经济伦理刍议

科学的经济伦理概念是经济伦理学建构的基础。梳理经济伦理与经济道德、经济伦理与企业伦理的关系则是确立经济伦理概念科学性的首要前提     

生态美德及其文明价值

生态伦理学理论长期忽视了对美德维度的关注,导致了生态伦理学的理论缺陷与生态实践困境。上世纪80年代初以来,生态美德伦理研究(环境美德伦理学)有效地推动了生态伦理学理论的完善与人类生态道德实践的进步。随着生态文明的确立与发展,生态美德的文明价值愈发凸显,值得深入研究。     

对伦理学的对象的再认识——兼与韩东屏教授商榷

伦理学是研究道德和道德现象的科学,也是研究伦理关系及其调整的学问。前者是目前我国学界的主流观点,后者尚未受到足够重视。伦理关系是一种具有普遍性的特殊的社会关系,主要存在于"善"的领域,以伦理权利与义务关系为实质和核心内容,以非强制性的道德调整为主要调整手段。从伦理学的历史和现实看,伦理关系都是伦理学的重要对象,不仅在伦理学理论体系的建构中具有基础性意义,而且在实践上也是完成伦理学使命的关键所在。     

厘清伦理与道德的关系

伦理与道德是伦理学的两个最基本概念。从古至今,关于什么是“伦理”,什么是“道德”,以及二者到底有着什么样的关系,一直就是伦理学界讨论的主要话题之一。伦理与道德的关系十分紧密,以至于我们经常将二者混同,但是严格地讲,伦理与道德是有着显著区别的两个概念。     

社区伦理建设的基本思路

社区伦理是一种与社会伦理、职业伦理、家庭伦理相平行的应用伦理学科,它应该有自己特定的原则与内容。社区伦理的建设无论对于提高全民的道德素质,推进民主进程,还是建设社会主义和谐社会都具有重要的意义。     

市场经济伦理辨析

对市场经济伦理的研究在经济伦理学学科体系的建立和发展中具有基础性意义。市场经济伦理是一个区别于经济伦理和经济伦理学的概念 ,它包括表达市场机制自身的伦理意蕴、处理市场经济主体利益矛盾的伦理原则以及评价市场经济活动参与者行为是否正当的伦理规则等内容。在研究市场经济伦理时 ,应当区分伦理和道德不同的适用语境。     

医学与伦理能否同行——从生命伦理学的特点探讨科技与伦理的关系

内在自生,问题导向、案例推进和体制化、规范化是生命伦理学兴起和发展的三个特点,表明科技与伦理的关系发生了新变化.科学家在科技伦理的舞台上扮演着重要角色,生命科学和医学走到了前台,科技与伦理的矛盾冲突也有所不同.为此,要努力探求科技与伦理的良性互动,培养一批高素质人才.     

应用伦理的实践规定与应用伦理教育的时代特质

应用伦理是一种关于道德实践的学问，体现为解决道德难题和重构伦理学理论的过程。面对事实性道德难题、规范性道德难题和元伦理难题，应用伦理研究采用历史的具体的适度原则，在特定情境中做出及时的道德判断和道德决定。作为哲学门类第一个专业硕士学位，应用伦理教育旨在使学生掌握扎实的伦理学基础理论和系统深入的伦理学知识，具有道德研究的前沿创新能力和卓越实践能力，掌握伦理商谈程序与达成道德共识的思想方法，成为具有明确问题意识、道德情怀和综合学养的各行业专门人才。     

转向生活世界的伦理学变革

转向生活世界的伦理学变革,使当代伦理学研究从对普遍化的道德原理和道德体系的知识论建构转向对以现代性问题为背景的现实生活世界的道德关切.在这种变革中,当代伦理学研究实现着从体系意识向问题意识的转变,引发了应用伦理学的勃兴和德性伦理传统的当代复兴,从而使伦理学的人学价值意蕴得以彰显.当代伦理学的发展还需要在此基础上,进一步面向现实生活世界,实现问题意识与理论意识的互动、德性伦理与规范伦理的整合、道德共识与差异伦理的和谐.     

人未到场的生态伦理学研究

在目前的生态伦理学研究中 ,人类中心主义和非人类中心主义围绕着自然物有无道德地位展开了激烈的争论。这种争论的不可调和性以及它们观点的不可公度性 ,表明生态伦理学自身发生了严重的形上学危机。导致这种危机的一个根本原因是 :在没有确立“人是什么”的前提下 ,就展开了人与价值的争论 ,致使生态伦理学研究出现了人的空场。生态伦理的形上学基础 ,不是自然物有无道德地位 ,而是人之为人。人惟有首先成为保护自然环境的人 ,拥有保护自然环境的人性 ,他才能够自觉地保护自然环境。     

试析道教劝善书中的生态伦理思想

道教劝善书作为一种伦理道德教化书 ,其中所述的伦理道德规范不仅用以调节人与人之间、人与社会之间的相互关系 ,而且还进一步推广到调节人与动植物、人与自然的关系 ;它主张自然界生命的平等性 ,倡导“贵生”的生命情怀 ,提出“是道则进 ,非道则退”的生态伦理行为准则 ,从而形成了具有神学特征的以生命为中心的生态伦理观。     

"伦理精神"及其"价值生态"——《伦理精神的价值生态》再版序言

“伦理精神”是本人伦理学研究中最基本、最有个性特点的核心概念,对它的涵义的理解应在世界道德哲学的语境中,结合“伦理”和“精神”各自的本质及其统一关系来进存。“价值生态”是“自然生态”概念的哲学提升和意义抽象,“伦理精神”和“价值生态”的结合是道德哲学的生态价值观和生态方法论。消解价值霸权,在“生态觉悟”中追求和达到“伦理学方法的超越”是“伦理精神的价值生态”命题和理论所试图探讨和解决的两个现实和学术课题。     

启新、拓新与创新——论生态伦理学对伦理学的贡献

构建和谐社会,必须弘扬生态伦理,繁荣生态伦理学。生态伦理学对伦理学的贡献功不可没,主要体现为：开辟了伦理学研究的新领域,确立了处理人与自然关系的新原则,培育了人对自然的新态度,对传统思想展开了新的系统批判,明确了人类在自然生活中扮演的新角色,对伦理学基本观念进行了新阐释,制定了人类行为新规范。     

"必要伤害"作为生态伦理规范的合理性

"必要伤害"是在对不伤害原则理论缺陷的反思、挖掘和借鉴西方生态伦理学有关解决人与自然矛盾和冲突的伦理思想的基础上,提出的新的道德规范原则。它包括:人类为了自身的利益对自然界不得不做出的损害;人类为了自然的完整和稳定不得不对自身的权利做出让步、节制而造成的损害。"必要伤害"原则的提出,既丰富和完善生态伦理学的道德原则体系,又为人们的生态道德实践提供了有效的行为指导。     

The Balance Between Providing Support,Prolonging Suffering,and Promoting Death: Ethical Issues Surrounding Psychological Treatment of a Terminally Ill Client

The concept of moral identity based on virtue ethics has become an issue of considerable import in explaining moral behavior. This attempt to offer adequate explanations of the full range of morally relevant human behavior inevitably provokes boundary issues between ethics and moral psychology. In terms of the relationship between the two disciplines, some argue for “naturalized (or psychologized) morality,” whereas, on the other hand, others insist on “moralized psychology.” This article investigates the relationship between virtue ethics and moral identity based on previous research on the relationship between ethics and moral psychology. This article especially attempts to show that meaningful links between the two concepts possible by using theoretical frameworks constructed by the most influential philosophers of science such as Kuhn and Lakatos.     

Medical Ethics Research Between Theory and Practice

The main object of criticism of present-day medical ethics is the standard view of the relationship between theory and practice. Medical ethics is more than the application of moral theories and principles, and health care is more than the domain of application of moral theories. Moral theories and principles are necessarily abstract, and therefore fail to take account of the sometimes idiosyncratic reality of clinical work and the actual experiences of practitioners. Suggestions to remedy the illnesses of contemporary medical ethics focus on re-establishing the connection between the internal and external morality of medicine. This article discusses the question how to develop a theoretical perspective on medical ethical issues that connects philosophical reflection with the everyday realities of medical practice. Four steps in a comprehensive approach of medical ethics research are distinguished: (1) examine health care contexts in order to obtain a better understanding of the internal morality of these practices; this requires empirical research; (2) analyze and interpret the external morality governing health care practices; sociological study of prevalent values, norms, and attitudes concerning medical-ethical issues is required; (3) creation of new theoretical perspectives on health care practices; Jensen's theory of healthcare practices will be useful here; (4) develop a new conception of bioethics that illuminates and clarifies the complex interaction between the internal and external morality of health care practices. Hermeneutical ethics can be helpful for integrating the experiences disclosed in the empirical ethical studies, as well as utilizing the insights gained from describing the value-contexts of health care practices. For a critical and normative perspective, hermeneutical ethics has to examine and explain the moral experiences uncovered, in order to understand what they tell us.     

The importance of meta-ethics in engineering education

Our shared moral framework is negotiated as part of the social contract. Some elements of that framework are established (tell the truth under oath), but other elements lack an overlapping consensus (just when can an individual lie to protect his or her privacy?). The tidy bits of our accepted moral framework have been codified, becoming the subject of legal rather than ethical consideration. Those elements remaining in the realm of ethics seem fragmented and inconsistent.Yet, our engineering students will need to navigate the broken ground of this complex moral landscape. A minimalist approach would leave our students with formulated dogma—principles of right and wrong such as the National Society for Professional Engineers (NSPE) Code of Ethics for Engineers—but without any insight into the genesis of these principles. A slightly deeper, micro-ethics approach would teach our students to solve ethical problems by applying heuristics—giving our students a rational process to manipulate ethical dilemmas using the same principles simply referenced a priori by dogma. A macro-ethics approach—helping students to inductively construct a posteriori principles from case studies—goes beyond the simple statement or manipulation of principles, but falls short of linking personal moral principles to the larger, social context. Ultimately, it is this social context that requires both the application of ethical principles, and the negotiation of moral values—from an understanding of meta-ethics.The approaches to engineering ethics instruction (dogma, heuristics, case studies, and meta-ethics) can be associated with stages of moral development. If we leave our students with only a dogmatic reaction to ethical dilemmas, they will be dependent on the ethical decisions of others (a denial of their fundamental potential for moral autonomy). Heuristics offers a tool to deal independently with moral questions, but a tool that too frequently reduces to casuistry when rigidly applied to “simplified” dilemmas. Case studies, while providing a context for engineering ethics, can encourage the premature analysis of specific moral conduct rather than the development of broad moral principles—stifling our students’ facility with meta-ethics. Clearly, if a moral sense is developmental, ethics instruction should lead our students from lower to higher stages of moral development.     

从伦理的视角看“三个代表”

“三个代表”重要思想,从伦理学上进行分析,饱含着深刻的伦理智慧,浸润着美善和正义的光华,它既可以理解为一种全新的政治伦理,又可以指谓一种进步的社会伦理,还可以从经济伦理、科技伦理和文化伦理等角度加以阐释与论证。因此,我们有理由认为,“三个代表”的伦理精神和伦理目标将构成当代中国社会的主流伦理,成为指导我国当前公民道德建设的伟大旗帜和促成中华伦理文化伟大复兴的理论指南。     

Ethical and institutional frameworks for interactional justice in public organizations: a comparative analysis of selected Western and Chinese sources

This paper explores both differences and points of contact between selected contemporary theories of public ethics in the West and China. China is in a greater state of flux in this connection, with new, eclectic approaches to ethical justification for moral agency gaining prominence. There are thematic parallels between East and West in their distinct strains of institutionalism (in which neither individual moral agency nor the justice claims of individuals have much play). However, there are recent Chinese theoretical proposals – many incorporating Western sources – that address this quandary, namely the institutional overdetermination of moral agency. These proposals are joined to contributions from feminist and liberation ethics in a critical reconsideration of overridingness in formal ethics. Contemporary Chinese ethics connect moral claims to kin, community, and reciprocity networks, particularly as traditional philosophy is recovered in new theoretical syntheses. The grounding of Confucian ethics in kin and community offers an instructive contrast to formal Western ethical systems, as do radical strains of Western ethics that suggest that transcendence is found in the self's extension toward others in need. This paper considers these ethical themes in connection with hypothetical instances of interactional justice in organizations.