选取其中有代表性的几种提法加以分析,目的在于从产生它们的语境出发,理清它们各自的侧重点,以及"关系"本身在其理论建构中的特殊地位和功能,以加深对它们的认识.     

中国古典艺术的哲学思辩

一、引言 罗素说,要了解一个时代或者民族,必须首先了解他的哲学.每一个伟大的文明背后都有伟大的哲学存在.哲学是一切文化的核心是民族精神生命力的体现.是文明成熟的标志,是文明人类对自身命运的思考.没有哲学的民族是注定不会有远大前途的.而艺术是人类运用的一种特殊方式,她以情感和想象为特性来把握和反映世界并表示对世界和自身及二者关系的看法.她通过审美创造活动再现现实,表现情感和理想,在想象中实现审美主体及客体的相互对象化.通俗地说,艺术是人的知识、情感、理想意念等综合心理活动的特殊产物,是人们现实生活和精神世界的形象表现.     

Seeing and hearing and space and space and time

A previous experiment had shown spatial location to be judged in terms of the framework provided by the modality in which stimuli were presented. In the present study, digits were either auditorally or visually presented, and in either form the three digits appeared successivly to the left, in the center, and to the right of the S. The digit which occurred temporally in the middle of the sequence was never central from the spatial viewpoint. The S was asked to indicate which digit was the middle one. Ss were blind, deaf, or normal. The deaf and two control groups saw visual displays, and the blind and their controls heard auditory displays. The former groups predominantly chose the spatially middle digit and the latter groups the temporally middle. It was concluded that modality of presentation was the trigger which switched in the coding dimension of time or space.     

Bob and Carol and Tess and Ali

Conflicting religious experiences in different traditions do not necessarily defeat the rationality of conflicting beliefs sustained by those experiences in those traditions. The circularity that protects religious beliefs from such mutual defeat is not vicious. Moreover, the lack of ‘epistemological humility’ exhibited by such believers poses no threat to world peace. In fact, a campaign for compulsory humility would itself constitute a much greater threat.     

Law and Gospel,and Youth and Family Ministry

Abstract : If “faith comes through hearing” the word of God comprised in law and gospel, how do the imperatives that characterize ‘Youth and Family Ministry’ make such hearing possible? Here, literature delineating ‘Youth and Family Ministry’ is analyzed in light of its biblical foundations. The primary lens implemented in this analysis is the law/gospel hermeneutic advocated by Martin Luther and other reformers.     

Extremes of self-esteem and narcissism and the experience and expression of anger and aggression

This study examined the level of self-esteem and narcissism as personality variables involved in the disposition to experience and express anger. Three hundred thirty-eight subjects were sampled across two higher education centres and one student teaching programme in the United Kingdom. It was reasoned that individuals with both high self-esteem and narcissism would report especially high tendencies to experience and express anger and aggression and that those with high self-esteem and low narcissism would report the lowest. These predictions were influenced by theories that emphasise the role of threats to high self-esteem in the production of aggression and violence. Results indicate that groups defined by their extreme scores on self-esteem and narcissism scales produced levels of anger expression in the predicted direction. The importance of considering extreme levels of self-esteem and narcissism (in conjunction with other factors) in an analysis of anger is discussed with reference to currently influential theories in the field. Aggr. Behav. 24:421–438, 1998. © 1998 Wiley-Liss, Inc.     

Dance and psychotherapy--possibilities and limits

From a starting point of therapeutic and prophylactic components identifiable in the dance, the authors regard the dance as deserving of greater attention than was hitherto the case in programs of physiotherapy, psychotherapy, and sociotherapy. From the existing essays at a therapy basing on body and motion, they infer basic common points, and to promote discussion, they state their attitudes in respect of the potential and rank of the dance in the concept of complex multimodal psychotherapy.     

Yin and Yang,and the Hot and the Cold

Yin and Yang are important concepts in ancient Chinese philosophy.Western scholars have become more familiar with these two concepts recently,but for a long time almost no one considered comparing them with their own tradition such as the ancient Greek philosophy,and especially with the ideas of the Hot and the Cold in Presocratic philosophy.In this paper,I make an attempt to do exactly that,and especially make a detailed comparison between the thoughts of two ancient thinkers:Laozi and Anaximander.I discuss the thought of Yin and Yang in Laozi-who was the earliest philosopher making use of the concepts Yin and Yang-to express his cosmological thought in ancient Chinese philosophy.Comparatively,I discuss the ideas of the Hot and the Cold in Anaximander,the earlier among Presocratic philosophers referring to the Hot and the Cold as fundamental concepts used to establish his cosmological system.Through this comparison,I indicate that the similarity between ancient Chinese and Western traditions is far more significant than what people are used to imagining.     

Perversion and infancy and adolescence

Abstract

Studying the works of Freud and Lacan, the authors carried out research on perversion in childhood. Their work covered the perverse polymorphism of infantile sexuality and the perception of the anatomic difference between the sexes that leads the child to create sexual theories and fantasies. The phallic mother and the fetish are viewed as imaginary solutions directly related to the Oedipus and castration complexes. In perversion, a particular position is taken in relation to the Oedipus complex: a serious flaw occurs in the symbolization of the law, and the mechanisms of denial and disavowal take form. Sexuality requires a second “logical time,” separated from infancy by the latency period, in order to confirm (in action) that a fixed position of jouissance (enjoyment) has actually been established. This can only happen in a period after adolescent enhancement. The distinction between perverse traces and a perverse structure is made, taking into account the fact that, in the case of child analysis, the analyst should free the child from the family fantasy and help him/her to build his/her own fantasy.

Campos Santoro V. et al. Perversion und Kindheit und Adoleszenz.

Im Studium der Arbeiten von Freud und Lacan haben die Autoren Forschung über Perversion in der Kindheit gemacht. Die Studien behandeln den perversen Polymorphismus der infantilen Sexualität und die Wahrnehmung des anatomischen Unterschiedes zwischen den Geschlechtern, welche das Kind dazu führt, Sexual-Theorien und Phatasien zu schaffen.

Die phallische Mutter und der Fetisch werden als imaginäre Lösungen angesehen, die sich direkt auf den Ödipus- und Kastrations-Komplex beziehen. Bei der Perversion wird eine besondere Position in Bezug auf den Ödipus angenommen; ein ernsthafter Mangel tritt bei der Symbolisierung des Rechts auf; die Mechanismen der Verneinung und der Verleugnung bilden sich. Sexualität erfordert eine zweite “logische Zeit”, von der Kindheit durch die Latenz Periode getrennt, um (in der Handlung) zu bestätigen, daß eine fixierte Position der jouissance (Vergnügung) sich tatsächlich etabliert hat. Das kann sich nur in einer Periode nach der adoleszenten Verstärkung ereignen.

Es wird die Unterscheidung zwischen perversen Spuren und einer perversen Struktur gemacht, in Rechnung stellend, daß im Fall der Kinder-Analyse der Analytiker das Kind von der Familien-Phantasie befreien sollte und ihm/ihr helfen sollte, seine/ihre Phantasie auszubilden.

Campos Santoro V. Perversión e infancia y adolescencia.

Estudiando los trabajos de Freud y Lacan, los autores han investigado la perversión en la niñez. Los estudios cubren la sexualidad infantil perversa polimorfa y la percepción de la diferencia anatómica entre los sexos, que llevan al niño a crear teorías sexuales y fantasías.

La madre fálica y el fetiche son vistos como soluciones imaginarias relacionadas directamente con el complejo de Edipo y de castración. La perversión, toma una posición particular en relación al Edipo; un fallo importante tiene lugar en la simbolización de la ley; los mecanismos de negación y repudio toman forma. La sexualidad requiere un segundo “tiempo lógico” separado de la infancia por el periodo de latencia, para confirmar (en acto) que una posición fija de jouissance (goce) se ha establecido. Esto solo puede ocurrir en un periodo posterior a la intensificación adolescente.

La distinción entre las huellas perversas y la estructura perversa se ha hecho, teniendo en cuenta que, en el caso del análisis de niños, el analista debe librar al niño de la fantasía familiar y ayudar a el/ella a construir su propia fantasía.     

神圣、凡俗与净明、忠孝

本文结合有关宗教学理论,对宋元净明道所推崇的"净明"、"忠孝"概念进行了解析.作者以为:宋元净明道视世俗性的道德实践为"神圣"的宗教修炼,实与宗教学中的凡俗可以"转换"为神圣之理论相合;而净明道徒的这种"转换",则多与其个体的"宗教体验"有关.至于元代净明道借"无极"概念来释"净明",以"净明"为回复宇宙根源之境界,则合于宗教人经验到与万物的根源、终极的本体或神圣的世界契合之感.换言之,宋元净明道的"净明"、"忠孝"说,实与各种宗教的本质有着相通之处.