Report of the ACA Ethics Committee: 1992–1993

The activities of the American Counseling Association (ACA) Ethics Committee are summarized for the year 1992–1993. Complaints received and adjudicated by the committee as well as formal inquiries regarding ethical conduct are summarized.     

Analysis of NTSB Aircraft‐Assisted Pilot Suicides: 1982–2014

On March 24, 2015, a Germanwings aircraft crashed in the Alps. The suicidal copilot killed himself and 150 others. Pilot suicide is rare, but does happen. This research analyzed the National Transportation Safety Board's accident database (eADMS) looking for pilots who died by suicide in flight. Fifty‐one suicides were identified. Gender, age, and other characteristics were examined. Average age of suicidal pilots was 38, significantly different from the average age of 45 for all male pilots involved in aircraft accidents. A discriminant function accurately identified suicidal incidents at 96%. There was a high false‐positive rate limiting the usefulness of the discriminant function.     

A Historical Survey of Police Suicide in Queensland,Australia, 1843–1992

Police suicide research has yielded inconsistent results. An opportunity presented to survey Queensland police suicides in a historical context and add to the existing literature; the study describes changes in police suicide over time, the associated characteristics, and opportunities for intervention. Suicides were examined from the origins of police in Queensland in 1843 up to 1992. Suicide rates were higher earlier, around 60 per 100,000, declining to around 20 per 100,000 recently. The recent rate is lower than most other police studies but the same as the general community (employed). Most suicides were associated with psychological and physical ill health, alcohol abuse, and domestic problems, in keeping with general community surveys. However, occupational problems were more evident than is generally the case. The proximity in time of disciplinary events and suicides was striking. Future studies should explore the interactions between these factors.     

Temporal Trends and Geographic Patterns of Teen Suicide in Alaska, 1979–1993

The author analyzed death certificate and U.S. census data to document trends in suicide rates among Alaskans 14–19 years of age. During 1979–1993, Alaskan teenagers had a suicide rate of 31.5 per 100,000 persons per year. Suicide rates varied up to sixfold by race, gender, and local census area of residence; in particular, Alaska Native males had one of the highest documented suicide rates in the world. Suicide rates increased two- to threefold during the study period for persons less than 18 years of age, while remaining stable for older teenagers. Within census areas, suicide rates correlated inversely with the percentage of all households headed by a married couple.     

Trends in Advertised Entry-Level Technology,Interpersonal, and Basic Communication Job Skills, 1992–1994

This study identifies entry-level employment trends in technology, interpersonal, and basic communication job skills over time using classified newspaper advertisements from standard metropolitan statistical areas (SMSAs) in the United States. These skills were selected from a set of workplace know-hows listed in two editions of a U.S. Department of Labor report, the Secretary's Commission on Achieving Necessary Skills (SCANS; 1991, 1992). The results indicate that classified ads specifically requesting technical and interpersonal job skills have declined, yet ads requesting basic communication skills have remained constant, with a high percentage specifically requesting these basic skills.     

Report of the ACA Ethics Committee: 1993–1994

The activities of the American Counseling Association (ACA) Ethics Committee are reviewed for the year 1993–1994. Summary data of ethical complaints and formal inquiries received during the year are presented followed by a brief discussion of trends noted. Updated information about the revision of the ACA Ethical Standards and the Policies and Procedures for Processing Complaints of Ethical Violations is also provided.     

Classification of Attempted Suicide: A Review of Empirical Studies, 1963–1993

A review was carried out on empirical studies on the classification of attempted suicide over the period 1963-1993. Our aim was to investigate whether there is research evidence for a valid classification of homogeneous subgroups of suicide attempters. After assessment of the research quality, 32 studies were selected for comparison. Although there is lack of consistency among the studies, indications were found for two clearly distinguished subgroups characterized by mild and severe suicide attempts, which constitute the opposite poles of a one-dimensional concept of severity.     

An Examination of the “Greening of Christianity” Thesis Among Americans, 1993–2010

Some environmental and religious scholars, religious leaders, and media figures have claimed there has been a “greening of Christianity” in the United States since the mid‐1990s. Such a trend would be socially significant, as the integration of Christian values and environmental values may invigorate both domains. Using nationally representative data from the 1993 and 2010 General Social Surveys, we analyze how green self‐identified Christians in the U.S. general public are in their pro‐environmental attitudes, beliefs, and behaviors. Using structural equation modeling, we find no clear evidence of a greening of Christianity among rank‐and‐file Christians in the general public between 1993 and 2010. Indeed, the patterns of our results are quite similar to those from earlier decades, which documented that self‐identified Christians reported lower levels of environmental concern than did non‐Christians and nonreligious individuals. We did find evidence of some greening among evangelical Protestants, especially relative to mainline Protestants, between 1993 and 2010. We close by suggesting a few fruitful avenues for further research in this area via variable‐oriented, case‐oriented, and experimental studies and discussing some theoretical implications of our findings.