教师教学认知偏差问卷的编制及初步应用

依据社会心理学等有关认知偏差理论,结合教师教学实际自制了"教师教学认知偏差问卷"。对问卷进行探索性因素分析和验证性因素分析以及信度检验等发现,该问卷显示出较好的效度和信度。以该问卷对846名教师进行了初步调查,调查的数据反映出在教师中存在不同程度的教学认知偏差,其中女教师的教学认知偏差要显著好于男教师,教学优秀教师的教学认知偏差显著好于一般普通教师,教龄时间较短的教师的教学认知偏差要显著好于教龄较长的教师。     

高校教师心理契约问卷的编制

在文献分析与教师访谈的基础上,编制了《高校教师心理契约问卷》。对174名高校教师进行预试,通过对问卷的信度、效度的检验与探索性因素分析后,形成初步问卷。应用该问卷对11个省31所大学的358名教师进行测量,验证性因素分析后修正了高校教师心理契约的结构模型。结果表明,高校教师心理契约的结构符合三维度结构模型,且教师责任和学校责任两方面均分为交易责任、发展责任和关系责任。编制的高校教师心理契约问卷共24个项目,信度、效度良好,适合用以研究高校教师的心理契约。     

中小学生对教师的信任及问卷编制

通过查阅文献、开放式问卷调查、访谈、内容分析等方法提出了中小学生对特定教师的信任结构并编制问卷项目。以小学四年级至初中二年级学生为研究对象,对539名学生进行初步问卷调查,经探索性因素分析得到含20个项目的中小学生对教师信任问卷,然后对1012名学生进行正式调查和验证性因素分析。结果表明:中小学生对特定教师的信任是一个多维结构,包括学生对教师的教学能力、守信可靠和友善关怀三方面的判断;自编的问卷有良好的信度和效度,可作为进一步研究的工具。     

学校心理健康教育教师胜任特征结构及测量

摘要 本研究旨在分析我国学校心理健康教育教师胜任特征结构并编制适合我国学校心理健康教育教师胜任特征测量问卷。在文献分析基础上,通过开放式问卷,行为事件访谈,确立了学校心理健康教育教师胜任特征理论结构。采用项目分析、探索性和验证性因素分析对860名学校心理健康教育教师进行施测,形成了《学校心理健康教育教师胜任特征问卷》。该问卷共57个题项,包含专业知识、普通文化知识、宜人性、尽责性、职业价值观、学生观、评估反思能力、协作沟通能力、专业发展能力9个维度,编制的我国学校心理健康教育教师胜任特征问卷信效度良好,适合用来分析我国学校心理健康教育教师胜任特征状况。     

组织认同问卷（OIQ）在教师样本中的修订

在两个教师群体样本中,对Cheney编制的组织认同问卷（OIQ）进行修订。对338名中小学教师施测结果的探索性因素分析表明,教师组织认同为单因素结构模型;对256名高校教师施测结果的验证性因素分析支持了单因素模型的观点。在两个样本中,教师组织认同问卷的内部一致性系数均为0.92;教师组织认同问卷的内容效度和效标效度良好。     

基于教师评定的3~9岁儿童气质结构

该研究采用理论推导、开放式问卷和个案追踪相结合的方法,对744名3~9岁儿童的气质进行理论建构,自编儿童气质教师问卷,采用AMOS技术进行验证性因素分析,对3~9岁儿童气质结构进行研究。结果表明, 3~9岁儿童气质是由情绪性、活动性、反应性、社会抑制和专注性五维度组成的多维整体;研究所编制的3~9岁儿童气质教师评定问卷具有较好的信度和效度。     

初中教师教学有效性评价问卷的编制:以学生为评价主体的视角

在教学有效性的框架下,从学生评价的视角,编制了《初中生评价教师教学有效性问卷》。首先,在理论研究的基础上,通过项目的收集,结构化问卷调查,项目的重要性分析三个过程形成初测问卷。然后,进行初测问卷的施测,通过区分度分析和验证性因素分析删除项目,最终形成《初中生评价教师课堂教学效果问卷》的正式问卷。最后,对所编制的问卷的心理测量学指标进行了检验,结果表明该问卷具有良好的结构效度、交叉效度和较高的内部一致性信度。     

中小学教师学习调节模式的结构与测量

目的：探索中小学教师学习调节模式的结构,并编制教师学习调节模式问卷。方法：根据访谈研究的结果,在参照以往成果的基础上,编制教师学习调节模式初测问卷;根据523份有效调查数据进行探索性因素分析;根据625份调查问卷的结果,采用内部一致性分析、结构方程模型技术和层次回归分析进行验证。结果：探索性因素分析的结果表明,教师学习调节模式由自我导向、任务导向和外部导向三个维度构成;验证性因素分析证实了教师学习调节模式的构想效度;内部一致性分析和层次回归分析的结果表明,该教师学习调节模式问卷具有较好的信度与效度。结论：教师学习调节模式是一个三因素的结构。     

青少年学校归属感问卷编制

该研究在开放式问卷与相关研究基础上,编制了学校归属感初始问卷。对240名学生初始测试后进行探索性因素分析,然后对440名学生的正式测验结果进行验证性因素分析。结果表明学生归属感问卷包括四个维度：同伴关系,教师支持,规章制度,硬件设施。验证性因素分析后各个数据均达到可接受水平,四维度模型拟合度较好。问卷具有良好的信度与效度,可以作为青少年学校归属感水平的测量工具。     

企业员工自我职业生涯管理的结构及关系

在文献研究的基础上 ,通过访谈、开放式问卷等方法 ,确立了企业员工自我职业生涯管理的结构。根据该结构 ,结合问卷及访谈所搜集的自我职业生涯管理活动 ,编制了自我职业生涯管理问卷 (简称ICMQ)。该问卷在177名被试中进行了初步调查 ,结果发现 :尽管该结构主体结构得到了证实 ,但有些方面如职业生涯发展策略比较混乱。在此基础上 ,修订问卷 ,重新选取 13家企业的中低层管理者及技术人员、文职人员进行了测试 ,获得了 4 4 9份有效问卷 ,对问卷的探索性因素分析结果表明 :该问卷是个五因素的结构 ,这 5个因素是职业探索、职业目标和策略确立、继续学习、自我展示和注重关系。为了进一步验证自我职业生涯管理问卷的结构效度 ,并获得问卷的信度和效度指标 ,研究选取了 11家企业进行了调查 ,获得了 399份有效问卷。验证性因素分析结果表明 :自我职业生涯管理是个并列的 5因素结构     

Musik in der Medizin Edited by Hildebrand R. Teirich

Abstract

We compared differences in self-concept change across three years after short-(STG) and long-term (LTG) psychodynamic group psychotherapy, in a mixed sample of outpatients. Self-concept was assessed at baseline and three years later, using the Structural Analysis of Social Behavior Questionnaire. Vector scores Affiliation and Autonomy were primary, and the eight cluster scores–self-free, self-affirm, self-love, self-protect, self-control, self-blame, self-attack, and self-neglect–were secondary outcome measures. Within group univariate analyses showed change in LTG across three years on the vector scores Affiliation and Autonomy, while STG only changed on Autonomy. Comparisons between STG and LTG demonstrated a significantly larger improvement in Affiliation in LTG than in STG. This difference was explained by a higher improvement in the cluster scores of self-blame, self-attack, and self-neglect in LTG, dimensions that weight negatively on the Affiliation score. Patients with more serious self-neglect and harsh, punitive self-attack/self-blame may profit more in long-term than in short-term groups.     

Prevention of Youth Suicide: How Well Informed Are the Potential Gatekeepers of Adolescents in Distress?

Australia has one of the higher rates of suicide among young people. Although a role for doctors and teachers in the prevention of youth suicide has been suggested, no prior Australian study has assessed adequately the level of suicide knowledge held by these professionals. Knowledge about adolescent suicide was investigated using the Adolescent Suicide Behaviour Questionnaire, a 39-item instrument developed for the purpose. The stratified random sample comprised 404 general practitioners and 481 teachers from 56 secondary schools. General practitioners and teachers scored, on average, 71% and 59% of the questionnaire items correct, respectively. There was wide individual variability: The number of items correct ranged from 4 to 38 for general practitioners and 0 to 34 for teachers. Strengths and deficits in knowledge across the two professions are discussed in terms of the potential gatekeeping role of these professionals in suicide prevention.     

大学生早期适应不良图式、焦虑与拖延的关系

为探讨大学生早期适应不良图式、焦虑与拖延的关系, 并考察焦虑在早期适应不良图式与拖延之间的中介效应, 采用一般拖延量表、Young图式问卷—简版、状态—特质焦虑问卷和自编一般人口学情况调查表, 对广东一高校559名大学生进行调查研究。研究结果发现:(1)"分离和拒绝"、"自主性和能力不足"、"缺乏自控/自律不足"图式均能显著正向预测焦虑和拖延;(2)特质焦虑能显著正向预测拖延, 而状态焦虑对拖延无显著预测作用;(3)特质焦虑在"分离和拒绝"、"自主性和能力不足"、"缺乏自控/自律不足"图式与拖延之间起部分中介作用。     

中小学教师教学自主权量表的修订

研究选取1222名中小学教师,针对Pearson和Hall(1993)编制的教学自主权量表进行修订。通过验证性因素分析,发现修订后的量表与原量表结构一致,包括课程自主和一般教学自主两个因素。修订后的量表具有良好的信度和效度指标,是一个有价值的测量教学自主权的研究工具。     

Traditional attitudes and teacher consistency in producing student learning gains in the early elementary grades

Questionnaire responses of second- and third-grade teachers specially selected because of their relatively high consistency in producing student learning gains on standardized achievement tests (N =30) were compared with responses of other teachers working in the same school system at the same grade levels (N = 38). Due to sample selection procedures, the highly consistent teachers were older and averaged more years of teaching experience than the teachers in the comparison group. In order to see whether the consistent teachers differed in any other ways from the teachers in the comparison group, the teachers in each group were administered a 495-item questionnaire. Group difference analyses revealed 57 items showing differences beyond the .05 level of significance, when only about 25 would have been expected by chance. For the most part, the items showing group differences did not form interpretable patterns. However, a subset of 10 items emerged from a factor analysis to form a traditionalism factor. Further analyses revealed that the highly consistent teachers were more traditional in their attitudes and beliefs than the teachers in the comparison group, and that this difference was not related to teacher age or years of experience. Thus, traditionalism in beliefs and attitudes was related to consistency in relative success in producing student learning gains. Possible reasons for this puzzling finding are discussed.     

Building well-being among university teachers: the roles of psychological capital and meaning in life

The present study aims to address the issue of temporal precedence linking psychological capital and meaning in life and, further, to examine the relationship between meaning in life, psychological capital, and well-being among university teachers. Data were collected in three measurement waves; 412 university teachers in China were selected as the final sample, completing the measures of Meaning in Life Questionnaire, Psychological Capital Questionnaire, and Psychological Well-Being Scale at all three time points. The results showed that university teachers’ psychological capital positively predicted their meaning in life over time, but not vice versa; meaning in life and psychological capital positively predicted well-being over time; furthermore, meaning in life partially mediated the effect of psychological capital on well-being among university teachers over time.     

The Personal and Social Correlates of Spiritual Well-Being Among Primary School Teachers

A sample of 311 primary school teachers completed the Spiritual Health in Four Domains Index alongside the abbreviated revised Eysenck Personality Questionnaire and measures of religiosity. The data demonstrate that higher levels of spiritual health are found among older teachers who record low scores on the psychoticism scale and who practice religious faith through church attendance and personal prayer.     

High school students' perceptions of EFL teacher control orientations and their English academic achievement

Background. Theories distinguish between student‐initiated and teacher‐initiated regulation of students' learning activities, or between strong, shared, or loose teacher control during the completion of learning tasks. Empirical validations for such distinctions are scarce, however. Aim. The present study aimed at (a) investigating students' perceptions of control behaviours exhibited by their English teachers; and (b) exploring the contribution of different types of teacher control behaviours to students' cognitive outcomes (English Achievement). Sample. The sample comprised 732 English as a Foreign Language (EFL) students studying in three major fields of high school (Mathematics, Natural Science, and Humanities). The participants (16–17 years of age) were selected from third‐grade classes of 27 EFL teachers working in 25 high schools of 6 main different geographical regions in the Isfahan province, Iran. Method. To obtain a comprehensive picture of different control types exhibited by Iranian EFL teachers, the control subscales of the two existing questionnaires, i.e., the Questionnaire on Instructional Behaviours (QIB), adapted by Den Brok et al. (2004) and the Questionnaire on Lesson Activities (QLA) used by Den Brok (2001) were merged to form the Questionnaire of Teacher Control (QTC). The development of this Persian instrument involved several steps: translation and back translation by the researchers, one expert translator, and two EFL teachers; piloting; and a final administration of the questionnaire to the student sample. With respect to the second aim of the study, data regarding students' performances on the Standardized National English Achievement Tests were gathered from local educational offices and schools. Results and conclusion. Statistical analyses supported acceptable reliability and validity of the instrument. A main factor structure with three types of teacher control (strong/high, shared/mid, and loose/low) was found to underlie students' perceptions. The results of multi‐level analyses indicated that a relatively large amount of variance was explained by the control variables and student variables, and teacher control had a statistically significant effect on student outcomes. Students' English achievement was lowest when they felt control was their teachers' prerogative, higher when they themselves exerted their own control (low teacher control), and highest under shared (mid) control behaviours.     

An analysis of the Revised Olweus Bully/Victim Questionnaire using the Rasch measurement model

Background. Bullying is a problem in schools in many countries. There would be a benefit in the availability of a psychometrically sound instrument for its measurement, for use by teachers and researchers. The Olweus Bully/Victim Questionnaire has been used in a number of studies but comprehensive evidence on its validity is not available. Aims. To examine the conceptual design, construct validity and reliability of the Revised Olweus Bully/Victim Questionnaire (OBVQ) and to provide further evidence on the prevalence of different forms of bullying behaviour. Sample. All 335 pupils (160 [47.8%] girls; 175 [52.2%]) boys, mean age 11.9 years [range 11.2–12.8 years]), in 21 classes of a stratified sample of 7 Greek Cypriot primary schools. Method. The OBVQ was administered to the sample. Separate scales were created comprising (a) the items of the questionnaire concerning the extent to which pupils are being victimized; and (b) those concerning the extent to which pupils express bullying behaviour. Using the Rasch model, both scales were analysed for reliability, fit to the model, meaning, and validity. Both scales were also analysed separately for each of two sample groups (i.e. boys and girls) to test their invariance. Results. Analysis of the data revealed that the instrument has satisfactory psychometric properties; namely, construct validity and reliability. The conceptual design of the instrument was also confirmed. The analysis leads also to suggestions for improving the targeting of items against student measures. Support was also provided for the relative prevalence of verbal, indirect and physical bullying. As in other countries, Cypriot boys used and experienced more bullying than girls, and boys used more physical and less indirect forms of bullying than girls. Conclusions. The OBVQ is a psychometrically sound instrument that measures two separate aspects of bullying, and whose use is supported for international studies of bullying in different countries. However, improvements to the questionnaire were also identified to provide increased usefulness to teachers tackling this significant problem facing schools in many countries.