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1.
基于职业的内隐年龄偏见   总被引:3,自引:0,他引:3  
本研究针对119名大学生,采用内隐联想测验(Implicit Associa-tion Test,IAT)和相应的外显报告法,考察大学生针对不同职业的内隐与外显年龄偏见。结果表明,在大学生中普遍存在基于职业的内隐年龄偏见;职业年龄偏见是双向的,即有的职业偏好年轻人,有些职业偏好年长者;而且有些被试的内隐和外显态度存在不一致性。  相似文献   

2.
考察个体对不同社会阶层的公平偏见及内隐态度,对社会治理和发展具有重要意义。采用内隐联想测验(IAT)对上述问题进行了探讨,结果发现,相对于低社会阶层,个体更易将公平性词汇与高社会阶层相联结(实验1);也更易将积极性词汇与高社会阶层相联结(实验2)。上述结果表明,个体存在社会阶层偏好,对高社会阶层持有一种更加公平的、积极的内隐认知。  相似文献   

3.
大学生内隐职业偏见和内隐职业性别刻板印象研究   总被引:17,自引:3,他引:17  
于泳红 《心理科学》2003,26(4):672-675
本研究采用内隐联想测验和相应的外显报告考察了大学生被试在职业偏见和职业性别刻板印象中的态度。结果表明,被试的内隐和外显态度出现了分离,大学生中普遍存在着内隐职业偏见和职业性别刻板印象。该研究再次证明了内隐联想测验是一种有效的测量内隐态度的方法。  相似文献   

4.
内隐偏见在医疗卫生领域广泛存在。从偏见的起源、概念、分型出发,对医疗卫生领域中内隐偏见的类型、表现形式进行总结,以内隐联想试验为基础介绍了内隐偏见的常用测量方法和临床应用情况,重点分析了内隐偏见对患者照护的影响,包括影响医务人员与患者的互动、影响治疗决定和治疗结局三方面,并从个人层面和组织层面的不同维度提出减少内隐偏见的有效策略,为提高医疗护理服务质量,保证医疗照护服务的公平性提供参考和依据。  相似文献   

5.
自我的内隐社会认知研究   总被引:1,自引:0,他引:1  
自我的内隐社会认知研究具备坚实的理论基础,又有严格的实证研究方法,可以促进自我理论的深入发展。目前,内隐社会认知的自我研究已经成为自我研究的新生力量。文章最后对该取向的意义和趋势作了展望。  相似文献   

6.
先前的研究表明人们在加工和自我相关的信息时会更加敏感,形成自我偏见,然而这种敏感性可能会因为语境的不同而不同。本研究运用功能磁共振成像技术,考察单语语境(全局控制)和混合语境(局部控制)对自我偏见的影响。结果发现,单语第二语言(L2)语境下,自我-消极比他人-消极引发左侧额下回和左侧顶下小叶更大的激活;双语第一语言(L1)语境下,自我-积极比他人-积极引发右侧楔前叶更大的激活。这表明语境引发的语言控制影响双语者解决身份与情绪关联之间的冲突。  相似文献   

7.
偏见研究的进展   总被引:2,自引:0,他引:2       下载免费PDF全文
对社会心理学中关于偏见的研究进行了总结和展望,涉及偏见的来源、偏见的形式、偏见的消除等,介绍了偏见研究领域的一些新理论、新方法,以及关于性别偏见、种族偏见、文化偏见等的新近研究成果。  相似文献   

8.
内隐自尊的稳定性--成败操纵对内隐自尊的影响   总被引:28,自引:5,他引:28  
蔡华俭  杨治良 《心理科学》2003,26(3):461-464
本研究以瑞文智力测验为成败操纵基本任务,对成败操纵前后、接受成功反馈和失败反馈的个体在内隐联想测验中的反应及其内隐自尊情况进行了分析研究,结果表明:(1)不论是接受成功反馈还是失败反馈,成败操纵后,被试的反应速度都显著地快于操纵前;(2)不论是接受成功反馈还是失败反馈,成败操纵后,被试的内隐自尊水平都显著地低于操纵前。内隐自尊易受即时的关于自我的情绪体验的影响,具有不稳定性,当个体兴奋水平、情绪唤醒水平较高,动机较为强烈时,内隐自尊作用将受到抑制。  相似文献   

9.
中学生内隐自我价值感特征的实验研究   总被引:2,自引:1,他引:2  
翟群 《心理科学》2005,28(4):889-892
应用经过修订的内隐联想测验技术和青少年自我价值感量表对230名初中一年级至高中三年组中学生的内隐自我价值感与外显自我价值感的发展水平进行测试与分析。研究结果表明:经过修订的内隐联想测验的实验效果量良好;中学生的内隐自我价值感具有稳定性和一致性特征;内隐自我价值感与外显自我价值感是两个相对独立的结构。  相似文献   

10.
作为一种文化构念, 朴素辩证从文化与认知的角度诠释了中国人基于民众理论的思维方式。本研究首次采用内隐联想测验(IAT)的方法测量内隐层面朴素辩证概念与自我以及自我相近概念在东方被试认知中的联结, 探讨东方人内隐层面的辩证自我。文章通过2个IAT实验发现, 中国人将“我”和辩证思维词汇归为一类, 将“非我”和线性思维归为一类时反应速度更快; 且他们将“朋友”和辩证思维词汇归为一类, 将“敌人”和线性思维词汇归为一类时反应速度更快。这表明在内隐层面上, 东方人确实将辩证概念与自我以及自我相近概念联系得更为紧密。  相似文献   

11.
    
This study examined the impact of self-referential information at early stages of emotional word processing using an affective masked-priming paradigm in which positive (e.g, espetacular[awesome]) and negative (e.g., horrível[awful]) trait-adjectives were preceded by briefly primes that could be self-related (Eu sou[I am]), other-related (Ela é[She is]), or a control (%%%%%). Trait-adjectives were selected from female norms and only females participants were used to control for sex differences. Results showed that positive words were categorised faster when preceded by self-related primes than by other-related primes, though not control primes. Negative trait-adjectives were not modulated by the type of prime, even though participants were slower when they were preceded by other-related than by control primes. These findings demonstrate that taking the other-perspective entails a cost, and that the amount of priming produced by self-related and control primes was virtually the same, thus suggesting that assuming the self-perspective is a cognitively effortless process.  相似文献   

12.
In three studies, participants remembered real-life behaviours at Time 1 and attempted to recall them at Time 2. When the recall target was the self, a positivity bias emerged: self-positivity. In Study 3, self-positivity extended to an individual (target) who was liked by the participant, but did it not extend to a disliked target. For this latter target, a negativity bias emerged. For recall targets that were participants’ acquaintances, self-positivity in recall was also eliminated in Studies 1 and 3, and a negativity bias in recall emerged in Study 2. Finally, in Study 2 (but not Study 3), the favourability of participants’ self-view predicted the magnitude of the self-positivity in self-recall, but it did not predict valence effects in other-recall. Taken together, the results indicate that the link between behaviour valence and recall is moderated by the recall target and the favourability of one’s self-view.  相似文献   

13.
王霞  卢家楣  陈武英 《心理科学进展》2019,27(11):1842-1852
语言是传递情绪信息的重要媒介, 探讨情绪语言的加工过程一直是情绪研究的重点。文章聚焦于情绪词加工的ERP研究, 介绍了情绪词加工中的ERP成分、效价与唤醒度的作用关系, 以及情绪词情绪效应的特点。情绪词加工的ERP成分包括非常早期的P1-N1成分, 早期的EPN成分和晚期的LPP成分; 效价和唤醒度均在情绪词加工中具有重要作用, 但两者的关系还未得到一致结论。相比情绪图片, 情绪词加工所引发的情绪效应更弱, 并且存在积极效价偏向。今后的研究还需进一步探讨影响情绪词情绪效应产生的相关因素; 进一步区分情绪标注词和情绪负载词, 探讨两类情绪词加工的异同。此外, 结合眼动追踪技术探讨自然语境中的情绪词加工机制也是未来研究的一个重要方向。  相似文献   

14.
负性情绪刺激是否总是优先得到加工: ERP研究   总被引:6,自引:2,他引:6       下载免费PDF全文
黄宇霞  罗跃嘉 《心理学报》2009,41(9):822-831
文献广泛报道负性情绪刺激在心理加工上占据优势地位, 而也有相当多的研究并未发现正、负性刺激在加工上的差异。不同实验中注意资源量的不同可能是造成这种分歧的原因。有研究提示, 在注意资源十分匮乏时, 机体无法区别对待正性和负性刺激, 那么在注意资源充足的情况下, 负性刺激是否一定优先得到加工?当前研究以正性、中性和负性情绪图片为刺激材料, 运用线索化范式操纵注意资源, 比较不同注意条件下各情绪刺激引起的ERP波幅的差别。结果发现, 有效提示条件下的反应正确率高于无效提示下的情况, P1、N1、P2和N2成分的波幅也在两个注意水平间出现差异, 当注意资源相对充足时, 正性与负性刺激引起的LPC波幅无显著差异, 而当注意资源相对短缺时, 负性条件引起较大的LPC波幅。这一研究表明, 情绪加工受到注意因素调节, 负性刺激在资源紧张时可以得到优先加工, 而当资源充足时, 机体可以调节资源分配而使正性刺激也得到充分加工。  相似文献   

15.
    
Implicit Association Tests (IATs) often reveal strong associations of self with positive rather than negative attributes. This poses a problem in using the IAT to measure associations involving traits with either positive or negative evaluative content. In two studies, we employed non‐bipolar but evaluatively balanced Big Five traits as attribute contrasts and explored correlations of IATs with positive (e.g. sociable vs. conscientious) or negative (e.g. reserved vs. chaotic) attributes. Results showed (a) satisfactory internal consistencies for all IATs, (b) explicit–explicit and implicit–implicit correlations that were moderate to high and comparable in strength after both were corrected for attenuation and (c) better model fit for latent variable models that linked the implicit and explicit measures to distinct latent factors rather to the same factor. Together, the results suggest that IATs can validly assess the semantic aspect of trait self‐concepts and that implicit and explicit self‐representations are, although correlated, also distinct constructs. Copyright © 2008 John Wiley & Sons, Ltd.  相似文献   

16.
返回抑制(IOR)是指注意过程中个体对已搜索过的位置进行抑制, 从而在随后该位置上出现目标时发生注意重新定向或反应变慢的过程。本研究使用ERPs技术, 采用线索-靶子范式, 考察了情绪目标辨别任务中IOR的发生过程及二者的神经机制。结果发现, 与无效线索相比, 有效线索下的P1波幅更小, N1波幅更大, 正性、负性面孔N170的波幅比中性面孔大。表明当要求被试做情绪辨别任务时, IOR与对情绪信息的反应之间发生了分离, 表现出情绪加工的优先。这说明IOR和情绪偏向是发生在两种不同神经通路上的适应机制, 也为进一步探究注意与情绪的关系问题提供了来自神经电生理学的证据。  相似文献   

17.
    
The aim of the present study was to determine whether the self-enhancement effect of voice attractiveness evaluation is due to general self-positivity bias and/or the familiarity effect. The participants were asked to rate the attractiveness of their own voice, a friend's voice and strangers' voices. In addition, a self-reference valence (SR-valence) task was adopted in the experiment. Significant self-enhancement effects in voice attractiveness ratings were demonstrated, regardless of whether the participants recognized their self-voice or not. However, the friend-enhancement effect was found in only those participants who successfully recognized their friend's voice. Moreover, a significant correlation was found between self-positivity bias in the SR-valence task and the self-enhancement effect (but not the friend-enhancement effect). Our findings suggest that both the familiarity effect and self-positivity bias account for the vocal self-enhancement effect, and the influence of self-positivity bias could be implicit. The present study thus provides empirical evidence to clarify the potential explanations for the self-enhancement of voice attractiveness assessment.  相似文献   

18.
People make trait inferences immediately when observing others’ behaviours. Previous studies reported that this spontaneous trait inference (STI) occurs more strongly from negative behaviours than from positive behaviours. However, what is responsible for this negativity bias in STI is unclear. In this study, two experiments investigated the effects of valence (an event's affective positivity or negativity) and frequency (how frequently the behaviour is observed in everyday life) on the occurrence of STI using an adapted version of a savings‐in‐relearning paradigm. Experiment 1 revealed that only valence affected the frequent occurrence of STI. In addition, the instructions to suppress impression formation or to focus attention on an actor's face made no difference to the results. In Experiment 2, the negativity bias in STIs was shown a week after exposure to the behavioural stimuli. These results suggest that the negativity bias in STIs occurs robustly, and the negative valence of observed behaviour is mostly responsible for the negativity bias in STI. The importance of immediate categorization of negative stimuli is discussed in terms of ecological priority.  相似文献   

19.
    
We identify several ongoing debates related to implicit measures, surveying prominent views and considerations in each. First, we summarize the debate regarding whether performance on implicit measures is explained by conscious or unconscious representations. Second, we discuss the cognitive structure of the operative constructs: are they associatively or propositionally structured? Third, we review debates about whether performance on implicit measures reflects traits or states. Fourth, we discuss the question of whether a person's performance on an implicit measure reflects characteristics of the person who is taking the test or characteristics of the situation in which the person is taking the test. Finally, we survey the debate about the relationship between implicit measures and (other kinds of) behavior. This article is categorized under:
  • Philosophy > Representation
  • Psychology > Theory and Methods
  • Psychology > Prediction
  • Philosophy > Psychological Capacities
  相似文献   

20.
钱国英  姜媛  方平 《心理科学》2014,37(4):857-861
大量研究表明,情绪在一定程度上提高了记忆的准确性,但是情绪对记忆鲜活性的影响更大,该文关注延时条件下情绪记忆鲜活性的研究。研究采用记得/知道范式,操控图片情绪性和测验延时变量,结果发现情绪记忆的记得成绩好于中性记忆,且在不同延时测验下,正性高唤醒图片的记得成绩下降由慢到快再到慢的变化,负性高唤醒图片的记得下降由快到慢变化,而中性则快速下降。说明情绪记忆更具鲜活性,且是效价在高唤醒下起的作用。  相似文献   

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