初中生创造性人格与说谎行为的联系:自尊的作用*

创造力一直被普遍视为促进社会与个人进步的积极力量,但对其消极后果却所知甚少。研究从创造力的阴暗面入手,以123名初二学生为被试,探讨了创造性人格与个体说谎行为的联系,并进一步考察了外显/内隐自尊结构在其中发挥的区别性作用。结果表明:(1)初中生的创造性人格与其说谎行为出现的可能性呈显著正相关,为创造力与道德的关系提供了更充分的证据;(2) 外显自尊与内隐自尊是两个独立的结构;(3) 不同自尊结构组被试创造性人格与说谎行为的相关程度不存在显著差异,自尊结构在创造性人格与说谎行为之间未发现明显的调节作用。     

青少年自尊与攻击的关系：中介变量和调节变量的作用

以705名初、高中生为被试,采用量表法和同伴提名法收集数据,探讨了自尊与攻击的关系以及对二者关系可能有影响的中介变量和调节变量的作用。结果表明：（1）自尊与攻击的相关系数为-0.21,这说明低自尊与高攻击有关;（2）回归方程纳入自控后,自尊对攻击的预测在统计意义上不明显,表明自尊通过自控对攻击产生影响,自控在自尊与攻击的关系中起着中介的作用;（3）社会地位对自尊与攻击之间的关系具有调节作用,它调节着两者关系的强度;（4）社会影响对自控的中介作用具有调节作用     

自尊与社交焦虑的关系：基于中国学生群体的元分析

运用元分析方法探讨自尊与社交焦虑的关系。经过文献检索和筛选, 共纳入原始文献58篇, 含58个独立样本, 被试总数达32181名。根据同质性检验结果, 选择随机效应模型分析发现, 自尊与社交焦虑存在中等程度的负相关(r = -0.35, 95%CI为[-0.39, -0.31]), 社交焦虑测量工具类型能够显著调节两者的关系, 但性别和被试类型对二者的关系不存在显著的调节效应。结果表明个体的自尊水平与社交焦虑关系密切, 支持了自尊的恐惧管理理论和社交焦虑认知理论。未来应开展纵向研究或实验研究来揭示自尊与社交焦虑的因果关系。     

青少年内隐自尊与自我防卫关系研究

对84名被试的内隐自尊、外显自荨与自我防卫关系的研究结果表明:(1)外显自尊与显性自恋存在显著正相关,与隐性自恋存在显著负相关.内隐自尊与隐性自恋存在显著正相关,两种自尊对自我防卫预测作用不同.(2)内隐自尊与外显自尊的分离指标与隐性自恋存在显著正相关,提示内隐自尊与外显自尊差距越大,自我防卫水平越高.(3)内隐自尊与外显自尊分离指标与显性自恋存在显著负相关.     

语义距离与创造性思维关系的元分析

自然语言处理的发展为探究语义距离与创造性思维的关系提供了可靠且有效的研究方法。近些年关于两者之间关系的研究逐渐增多,但研究结论并不一致。本研究基于创造力联想理论及扩散激活模型,通过元分析的方法探讨了语义距离与创造性思维的整体关系,并且分析了以往研究结论不一致的原因。本文经过文献检索和筛选后获得14项研究,提取r值作为效应值(共53个效应值,4729个独立样本),并使用随机效应模型进行了元分析。结果显示：语义距离与创造性思维存在中等程度的正相关(r=0.379, 95%CI [0.300, 0.452]);二者的相关强度受到被试年龄和创造性思维不同测量指标的调节。研究结果表明语义距离与创造性思维关系密切,同时解释了以往研究结论不一致的原因。上述结果不仅能为更深入地探讨创造性思维的认知神经机制提供新的研究视角和理论解释,而且有助于更全面地理解语义距离与创造性思维二者的关系及其边界条件,为更好地解释、预测和提升创造力提供科学依据和重要启示。     

大学生自尊与宽恕倾向的关系:社会认可需要的中介作用

自尊与宽恕的关系在国内外的研究中仍存在争议。本研究采用SES、社会自尊、MCSD和Heartland宽恕量表对我国225名大学生进行问卷调查,以探讨自尊(社会自尊和个体自尊)与宽恕倾向的关系,以及社会认可需要在二者关系中的中介作用。结果发现,对于全体研究对象而言,社会自尊比个体自尊对宽恕倾向的预测作用更大。在男生群体中,社会自尊预测宽恕倾向,且社会认可需要的中介作用不成立;在女生群体中,个体自尊预测宽恕倾向,且社会认可需要在个体自尊与宽恕倾向之间起完全中介作用。产生这一结果的原因与我国文化对自尊、宽恕的理解以及二者在两性中的差异有关。     

青少年同伴依恋对抑郁的影响:朋友社会支持和自尊的中介作用

为探讨青少年同伴依恋与抑郁的关系,以及社会支持和自尊在二者关系中的作用机制,采用父母和同伴依恋问卷(IPPA)中的同伴依恋分量表、领悟社会支持量表(PSSS)、自尊量表(SES)和流调中心用抑郁量表(CES-D)对668名中学生进行调查,结果发现:(1)青少年同伴依恋、朋友社会支持和自尊两两之间呈显著正相关,且三者与抑郁均呈显著负相关。(2)青少年同伴依恋不仅能直接负向预测抑郁,而且还能通过自尊的单独中介作用对抑郁产生影响;朋友社会支持的单独中介作用以及社会支持→自尊的链式中介作用在初、高中生群体中存在差异,即在初中生群体中,同伴依恋能够通过社会支持的单独中介作用以及社会支持→自尊的链式中介作用对抑郁产生影响,而在高中生群体中,这两种间接作用均不显著。研究结果揭示了青少年同伴依恋对抑郁产生影响的心理机制,为引导青少年建立良好的同伴依恋,促进自尊及心理健康发展提供了有益建议。     

大学生自尊水平与人际信任的相关研究

本文对大学生的自尊水平与人际信任之间的关系进行了研究,为研究大学生的人际交往水平和社会适应性提供依据。本研究采用自尊量表和人际信任量表对320名大学生进行调查,并运用SPSS软件进行统计分析。结果表明,大学生在自尊水平总分和人际信任水平总分上均存在年级差异。大学生的自尊水平和人际信任水平之间存在显著的正相关关系。     

青少年公正世界信念对抑郁的影响:感恩和自尊的序列中介作用

为探讨青少年公正世界信念与抑郁的关系,以及感恩和自尊在二者关系中的作用机制,采用公正世界信念问卷(BJW)、感恩问卷(GQ-6)、自尊量表(SES)和流调中心用抑郁量表(CES-D)对1049名高中学生进行调查。结果发现:(1)青少年公正世界信念、感恩和自尊两两之间呈显著正相关,且三者均与抑郁呈显著负相关。(2)青少年公正世界信念通过感恩和自尊的中介作用对抑郁产生影响,且该中介效应包含了三条中介路径——感恩的简单中介效应,自尊的简单中介效应,以及感恩→自尊的链式中介作用。研究结果揭示了青少年公正世界信念对抑郁产生影响的内部心理机制,为引导青少年更好地利用公正世界信念提升感恩和自尊的水平以及更好地促进心理健康发展提供了有益建议。     

话务员成就目标与工作倦怠关系的研究

目的:探讨话务员成就目标与工作倦怠的关系。方法:采用修订的成就目标量表、工作倦怠量表调查270名移动一线话务员。结果:1.掌握目标取向与负性的情绪耗竭以及玩世不恭存在显著负相关,而与成就动机存在显著正相关;2.表现趋向以及表现回避与情绪耗竭、玩世不恭存在显著正相关,与成就动机存相关系数不显著;3.掌握目标取向负向预测情绪耗竭以及玩世不恭,而正向预测成就动机,而表现回避正向预测情绪耗竭和玩世不恭。结论:掌握目标取向的个体感受的倦怠程度越低,而表现回避和表现趋向的得分越高的个体感受职业倦怠程度越高。     

Creativity in Middle Childhood: Influence of Perceived Maternal Sensitivity,Self-esteem,and Shyness

This study aimed to examine the relationship between maternal sensitivity and affect, as perceived by the child, and childhood creativity. Self-esteem and shyness were considered mediating factors. A total of 151 elementary school pupils were tested on verbal and pictorial creativity, self-esteem, and perceived maternal affect and sensitivity. Their teachers assessed each child’s shyness in their relations at school. A Multiple Indicators and Multiple Causes (MIMIC) model of the causal relationships among the study’s variables was tested. Results supported this theoretical model of causality. Maternal sensitivity had a significant, direct, positive effect on self-esteem, and a direct negative effect on shyness. In addition, self-esteem had a direct positive effect on verbal creativity and shyness had a negative direct effect on verbal and pictorial creativity. The indirect effect of maternal sensitivity on verbal creativity was significant via both self-esteem and shyness. The findings were discussed in terms of their implications for child development.     

Creativity and Self-esteem in Adolescence: A Study of Their Domain-Specific,Multivariate Relationships

Although empirical investigations on the Creative Self have historically started with a focus on self-esteem, the literature on its relationship with creative performance remains thin and inconsistent, with estimated relationships ranging from moderate and negative, to strongly positive. Discrepancies may be explained by the domain-specificity of both creativity and self-esteem that have been widely overlooked in this line of work. Therefore, this study explores the multivariate relationships between creativity in three domains (Music, Literary-Verbal, Graphic) and self-esteem in seven domains (e.g., Academic, Emotional) among 170 adolescents. Creative productions were scored by four raters, and latent consensus in each domain captured using a multi-informant latent-consensus model in SEM. This model was further extended in a structural model reveling that (a) creativity is mainly domain-specific, and (b) the contribution of domain-specific self-esteem on domain-specific creativity greatly varies according to both the domains of creativity and self-esteem. Up to 30% of the variance in creative performance was explained by “domain-relevant” self-esteem facets, and a moderate contribution of creative self-esteem across creativity domains. Results are discussed in light of several important methodological directions for this line of work, as well as its implications for creativity-based interventions designed to support positive self-esteem development in adolescence.     

Moderating Effect of Self-Esteem on the Relationship between Perfectionism and Creative Thinking among Collegiate Dancers

Social cognitive theory has supported the view that perfectionism can be a hindrance to creativity, and also considers self-esteem to have a moderating effect on their relationship. Therefore, the purpose of this study was to examine the moderating effect of self-esteem on the relationship between perfectionism and creativity in college dancers. Two hundred and sixty-six college dance students completed the Multidimensional Perfectionism Scale of Frost, the Rosenberg Self-Esteem Scale, and the New Test of Creative Thinking. The moderating effect was tested with a four-step moderated hierarchical regression analysis. Bivariate analyses showed that creative thinking was, as a dependent variable, significantly related to multidimensional perfectionism and self-esteem in college dancers. Additionally, the hierarchical regression analysis revealed that self-esteem moderated the association between multidimensional perfectionism and creative thinking after controlling for selected socio-demographic characteristics. It can thus be concluded that self-esteem might regulate the positive effect of multidimensional perfectionism on creative thinking. Professional dance instructors who are working with perfectionist dancers should, therefore, seek ways to improve dancers’ self-esteem as one of the strategies to improve their creative thinking.     

父母教养方式对小学高年级学生社会创造力的影响：自尊的中介作用

采用整群抽样法选取548名小学高年级学生为被试,考察父母自主支持、心理控制与社会创造力间的关系以及自尊在其中的中介作用。结果发现：（1）女生社会创造力水平明显高于男生,农村学生社会创造力适宜性水平高于城市学生。（2）典型相关分析发现,在父母教养方式和社会创造力的关系上,交换意见、收回爱能够解释适宜性,自主选择能够解释独创性;（3）父母自主支持正向预测子女的社会创造力（γ=0.27）,心理控制则负向预测子女的社会创造力（γ=-0.29）;自主支持通过自尊的完全中介作用影响社会创造力（中介效应值为0.12）,心理控制则通过自尊的部分中介作用影响社会创造力（中介效应值为0.05）,模型的总解释率R²=0.27。     

上行比较影响行为表现—不同类型高自尊的作用

已有研究表明,上行比较对高自尊个体产生积极效应。然而鉴于高自尊包括安全性高自尊和防御性高自尊,有必要在上行比较影响不同任务领域内的行为表现这一观点的基础上探讨高自尊的不同类型对上行比较与行为表现之间关系的影响。两个实验均采用高自尊类型、上行比较和任务领域一致性的2×2×2混合因素设计,不同之处在于其分别采用创造性测验和非创造性的语词测验作为不同领域任务。结果表明,防御性高自尊个体没有像安全性高自尊个体那样采取领域转换策略来修复自我关注,由上行比较所引起的领域转换只对安全性高自尊个体产生积极影响。     

状态与特质之分：来自社会创造性的证据

以整群取样的方式选取650名小学儿童,采用社会创造性故事情境问卷、小学儿童社会创造性倾向问卷,分别测量了儿童在问题情境中的社会创造性和日常生活中的社会创造性,同时采用小五人格学生问卷中的开放性分量表、Rosenberg(1965)编制的自尊量表以及互联网使用偏好问卷中的(网络交往)信息交流偏好分量表,考察了儿童问题情境中的社会创造性与日常生活中的社会创造性的特点和性质。结果表明:(1)二者的发展趋势有所不同,儿童在问题情境中的创造性得分总体上呈现“倒Z形”的发展趋势,而日常生活中的创造性倾向总体上呈现“U形”发展趋势;(2)两种社会创造性与经验开放性、自尊及网络交往(信息交流)偏好呈现不同的相关,日常生活中的社会创造性与经验开放性、自尊及网络交往偏好均具有极其显著的正相关,问题情境中的社会创造性与经验开放性、自尊之间也具有显著正相关,但相关系数较低,而且与网络交往偏好无显著相关;(3)经验开放性、自尊和网络交往偏好均可以显著地预测日常生活中的社会创造性,而难以预测问题情境中的社会创造性。这表明,社会创造性可能存在状态与特质之分。     

How does workplace ostracism hurt employee creativity? Thriving at work as a mediator and organization-based self-esteem as a moderator

Drawing on the socially embedded model of thriving and conservation of resources theory, we explore the negative effect of workplace ostracism on employee thriving. We model organization-based self-esteem (OBSE) as a moderator and extend our examination to the downstream implications of thriving for employee creativity. Using a scenario-based experiment (Study 1) with 387 working adults, we find that workplace ostracism is more likely to prevent workers with higher levels of OBSE from thriving at work. This finding is verified in Study 2, in which we use multiwave, multisource data collected from 207 employees and their supervisors to test the proposed model. The results further show that for employees with higher levels of OBSE, thriving at work is more likely to mediate the relationship between workplace ostracism and employee creativity. These findings provide important practical implications for fostering employee thriving and promoting creativity in the workplace by managing workplace ostracism.     

绩效薪酬对雇员创造力的影响:人-工作匹配和创造力自我效能的作用

采用296对上下级匹配数据考察了绩效薪酬对创造力的影响以及人-工作匹配的调节效应和创造力自我效能的中介效应。研究结果表明:绩效薪酬对创造力有倒U形影响;创造力自我效能部分中介了绩效薪酬对创造力的倒U形影响;人-工作匹配调节绩效薪酬与创造力的关系,人-工作匹配度越高,中等强度绩效薪酬的正面效应越强,高强度绩效薪酬的负面效应越弱;绩效薪酬与人-工作匹配的交互效应通过创造力自我效能的完全中介效应影响创造力。     

Pubertal timing and self-esteem in adolescents: The mediating role of body-image and social relations

The aim of this study was to investigate the relationship between pubertal timing and self-esteem, and the mediating role of body-image, parent–adolescent interaction and peer support within this relationship. The sample comprised 526 adolescents, aged 10–13. Two measures of pubertal timing were used: perceived pubertal timing and pubertal timing based on Pubertal Development Scale (PDS). There were no differences in self-esteem between groups of adolescents with different pubertal timing based on PDS. Perceived early maturation was related to lower self-esteem in girls, and higher self-esteem in boys. We found evidence that the relationship between girls' perceived pubertal timing and self-esteem is mediated through the following variables: closeness to mother and father, and conflict with mother. In boys, mediators of the relationship between perceived pubertal timing and self-esteem are body-image and excessive control by mother. The results imply that interventions aiming to improve early maturing girls' self-esteem should focus on the interaction with their parents.     

Art Making and Identity Formation in Children and Adolescents with Differing Social Behaviors

Not everyone develops social behaviors and interaction skills in an expected manner. This study explored the relationship between art making and identity formation in children and adolescents who were identified as having differing social behaviors. In three small group settings, 17 participants created abstract self-portraits from modeling compound and responded to questions about their self, self-concept, and self-esteem. From this, a model was created to describe identity formation as it relates to the relationships between social environment, desired occupations and activities, and creativity. Practice guidelines are proposed for those who provide children and adolescents with opportunities to make art as part of sessions aimed to promote the development of a healthy self-concept.