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1.
We consider how culture impacts the translation of research into practice, focusing on the culture of the client and the culture
of the agency implementing selected programs. We build on lessons learned from a pilot study of an evidence-based family-school
partnership, Families and Schools Together (FAST), to prevent youth violence with low-income, immigrant Latino families in
Southern California. We examine the impact of cultural characteristics on the translation of this innovation into practice
at the community level, relying on an interactive systems framework developed recently by Wandersman and colleagues (2008,
American Journal of Community Psychology, 41(3–4), in press) discussed in this issue. As we point out, the culture of the
client and the culture of the agency can facilitate or impede connections within and across these interactive systems. 相似文献
2.
Balcazar FE Suarez-Balcazar Y Adames SB Keys CB García-Ramírez M Paloma V 《American journal of community psychology》2012,49(1-2):283-293
Latino immigrant families with children with disabilities experience multiple sources of oppression during their settlement process in the United States. Unfair social structures and dominant cultural values and norms and the way they influence the immigrants' personal life stories generate a cycle of oppression very difficult to break. This paper presents a case study of how a group of Latino parents carried out a process of liberation fueled by the generation of empowering community narratives (critical awareness leading to transformative action) that resulted from a community-university partnership. Participants initiated a process that led them to discover their own stories of oppression and create new stories; to deconstruct the dominant cultural narratives and modify existing ones; and to understand contexts for power sharing. This joint reflection and increased awareness propelled group members to take action by founding a grassroots organization to redress some of the injustices that were partly responsible for their oppression, thus generating shifts at the personal, relational, and collective levels. In light of the theory of liberation, we discuss the participants' development of critical awareness that led them to take action to address their unmet needs. 相似文献
3.
Organized Community Activity Participation and the Dynamic Roles of Neighborhood Violence and Gender among Latino Adolescents 下载免费PDF全文
Daisy E. Camacho‐Thompson Robert Vargas 《American journal of community psychology》2018,62(1-2):87-100
Relative to their peers, Latino youth are underinvolved in organized community activities (e.g., Boys and Girls Club), and their experiences lack examination. This study employed a neighborhood case‐study approach to examine the experiences of Latino youth in a neighborhood with high levels of violence and their participation in organized community activities. Employing a cluster sampling design (Lohr, Sampling: Design and analysis. Pacific Grove, CA: Nelson Education, 2009), we used quantitative, spatial, and qualitative data to understand adolescents’ participation in organized community activities. Furthermore, to understand how adolescents from the same neighborhood may experience violence differently we examined gender differences. Those who participated in organized community activities witnessed more violence, regardless of gender. General violence (e.g., robberies, shootings) was dispersed throughout the neighborhood, but gender‐specific violence was concentrated along the main street of the neighborhood. In qualitative interviews, adolescents reported this concentration of violence a deterrent to their participation: sexual harassment for girls and gang intimidation for boys. Our findings highlight the unique experiences of youth in violent neighborhoods and the importance of examining differential constraints for those within the same neighborhood. 相似文献
4.
5.
Yu-Wen Ying Phillip D. Akutsu Xiulan Zhang Larke N. Huang 《American journal of community psychology》1997,25(6):839-859
Investigated Antonovky's (1979, 1987) construct of sense of coherence (i.e., an individual's belief that the world was comprehensible, manageable, and meaningful) as the internal psychological mechanism mediating the effects of external stressors (generalized resistance deficits) and resources on psychological dysfunction (measured by depression, anxiety, and psychosocial dysfunction) in 2,234 Vietnamese, Cambodian, Laotian, Hmong, and Chinese-Vietnamese refugees. Generalized resistance and deficits significantly predicted sense of coherence as well as psychological dysfunction. The amount of variance accounted for increased significantly when the mediating effect of sense of coherence was tested using a path analysis. Sense of coherence significantly reduced the predictive power of generalized resistance and deficits in the psychological dysfunction models. Results support the hypothesized mediating role of sense of coherence. Thus, interventions aiming to enhance Southeast Asian refugees' functioning may gain in effectiveness by targeting and promoting their sense of coherence. 相似文献
6.
Linda B. Bass Brent A. Taylor Carmen Knudson-Martin Douglas Huenergardt 《Contemporary Family Therapy》2006,28(1):87-109
This case study focused on the process of making sense of abuse in two Latino families experiencing sibling incest. Participants
included five male children ranging in age from 8 to 15 that were members of two families dealing with the issue of sibling
incest. The purpose of this study was to build understanding of how families experience sibling incest and its role in their
families. Clinical data from therapy sessions was analyzed to reveal that families made sense of the incest in different ways
including abuse as normal and abuse as a mistake. Central concepts that explained how the families responded to the sibling
incest included (1) level of family cohesion, (2) role of secrecy, and (3) view of outside systems. The findings suggest that
treatment needs to include an in-depth assessment regarding these issues. 相似文献
7.
Living Conditions and Psychological Distress in Latino Migrant Day Laborers: The Role of Cultural and Community Protective Factors 下载免费PDF全文
Kurt C. Organista Samantha Ngo Torsten B. Neilands Alex H. Kral 《American journal of community psychology》2017,59(1-2):94-105
The purpose of this study was to examine the relationship between typically difficult living conditions and psychological distress in Latino migrant day laborers (LMDLs), with attention to the potentially protective roles of contact with family in country of origin (i.e., communication, sending money, etc.), availability of local culture (i.e., food, music, people from one's country of origin), and utilization of community resources perceived to be culturally competent (i.e., services that are respectful, able to serve Latinos, able to solve problems, in Spanish, etc.). Participants were 344 LMDLs surveyed in the San Francisco Bay Area. As hypothesized: (a) difficult living conditions were related to depression, anxiety, and desesperación [desperation], the latter a popular Latino idiom of psychological distress recently validated on LMDLs; (b) contact with family moderated the relation between difficult living conditions and depression and desesperación but not anxiety and (c) access to local culture, and utilization of community resources, mediated the relation between difficult living conditions and depression and desesperación but not anxiety. Implications for intervening at local and larger levels in order to provide some protection against distress built into the LMDL experience in the United States are discussed. 相似文献
8.
Vincent Chong Khatharya Um Monica Hahn David Pheng Clifford Yee Colette Auerswald 《Aggression and violent behavior》2009,14(6):461-469
There is a nascent, but growing, literature on Southeast Asian youth violence that focuses on the role of acculturation, portraying violence as a problem of maladaptation. However, scholars overlook the ways in which violence holds meaning for the youth who experience it and how violence may be related to racial and gender identity formation. We conducted a qualitative study with young Southeast Asian men to elicit the role violence plays in their understanding of what it means for them to be Southeast Asian and male. We conducted focus groups and semi-structured individual interviews with an ethnically diverse group of 21 young Southeast Asian men 13–17 years of age from Alameda and Contra Costa Counties, California. Data were analyzed using the extended case method approach. Our findings illustrate that violence and engagement with community-based organizations are situational tools that these young Southeast Asian men use to navigate their social contexts in an attempt to be resilient in ecological contexts marked by alienation and discrimination, as well as to construct accepted and successful racial and gender identities. Furthermore, we found that their actions were guided by gendered codes of conduct, such as a “code of the street.” 相似文献
9.
Jeffrey R. Measelle Rhona S. Weinstein Miriam Martinez 《Journal of child and family studies》1998,7(4):451-467
Case management has emerged as an integral component of current efforts to reform the delivery of mental health services to children and youth with Severe Emotional Disturbance (SED). We examined parental satisfaction with one program's case management system for SED children. In order to validly address parental satisfaction, the program first turned to a group of its parents to develop a satisfaction measure, the Family Satisfaction Survey (FSS). Of the 51 parents who returned an FSS, 74% of the parents were generally satisfied while 26% indicated that they were dissatisfied with their families' case management services. Multivariate regression analyses were employed to examine the role played by client, service, and outcome variables in predicting parental satisfaction. After controlling for child diagnoses, severity of impairment, and levels of psychosocial stress, parent satisfaction with case management services was best predicted by the frequency of monthly contact and fewer days is a psychiatric hospital proportional to length of service. Our results suggest that parent satisfaction is based not only on what case managers do but on how this service impacts SED children's ability to remain at home and in their communities. 相似文献
10.
The risk of tobacco use during adolescence may be traced back to early childhood, the time when a child is most vulnerable
to environmental influence. We examined daily-life enrichment during pre-kindergarten period as a predictor of initiation
of cigarette smoking among Asian American and Hispanic/Latino children during adolescence. Survey data were collected from
students in grades seven to nine in California. Among the 2,719 participants who completed the survey, 37% were Asian American
and 44% were Hispanic/Latino. Five aspects of childhood life before kindergarten were assessed, including having lots of toys
for the child, parents' read to the child often, having a plenty of good food for the child, bringing the child to travel,
and parents spending adequate time with the child. Findings from our research indicate that children with more enriched early
childhood are less likely to start smoking during adolescence. Consequently, enhancing daily life during early childhood may
represent a new strategy for adolescent smoking prevention. 相似文献
11.
Ligia M. Chavez Leida Matías-Carrelo Concepcion Barrio Glorisa Canino 《Journal of child and family studies》2007,16(1):72-86
We reviewed the Spanish translation of the Youth Quality of Life Instrument-Research Version (YQOL-R) and culturally adapted
the measure with Puerto Rican and Mexican American children and adolescents. The YQOL-R is a self-reported measure that includes
four domains: Sense of Self, Social Relationships, Environment, and General Quality of Life. A total of 10 focus groups were
conducted with children aged 9 to 11, adolescents aged 12 to 17, their parents, and mental health providers. Five focus groups
were conducted in San Diego, California and five in San Juan, Puerto Rico. Eligible participants were recruited from children’s
outpatient psychiatry clinics. We followed an iterative and recursive process in reviewing changes and modifications to the
instrument using a bilingual committee and a Multi National Bilingual Committee. Greater semantic, content, and technical
equivalence of the Spanish and English versions for the YQOL-R was achieved for the two largest U.S. Latino subgroups: Mexican
Americans and Puerto Ricans. The cultural adaptation process revealed several important issues regarding the measurement of
quality of life in different age groups. Additional items for school, relationships (both family and friends) and spare time
suggested the need for a future children’s version of the instrument. For the adolescents, additional items were suggested
in the areas of sexuality, intergenerational conflict and acculturative stress. 相似文献
12.
This study examined whether coping moderated the impact of community violence exposure (CVE) on violent behavior among 285
urban African American and Latino adolescent males assessed annually across 5 years. Composites indicating overall CVE (having
knowledge of others’ victimization, witnessing violence, direct victimization) and approach to coping with CVE were created
by averaging across years 1–3 (Time 1; mean ages 14–16). Adolescents classified as coping effectively tended to respond to
CVE in beneficial ways (e.g., developing long-term solutions, engaging in positive reappraisal). Violent behavior was examined
across years 1–3 (Time 1) and years 4–5 (Time 2; mean ages 18–19). CVE was longitudinally associated with greater violent
behavior, adjusting for Time 1 levels of violent behavior. This association was significant only among adolescents with less
effective coping strategies. Interventions targeting the enhancement of coping skills may be an effective method of reducing
the impact of CVE on adolescent violent behavior.
Sonya S. Brady is now an Assistant Professor in the Division of Epidemiology and Community Health, School of Public Health
at the University of Minnesota (1300 South Second Street, Suite 300, Minneapolis, MN 55454-1015, USA; Tel.: +1-612-6241818;
Fax: +1-612-6240315. 相似文献
13.
ADHD Correlates, Comorbidity, and Impairment in Community and Treated Samples of Children and Adolescents 总被引:3,自引:3,他引:0
Bauermeister JJ Shrout PE Ramírez R Bravo M Alegría M Martínez-Taboas A Chávez L Rubio-Stipec M García P Ribera JC Canino G 《Journal of abnormal child psychology》2007,35(6):883-898
Patterns of correlates, comorbidity and impairment associated with attention-deficit hyperactivity disorder (ADHD) in children and youth were examined in representative samples from the community and from treatment facilities serving medically indigent youth in Puerto Rico. Information from caretakers and youths was obtained using the Diagnostic Interview Schedule for Children, (version IV), measures of global impairment, and a battery of potential correlates. In the community (N = 1,896) and the treated samples (N = 763), 7.5 and 26.2% of the children, respectively, met criteria for DSM-IV ADHD in the previous year. Although the prevalence rates and degree of impairment differed, the general patterns of correlates, comorbidity and impairment were similar in both populations. The exceptions were associated with conduct disorder, anxiety, impairment in the ADHD comorbid group, and age factors that appeared to be related to selection into treatment. 相似文献
14.
David A. Julian 《American journal of community psychology》2001,29(6):851-874
This case study provides an overview of significant organizational change within the United Way system in Franklin County/Columbus, Ohio. Franklin County is a major urban center with a population approaching 1 million. The implementation of outcomes-based funding proved to be a critical factor that served to promote change within the local United Way system. Adoption of outcomes-based funding principles resulted in significant shifts in United Way funding and major policy changes. A chronology of events and stakeholder reactions over a multiyear period are reviewed. The implications of this effort to initiate major, system-level change for the practice of community psychology are discussed. 相似文献
15.
脓毒症研究进展及启示 总被引:14,自引:1,他引:14
雷三林 《医学与哲学(人文社会医学版)》2006,27(4):20-22
脓毒症(sepsis)是是当前外科ICU所面临的棘手难题.对感染和脓毒症的研究已成为外科学十分活跃的领域之一,所取得的进展已使人们从本质上更深刻、更准确地了解感染与脓毒症,从而为解决这一棘手问题开辟新的途径.脓毒症的研究揭示了人类科学发现和科学认识的普遍规律. 相似文献
16.
美国社区卫生服务运行机制和管理模式研究 总被引:5,自引:0,他引:5
美国的卫生服务系统由社区卫生服务和医院服务两大部分组成。通过从组织形式、筹资机制、人力资源、动力与约束机制以及管理几个方面,对美国社区卫生服务的运行机制与管理模式进行分析,以期对我国社区卫生的发展有所借鉴与帮助。 相似文献
17.
社区卫生服务——体现效率与公正特征的改革之路 总被引:1,自引:1,他引:0
社区卫生服务比较全面地体现了公正与效率的原则,是卫生改革的一项重大举措。它公正有效地突破了固有的卫生体制;公正有效地实现了“人人享有初级卫生保健”的目的;公正有效地推进了医学模式的转移;公正有效地抓住了纠风的症结;公正有效地解决了医疗费居高不下的顽症。 相似文献
18.
The purpose of the present study was to test fifth graders' (N = 210) reaction to pressure under peer, adult, and control conditions. Four measures of moral judgment were taken: resistance to temptation, severity of punishment, tendency to confess, and level of guilt feelings. The results show that in the peer-pressure condition, Israeli children tended to give less socially approved responses and to associate more severe punishment and guilt feelings with transgression than in either adult-pressure or control situtations. This was found to apply almost equally for boys and girls. The results are discussed in the context of moral socialization in the Israeli society. 相似文献
19.
Behavioral Self‐Regulation,Early Academic Achievement,and the Effectiveness of Urban Schools for Low‐Income Ethnic Minority Children 下载免费PDF全文
Margaret O. Caughy Britain Mills Dawn Brinkley Margaret T. Owen 《American journal of community psychology》2018,61(3-4):372-385
The independent and joint associations between child behavioral self‐regulation ability and school effectiveness in relation to academic achievement were examined in a sample of low‐income African American (n = 132) and Latino (n = 198) children attending kindergarten and first grade across a large metropolitan area. Child behavioral self‐regulation and school effectiveness were positively associated with both reading and mathematics performance. School effectiveness moderated the effect of behavioral self‐regulation on reading but not math achievement. Lower child behavioral self‐regulation during early elementary school was associated with lower reading achievement the following year but only among children attending less effective schools. Behavioral self‐regulation was not related to reading achievement among children attending more effective schools. Implications of these findings for policies addressing disparities in early academic achievement are discussed. 相似文献
20.
James K. Luiselli Denise Dion Erin Hammil Andrea Potoczny-Gray Ronald C. Savage Donald L. Sherak 《Journal of child and family studies》2000,9(4):481-489
There is a high prevalence of psychiatric disorders in children and adolescents who have acquired brain injury (ABI). We examined the records of 82 students with ABI who were admitted to a community-based school for education and neurorehabilitation over a three-year period to determine how many experienced one or more psychiatric hospitalizations before admission, and whether hospitalization status was related to positive school and community adjustment. Results were that 30.4% of the students had a documented history of one or more psychiatric hospitalizations. Of this group, 60.0% were able to be maintained in the community-based school program and 40.0% were discharged to other settings. When discharged, 70.0% of students entered more restrictive treatment programs (e.g., psychiatric hospital, secure residential facility, residential school). The number of psychiatric hospitalizations did not predict discharge from the community-based school and was unrelated to the type of discharge setting. Clinical and research issues concerning psychiatric disorders in children and adolescents with ABI in relation to post-acute adjustment are discussed. 相似文献