共查询到20条相似文献,搜索用时 15 毫秒
1.
2.
3.
4.
5.
6.
In past years, an extensive amount of research has focused on how past experiences guide future attention. Humans automatically attend to stimuli previously associated with reward and stimuli that have been experienced during visual search, even when it is disadvantageous in present situations. Recently, the relationship between “reward history” and “search history” has been discussed critically. We review results from research on value-driven attentional capture (VDAC) with a focus on these two experience-based attentional selection processes and their distinction. To clarify inconsistencies, we examined VDAC within a design that allows a direct comparison with other mechanisms of attentional selection. Eighty-four healthy adults were trained to incidentally associate colors with reward (10 cents, 2 cents) or with no reward. In a subsequent visual search task, distraction by reward-associated and unrewarded stimuli was contrasted. In the training phase, reward signals facilitated performance. When these value-signaling stimuli appeared as distractors in the test phase, they continuously shaped attentional selection, despite their task irrelevance. Our findings clearly cannot be attributed to a history of target search. We conclude that once an association is established, value signals guide attention automatically in new situations, which can be beneficial or not, depending on the congruency with current goals. 相似文献
7.
Michels R 《Journal of the American Psychoanalytic Association》2000,48(2):355-75; discussion 376-420
Case histories report the basic data of psychoanalysis, and yet they are strikingly infrequent in the psychoanalytic literature. This reflects not only the methodological problems in describing psychoanalytic cases, but also the complex intentions of psychoanalysts who want both to present and to conceal aspects of their work. The history of the case history is discussed, as are the nature and purpose of case reports, the differences between oral and written reports, the relation between case reports and psychoanalyses, and case reports as countertransferential enactments. A plea is made for including authorial intention as an explicit part of the report, rather than concealing it behind a scientific facade. 相似文献
8.
9.
10.
11.
12.
13.
14.
15.
16.
17.
18.
19.
Erik Aarden 《Science as culture》2013,22(1):117-122
Colonial Technology: Science and the Transfer of Innovation to Australia, by Jan Todd, Cambridge: Cambridge University Press, 1995, pp. xii, 300 pages; ill.; maps; 35 (h.b) 相似文献
20.