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1.
Investigating student engagement in computer-supported inquiry: a process-oriented analysis 总被引:1,自引:0,他引:1
The aim of this article is to describe and analyze how computer supported inquiry learning effects two secondary school students’
engagement in a literacy learning project. With comparative analysis of various sources of data we aim to understand what
engagement is, how and why it changes over time and how changes in engagement are reflected in what learners do in an actual
learning context. A set of methods was implemented that aimed at process-oriented analyses in a natural context of learning,
that is, observations, interviews, content analysis of computer notes and an experience sampling questionnaire. The results
show that even though the students had very different motivational tendencies in a traditional classroom, both of them showed
progressive task engagement in this learning project. The data also illustrate how a technology supported environment can
influence the way the students construct their goals and structure their activity. We conclude that multidimensional concepts,
like engagement, have the potential to link the antecedents and consequences of how students behave, how they feel, and how
they think, especially in the context of new pedagogical and technology-based learning environments.
相似文献
Piritta LeinonenEmail: |
2.
Natan Berber 《Axiomathes》2007,17(2):185-196
This paper focuses on the relation between logic and ontology. In particular, it demonstrates how classical logical theory
can clarify the ontological part of Ludwig Wittgenstein’s Tractatus Logico-Philosophicus. To this end, the work examines the adequacy of a formal system that was devised by the Polish logician, mathematician and
philosopher Roman Suszko (1919–1979) as a model for the Tractatus. Following a brief explanation of the Tractarian ontology, the main ideas of Suszko’s system and its philosophical significance
will be considered. The latter will be illustrated in the context of central Tractarian concepts. Finally, two implications
for a better understanding of the Tractarian ontology will be pointed out.
相似文献
Natan BerberEmail: |
3.
Scientific Self-Regulation—So Good, How Can it Fail? 总被引:1,自引:1,他引:0
Patrick L. Taylor 《Science and engineering ethics》2009,15(3):395-406
To be a functional alternative to government regulation, self-regulation of science must be credible to both scientists and
the public, accountable, ethical, and effective. According to some, serious problems continue in research ethics in the United
States despite a rich history of proposed self-regulatory standards and oversight devices. Successful efforts at self-regulation
in stem cell research contrast with unsuccessful efforts in research ethics, particularly conflicts of interest. Part of the
cause for a lack of success in self-regulation is fragmented, disconnected oversight, and failure to embody genuine scientific
and public consensus. To be accountable, credible and effective, self-regulation must be inclusive and multidisciplinary,
publicly engaged, sufficiently disinterested, operationally integrated with institutional goals, and must implement a genuine
consensus among scientists and the public. The mechanisms of self-regulation must be sufficiently broad in their oversight,
and interconnected with other institutional forces and actors, that they do not create fragmented solutions.
相似文献
Patrick L. TaylorEmail: |
4.
Michael H. G. Hoffmann 《Studies in Philosophy and Education》2007,26(3):185-204
Starting from the observation that small children can count more objects than numbers—a phenomenon that I am calling the “lifeworld
dependency of cognition”—and an analysis of finger calculation, the paper shows how learning can be explained as the development
of cognitive systems. Parts of those systems are not only an individual’s different forms of knowledge and cognitive abilities,
but also other people, things, and signs. The paper argues that cognitive systems are first of all semiotic systems since
they are dependent on signs and representations as mediators. The two main questions discussed here are how the external world
constrains and promotes the development of cognitive abilities, and how we can move from cognitive abilities that are necessarily
connected with concrete situations to abstract knowledge.
相似文献
Michael H. G. HoffmannEmail: |
5.
Wai-chi Rodney Chu 《Knowledge, Technology, and Policy》2008,21(1):29-35
This paper provides a preliminary examination of the use of information and communication technologies (ICTs)—limited to mobile
phone and internet use—in contemporary China. Based on fieldwork undertaken since 2003 in Guangzhou and Beijing, the paper
focuses on the relationship between society and technology in the Chinese cultural context. An analysis of the data on ICT
use in China shows how Chinese cultural traits and the speed of the ICT evolution in China have combined to bring about a
unique cyber experience. This analysis may be helpful to other scholars who wish to compare the impact of ICTs in various
cultures or who are interested in discovering how Mainland China went ‘cyber’.
相似文献
Wai-chi Rodney ChuEmail: |
6.
Perhaps the most significant contemporary theory of lawhood is the Best System (/MRL) view on which laws are true generalizations
that best systematize knowledge. Our question in this paper will be how best to formulate a theory of this kind. We’ll argue
that an acceptable MRL should (i) avoid inter-system comparisons of simplicity, strength, and balance, (ii) make lawhood epistemically
accessible, and (iii) allow for laws in the special sciences. Attention to these problems will bring into focus a useful menu
of novel MRL theories, some of which solve problems the original MRL theory could not. Hence we conceive of the paper as moving
toward a better Best System theory of laws.
相似文献
Craig CallenderEmail: |
7.
Ethicists and others who study and teach the social implications of science and technology are faced with a formidable challenge
when they seek to address “emerging technologies.” The topic is incredibly important, but difficult to grasp because not only
are the precise issues often unclear, what the technology will ultimately look like can be difficult to discern. This paper
argues that one particularly useful way to overcome these difficulties is to engage with their natural science and engineering
colleagues in laboratories. Through discussions and interactions with these colleagues ethicists can simultaneously achieve
three important objectives. First they can get a great deal of assistance in their research into the social implications of
future technologies by talking with people that are actively creating those futures. Second their presence in the lab and
the discussions that result can be a very powerful method for educating not only students, but faculty about the ramifications
of their work. And third, because the education is directly linked to the students’ everyday work it is likely that it will
not just be a theoretical exercise, but have direct impact on their practice.
相似文献
Jameson M. Wetmore (Corresponding author)Email: |
8.
Eran M. Shifferman 《Animal cognition》2009,12(4):547-558
This is a review of the reversed-reward contingency (RRC) paradigm in animals and the cognitive functions on which it is founded.
I shall present the RRC basic paradigm and the ensuing modifications it underwent, the animals tested, the results obtained
and the analyses offered within the literature. Then I would the claim that RRC is a case of a compound cognitive behavior,
one that is the result of interactions between three other cognitive functions: crude numerical assessment and economic choice
(uniting value assignment and behavioral inhibition). I will present data concerning these three fields and will demonstrate
how they are both affecting and affected by the findings of the RRC scheme. RRC is treated here as a test case for a broader
type of analysis, one which, hopefully, will show that in order to fully understand composite and complex behavior we need
to meticulously explore its building blocks and their dynamic interplay.
相似文献
Eran M. ShiffermanEmail: |
9.
Two experiments demonstrated that positive affect fosters intrinsic motivation, as reflected by choice of activity in a free-choice situation and by rated amount of enjoyment of a novel and challenging task, but also promotes responsible work behavior in a situation where the work needs to be done. Where there was work that needed to be done, people in the positive-affect condition reduced their time on the enjoyable task, successfully completed the work task, but also spent time on the more enjoyable task. These results indicate that positive affect does foster intrinsic motivation, and enjoyment and performance of enjoyable tasks, but not at the cost of responsible work behavior on an uninteresting task that needs to be done. Implications for the relationship between positive affect and such aspects of self-regulation as forward-looking thinking and self-control are discussed.
相似文献
Alice M. IsenEmail: |
10.
The Multilevel Older Persons Transportation and Road Safety (MOTRS) model postulates a role for demographic, functional, and psychosocial factors in driving self-regulation. This study formally tested the constructs of the MOTRS model, and its ability to account for variation in older adult’s driving self-regulation. Four exogenous constructs dealing with sociodemographic and driving-related variables (driving space, dependency on other drivers, health, and driving performance) and three endogenous constructs of psychosocial appraisals (driving confidence, attitudes and beliefs towards driving) were used to predict driving self-regulation. A sample of 277 Australian drivers, aged 65 years or over, completed standardised questionnaires to assess these variables. Structural equation modelling was used to evaluate one of the model’s assumptions. Findings established that sociodemographic and driving-related factors influence older adults’ driving self-regulation by impacting psychosocial variables. A re-specified model accounted for 75% of the variance in self-reported driving self-regulation. When other variables were considered, attitude towards driving was the strongest single predictor of driving self-regulation. These findings provide an initial partial validation of the MOTRS model. The results indicate that psychosocial variables are important determinants of driving self-regulation by older adults. This model could guide future research into older adults’ driving self-regulation. 相似文献
11.
Tom Froese 《Phenomenology and the Cognitive Sciences》2009,8(1):95-133
An important part of David Hume’s work is his attempt to put the natural sciences on a firmer foundation by introducing the
scientific method into the study of human nature. This investigation resulted in a novel understanding of the mind, which
in turn informed Hume’s critical evaluation of the scope and limits of the scientific method as such. However, while these
latter reflections continue to influence today’s philosophy of science, his theory of mind is nowadays mainly of interest
in terms of philosophical scholarship. This paper aims to show that, even though Hume’s recognition in the cognitive sciences
has so far been limited, there is an opportunity to reevaluate his work in the context of more recent scientific developments.
In particular, it is argued that we can gain a better understanding of his overall philosophy by tracing the ongoing establishment
of the enactive approach. In return, this novel interpretation of Hume’s ‘science of man’ is used as the basis for a consideration
of the current and future status of the cognitive sciences.
相似文献
Tom FroeseEmail: |
12.
This article outlines different aspects of dealing with metaphors within the cognitive coaching framework. It focuses on the
connection between metaphor, language and perception. Metaphors are an intimate part of most linguistic expressions. Since
coaching is a structured verbal interaction it involves the exchange of metaphors between a client and a coach. The cognitive
coaching literature concentrates mainly on techniques that help clients to pinpoint logical inconsistencies in their thinking.
Such techniques have proven to be very helpful, but not all clients have the ability to benefit from this traditional rational
disputing. In these situations the coach can make use of another technique, which still derives from cognitive principles.
The first part of the article focuses on the theoretical aspects of metaphors as linguistic expressions while the second part
addresses a specific client case. Suggestive techniques on how to restructure metaphors are described in connection with the
client case.
相似文献
Kasper Assing SmithEmail: |
13.
Julius Bautista 《Contemporary Islam》2008,2(1):75-83
This paper discusses the extent to which Saba Mahmood’s ideas about Muslim women and agency are relevant for works beyond
her ethnographic speciality. The first part will reflect upon her arguments about Muslim female piety within the larger context
of progressive politics in the USA and the Middle East. The second part will describe the implications of Mahmood’s work towards
the production of alternative discourses—that is, works inspired by and produced from outside the overarching influence of
a Euro-American intellectual tradition.
相似文献
Julius BautistaEmail: |
14.
Talia Welsh 《Human Studies》2007,30(3):255-267
Anatomically detailed dolls have been used to elicit testimony from children in sex abuse cases. However, studies have shown
they often provide false accounts in young, preschool-age children. Typically this problem is seen as a cognitive one: with
age, children can correctly map their bodies onto a doll due to greater intellectual ability to represent themselves. I argue, along with the work of Maurice Merleau-Ponty, that although cognitive developments aid in the ability
to represent one’s own body, a discussion of embodiment is required in order to understand the use and abuse of anatomical dolls in forensic interviews. This paper examines these
issues and maintains that a better understanding of embodied perception in both adults and children helps show how phenomenology
can provide a more nuanced understanding to a troubling ethical and legal problem.
相似文献
Talia WelshEmail: |
15.
Michael K. Cundall Jr. 《Philosophia》2006,34(4):379-393
In this paper I argue that the cognitive system is best viewed as a continuum of cognitive processing from modules to central
systems rather than having these as discrete and wholly different modes of cognitive processing. I rely on recent evidence
on the development of theory of mind (ToM) abilities and the developmental disorder of autism. I then turn to the phenomenology
of modular processes. I show that modular outputs have a stronger force than non-modular or central system outputs. I then
evaluate social cognitions and show them to occupy a middle ground with respect to phenomenal strength between modular and
non-modular outputs. The evidence presented then seems to indicate a continuum of cognitive processing rather than the traditional
division between modules and central systems.
相似文献
Michael K. Cundall Jr.Email: |
16.
《Journal of Religion, Spirituality & Aging》2013,25(4):189-205
SUMMARY This paper describes how a palliative approach to care is relevant in the context of residential aged care, with specific focus on the spiritual needs of residents. Three issues are described that make attention to spirituality in residential aged care particularly challenging: effects of cognitive changes, potential threats to dignity, and uncertainties about how to provide bereavement support to the range of people who experience loss in this care context. Reflections on how residential aged care staff might better assess the spiritual needs of residents are offered with suggestions from the literature about how to sensitively respond to these needs. 相似文献
17.
A Big Regulatory Tool-Box for a Small Technology 总被引:1,自引:0,他引:1
There is little doubt that the development and commercialisation of nanotechnologies is challenging traditional state-based
regulatory regimes. Yet governments currently appear to be taking a non-interventionist approach to directly regulating this
emerging technology. This paper argues that a large regulatory toolbox is available for governing this small technology and
that as nanotechnologies evolve, many regulatory advances are likely to occur outside of government. It notes the scientific
uncertainties facing us as we contemplate nanotechnology regulatory matters and then examines the notion of regulation itself,
suggesting new ways to frame our understanding of both regulation and the regulatory tools relevant to nanotechnologies. By
drawing upon three different conceptual lenses of regulation, the paper articulates a wide range of potential regulatory tools
at hand. It also focuses particularly on the ways various tools are currently being used or perhaps may be employed in the
future. The strengths and weaknesses characterising these tools is examined as well as the different actors involved. The
paper concludes that we will increasingly face debate over what is likely to work most effectively in regulating nano technologies,
the legitimacy of these different potential approaches, and the speed at which these different regimes may be employed.
相似文献
Graeme A. HodgeEmail: |
18.
Ann Packman 《Journal of Fluency Disorders》2012,37(4):225-233
There are many treatments currently available for stuttering, for both children and adults. These range from direct interventions intended to reduce the severity and/or frequency of the speech behaviors of stuttering, to those intended to alleviate the anxiety and other mental health issues that can accompany the disorder. However, as there are little supporting data for many of these treatments, there is little consensus about which to use. Another way to evaluate stuttering treatments is to explore the extent to which they address the cause of the disorder. However, the cause of stuttering is not yet known. In this theoretical paper, a 3-factor causal model is presented, to which the mechanisms thought to be driving different treatments are then aligned. The model is innovative, in that it attempts to explain moments of stuttering. It is argued that all causal factors must be operating at each moment of stuttering. The model is intended as a new way of looking at cause, and how treatments may address cause. It is hoped this will stimulate discussion and lead to further lines of inquiry.Educational objectives: The reader will be able to: (a) describe the P&A 3-factor causal model of moments of stuttering; (b) state how indirect direct stuttering treatments relate to cause, according to the P&A model; (c) describe how direct stuttering treatments relate to cause, according to the P&A model; (d) state the purpose of cognitive behavior therapy; and (e) describe at least one suggestion for further research arising from the P&A model. 相似文献
19.
Douglas Pratt 《Sophia》2007,46(3):245-261
Interreligious dialogue does not take place in a vacuum, nor is it a matter of casual conversation. Dialogue is a contested
phenomenon, advocated and embraced on one hand, eschewed and discarded on the other. By way of an exploration of the fact
of plurality, the notions of modernism and postmodernism, and a brief discussion of select pertinent issues (unity, truth,
and the very idea of theology), the paradigmatic context of pluralism will be critically discussed. Contemporary engagement
in interreligious dialogue and interfaith relations requires to be underpinned by a carefully thought-out conceptualising
of the context in which it can authentically occur. This paper seeks to contribute to the understanding of the context of
and for interreligious dialogue.
相似文献
Douglas PrattEmail: |
20.
We discuss the cable guy paradox, both as an object of interest in its own right and as something which can be used to illuminate
certain issues in the theories of rational choice and belief. We argue that a crucial principle—The Avoid Certain Frustration
(ACF) principle—which is used in stating the paradox is false, thus resolving the paradox. We also explain how the paradox
gives us new insight into issues related to the Reflection principle. Our general thesis is that principles that base your
current opinions on your current opinions about your future opinions need not make reference to the particular times in the future at which you believe you will have those opinions, but they do need to make reference to the particular degrees of belief you believe you will have in the future.
相似文献
Samuel RuhmkorffEmail: |