共查询到20条相似文献,搜索用时 15 毫秒
1.
In this paper we present an analysis of persuasive definition based on argumentation schemes. Using the medieval notion of
differentia and the traditional approach to topics, we explain the persuasiveness of emotive terms in persuasive definitions by applying
the argumentation schemes for argument from classification and argument from values. Persuasive definitions, we hold, are
persuasive because their goal is to modify the emotive meaning denotation of a persuasive term in a way that contains an implicit
argument from values. However, our theory is different from Stevenson’s, a positivistic view that sees emotive meaning as
subjective, and defines it as a behavioral effect. Our proposal is to treat the persuasiveness produced by the use of emotive
words and persuasive definitions as due to implicit arguments that an interlocutor may not be aware of. We use congruence
theory to provide the linguistic framework for connecting a term with the function it is supposed to play in a text. Our account
allows us to distinguish between conflicts of values and conflicts of classifications.
相似文献
Douglas Walton (Corresponding author)Email: URL: www.uwinnipeg.ca/~walton |
2.
3.
Jacob Busch 《Philosophia》2009,37(1):55-65
The underdetermination of theory by data argument (UD) is traditionally construed as an argument that tells us that we ought
to favour an anti-realist position over a realist position. I argue that when UD is constructed as an argument saying that
theory choice is to proceed between theories that are empirically equivalent and adequate to the phenomena up until now, the
argument will not favour constructive empiricism over realism. A constructive empiricist cannot account for why scientists
are reasonable in expecting one theory to be empirically adequate rather than another, given the criteria he suggests for
theory choice.
相似文献
Jacob BuschEmail: |
4.
Eveline T. Feteris 《Argumentation》2008,22(4):489-506
In this article the author develops a framework for a pragma-dialectical reconstruction of teleological argumentation in a
legal context. Ideas taken from legal theory are integrated in a pragma-dialectical model for analyzing and evaluating argumentation,
thus providing a more systematic and elaborate framework for assessing the quality of teleological arguments in a legal context.
Teleological argumentation in a legal context is approached as a specific form of pragmatic argumentation. The legal criteria
that are relevant for the evaluation of teleological argumentation are discussed and translated in terms of critical questions
that are relevant for the evaluation of the various forms of teleological argumentation.
相似文献
Eveline T. FeterisEmail: |
5.
Anna Bjurman Pautz 《Philosophical Studies》2008,141(2):147-156
There seems to be a perfectly ordinary sense in which different speakers can use an empty name to talk about the same thing.
Call this fictional coreference. It is a constraint on an adequate theory of empty names that it provide a satisfactory account of fictional coreference.
The main claim of this paper is that the pretense theory of empty names does not respect this constraint.
相似文献
Anna Bjurman PautzEmail: |
6.
Andrew Mason 《Res Publica》2009,15(2):179-194
Some moral theorists defend a holistic account of practical reasons and deny that the possibility of moral thought depends
upon the existence of moral principles. This article explores the implications of this position for theorising about justice,
which has often aspired to provide us with an ordered list of principles to govern our institutions and practices.
相似文献
Andrew MasonEmail: |
7.
In this article we defend the inferential view of scientific models and idealisation. Models are seen as “inferential prostheses”
(instruments for surrogative reasoning) construed by means of an idealisation-concretisation process, which we essentially
understand as a kind of counterfactual deformation procedure (also analysed in inferential terms). The value of scientific
representation is understood in terms not only of the success of the inferential outcomes arrived at with its help, but also
of the heuristic power of representation and their capacity to correct and improve our models. This provides us with an argument
against Sugden’s account of credible models: the likelihood or realisticness (their “credibility”) is not always a good measure
of their acceptability. As opposed to “credibility” we propose the notion of “enlightening”, which is the capacity of giving
us understanding in the sense of an inferential ability.
相似文献
Xavier de Donato RodríguezEmail: |
Jesús Zamora Bonilla (Corresponding author)Email: |
8.
Strategic Maneuvering in Mathematical Proofs 总被引:1,自引:0,他引:1
Erik C. W. Krabbe 《Argumentation》2008,22(3):453-468
This paper explores applications of concepts from argumentation theory to mathematical proofs. Note is taken of the various
contexts in which proofs occur and of the various objectives they may serve. Examples of strategic maneuvering are discussed
when surveying, in proofs, the four stages of argumentation distinguished by pragma-dialectics. Derailments of strategies
(fallacies) are seen to encompass more than logical fallacies and to occur both in alleged proofs that are completely out
of bounds and in alleged proofs that are at least mathematical arguments. These considerations lead to a dialectical and rhetorical
view of proofs.
相似文献
Erik C. W. KrabbeEmail: |
9.
Albert Atkin 《Philosophia》2008,36(3):313-326
This paper traces a lost genealogical connection between Charles S. Peirce’s later theory of signs and contemporary work in
the philosophy of language by John Perry. As is shown, despite some differences, both accounts offer what might be termed
a multi-level account of meaning. Moreover, it is claimed that by adopting a ‘Peircian turn’ in his theory, Perry might overcome
alleged shortcomings in his account of cognitive significance.
相似文献
Albert AtkinEmail: |
10.
Frank Arntzenius 《Erkenntnis》2008,68(2):277-297
I argue that standard decision theories, namely causal decision theory and evidential decision theory, both are unsatisfactory.
I devise a new decision theory, from which, under certain conditions, standard game theory can be derived.
相似文献
Frank ArntzeniusEmail: |
11.
Ernest Sosa 《Philosophical Studies》2009,144(1):137-147
Paul Boghossian discusses critically my account of intuition as a source of epistemic status. Stewart Cohen takes up my views
on skepticism, on dreams, and on epistemic competence and competences and their relation to human knowledge. Hilary Kornblith
focuses on my animal/reflective distinction, and, along with Cohen, on my comparison between how dreams might mislead us and
how other bad epistemic contexts can do so. In this paper I offer replies to my three critics.
相似文献
Ernest SosaEmail: |
12.
The major purpose of this paper is to propose a comprehensive model describing the effects of response sets within the theory
framework of the stages of responding to questionnaires, and taking into account the effects of collectivist and individualist
attributes within cross-cultural contexts. The introduction of this model aims to provide a construct that may help minimize
biases in questionnaire-based research as well as providing new directions for theoretical and empirical research in the field
of response sets.
相似文献
Robyn DixonEmail: |
13.
Elizabeth Brake 《Ethical Theory and Moral Practice》2007,10(3):243-254
This paper develops a Kantian account of the moral assessment of institutions. The problem I address is this: while a deontological
theory may find that some legal institutions are required by justice, it is not obvious how such a theory can assess institutions
not strictly required (or prohibited) by justice. As a starting-point, I consider intuitions that in some cases it is desirable
to attribute non-consequentialist moral value to institutions not required by justice. I will argue that neither consequentialist
nor virtue-ethical accounts account for these intuitions, suggesting that a distinctive deontological account is needed. The
account I give is drawn from Kant’s Metaphysics of Morals; I distinguish it from Kantian views of institutions developed by Barbara Herman and Onora O’Neill. Throughout, I use marriage
as an example.
相似文献
Elizabeth BrakeEmail: |
14.
Mark Moyer 《Philosophical Studies》2008,141(3):299-322
The fission of a person involves what common sense describes as a single person surviving as two distinct people. Thus, say
most metaphysicians, this paradox shows us that common sense is inconsistent with the transitivity of identity. Lewis’s theory
of overlapping persons, buttressed with tensed identity, gives us one way to reconcile the common sense claims. Lewis’s account,
however, implausibly says that reference to a person about to undergo fission is ambiguous. A better way to reconcile the
claims of common sense, one that avoids this ambiguity, is to recognize branching persons, persons who have multiple pasts
or futures.
相似文献
Mark MoyerEmail: |
15.
Hans Muller 《Philosophia》2009,37(1):109-112
I have argued that to say qualia are epiphenomenal is to say a world without qualia would be physically identical to a world
with qualia. Dan Cavedon-Taylor has offered an alternative interpretation of the commitments of qualia epiphenomenalism according
to which qualia cause beliefs and those beliefs can and do cause changes to the physical world. I argue that neither of these
options works for the qualia epiphenomenalist and thus that theory faces far more serious difficulties than has previously
been recognized.
相似文献
Hans MullerEmail: |
16.
Igor Douven 《Philosophical Studies》2009,144(3):361-375
It is widely believed that the so-called knowledge account of assertion best explains why sentences such as “It’s raining
in Paris but I don’t believe it” and “It’s raining in Paris but I don’t know it” appear odd to us. I argue that the rival
rational credibility account of assertion explains that fact just as well. I do so by providing a broadly Bayesian analysis
of the said type of sentences which shows that such sentences cannot express rationally held beliefs. As an interesting aside,
it will be seen that these sentences also harbor a lesson for Bayesian epistemology itself.
相似文献
Igor DouvenEmail: |
17.
Christian Kock 《Argumentation》2009,23(1):61-80
Leading contemporary argumentation theories such as those of Ralph Johnson, van Eemeren and Houtlosser, and Tindale, in their
attempt to address rhetoric, tend to define rhetorical argumentation with reference to (a) the rhetorical arguer’s goal (to
persuade effectively), and (b) the means he employs to do so. However, a central strand in the rhetorical tradition itself,
led by Aristotle, and arguably the dominant view, sees rhetorical argumentation as defined with reference to the domain of
issues discussed. On that view, the domain of rhetorical argumentation is centered on choice of action in the civic sphere,
and the distinctive nature of issues in this domain is considered crucial. Hence, argumentation theories such as those discussed,
insofar as they do not see rhetoric as defined by its distinctive domain, apply an understanding of rhetoric that is historically
inadequate. It is further suggested that theories adopting this understanding of rhetoric risk ignoring important distinctive
features of argumentation about action.
相似文献
Christian KockEmail: |
18.
19.
Neil Pembroke 《Pastoral Psychology》2009,58(4):433-443
The concept of witnessing to hope reminds us that nurturing hope is fundamentally a communal endeavor. In the Christian tradition,
this witnessing takes a particular form. It involves the use of the ironic imagination: Death leads to new life, the poor
are considered blessed, and the faithful boast in their suffering. It is argued that a central pastoral task is stimulating
the ironic imagination. While this can take place in a number of settings, the focus here is on public worship. Practical
examples of how this task might be executed are offered.
相似文献
Neil PembrokeEmail: |
20.
This paper presents an new epistemicist account of vagueness, one that avoids standard arbitrariness worries by exploiting
a plenitudinous metaphysic.
相似文献
Andrew McGonigalEmail: |