“四新”背景下中国美术史对当代美育理论的影响

中国美术史是中华文化的重要组成部分,对当代美育理论的影响非常深远。中国美术史为当代美育理论提供了丰富的历史文化资源和精神遗产,使得当代美育理论更加具有深厚的历史渊源和文化底蕴,为当代美育理论提供了丰富的艺术创作素材和表现形式,使得当代美育理论更具多样性和创新性,为当代美育实践提供了重要的启示和借鉴,使得当代美育实践更加具有适应时代需求和推动社会进步的意义。通过对中国传统美学思想的研究和运用,来促进当代美育实践的审美教育和艺术创作能力的培养,为当代美育事业的发展提供了重要的思想支持和实践基础,从而通过“新农科、新工科、新文科、新医科”“四新”建设引领高等教育范式变革。     

中华美育精神视角下的当代书法教育价值

中华美育有着悠久的历史和丰富的内涵,其核心是儒家文化所提倡的"中和之美"。中华美育具有很强的实践性和伦理性特征,强调审美与生活、审美与知识的高度融合。席勒将美的艺术看做是美育的主要方式,以中华美育精神为视角,书法教育具有承担当代美育的诸多先天优势。书法是连接传统美育的窗口,其以中和之美为最高标准,具有审美性和知识性的双重属性,融合艺术审美与生活实用,是最具有民族特性的独创艺术。因此,书法美育是推动中华美育发展的有效途径。     

“微审美”视角的美学革新及其对美育的影响

“微审美”是依托当代高新技术传播平台所形成的全新的审美形式.作为一种文化审美和后现代审美形式,“微审美”具有即时性、杂合性、碎片性等基本特征.“微审美”之审美活动的迅速发展,在审美时空、审美体验、审美类型等多个层面向传统美学理论提出了挑战,诱发了美学理论的新变.进而,微审美及相关美学理论建构,为当下美育的转型与发展提供了新的路径和理论支撑.     

一个诗人的美育梦想——李金发和《美育》杂志

民国象征主义诗人李金发追随蔡元培"以美育代宗教"的号召投身美育事业。他的美育思想主要体现在他所创办的《美育》杂志中。李金发的美育思想的特点和贡献主要体现在以下两个方面:一是引介西方的象征主义、浪漫主义和唯美主义的文化艺术资源,通过改变民族的审美品格进而提升其精神品格;二是将"日常生活"纳入到美育建设的构想中,提出建设"美的人生",使美育与日常生活现代化结合起来,这一美育思想在今天依然有着现实意义。     

美育在当代社会里的社会价值

在当代社会中美育具有重要意义。人的审美素质是当代社会发展动力以及可持续发展的依托,美育可以弥补当代社会发展中的人文精神的失落,平衡与柔化高科技的理性与机械性。审美素质是人才竞争的关键,美育有利于创造能力的形成,可以促进知识学习,纠正缺损人格。美育对当代社会的效应在能力方面具有的间接性与显效性;在素质方面具有渗透性、长效性、累积性与无形性。当代社会对美育的要求是创新教育、素质教育、个性教育、境界教育。为迎接当代社会的挑战,美育在观念、内容、系统、方法、目标等方面都要有所变革。     

美育在当代社会里的社会价值

在当代社会中美育具有重要意义。人的审美素质是当代社会发展动力以及可持续发展的依托,美育可以弥补当代社会发展中的人文精神的失落,平衡与柔化高科技的理性与机械性。审美素质是人才竞争的关键,美育有利于创造能力的形成,可以促进知识学习,纠正缺损人格。美育对当代社会的效应在能力方面具有的间接性与显效性;在素质方面具有渗透性、长效性、累积性与无形性。当代社会对美育的要求是创新教育、素质教育、个性教育、境界教育。为迎接当代社会的挑战,美育在观念、内容、系统、方法、目标等方面都要有所变革。     

试论我国当下审美教育建设

美育在现代教育中占有特殊的地位,是我国当代教育方针的重要组成部分。但美育长久以来只是被渗透在其他学科的教育当中,要想更好地加强美育建设,就必须加强美学理论的学习,把美育学科独立出来,设置专门的美育课程,对艺术教育进行重新定位,在各科教学中都要体现审美教育,在学校和社会上开展美育讲座报告,学习西方美育界的先进理论。     

高校美育热下对“非遗”文化进校园的冷思考——以艺术设计专业为例

在当下社会对高校美育与非物质文化遗产保护持续关注的双重作用下,高校美育与"非遗"文化的融合,既有助于实现对"非遗"文化的传承与保护,还有助于丰富大学生的审美知识,提升大学生的审美能力,培育大学生的审美认同。广钟设计制作技艺是岭南非物质文化遗产的优秀代表,在美育中引入其内容,将"非遗进校园"与"培育工匠精神"结合起来,是以"非遗"促进高职院校美育教育的可操作路径。     

从“美育”到学校艺术教育——浅谈王国维、蔡元培的早期美育思想与近代美育实践

王国维和蔡元培是中国倡导美育的先行者,都受到了德国古典美学家席勒建立"完整人格"意义上的美育思想的影响,体现了早期美育思想的精髓。自20世纪20年代至今,中国的美育基本上是围绕艺术教育展开的,旨在培养学生在音乐、图画、手工等艺术科目上的专业技能和审美素养,这几乎将艺术教育完全等同于美育,即便是在当下的一些美育工作者的心目中依然如此认为,这与最初王国维倡导的美育为塑造"完全之人格"的目标,以及蔡元培的"以美育代宗教"思想都已有所偏离。     

浅谈传统文化中的美育

"传统文化"是民族历史上各种思想文化、观念形态的总称。在当代学生中尽管开展了一系列思政教育活动,但缺乏修养、缺乏诚信、缺乏感恩、缺乏追求的现象依然不容小视,因此加强对青少年的美学教育十分必要。以传统文化为载体,探究传统文化中的美育基因,实现改进美育教学、提高学生审美和人文素养的目标。     

蔡元培:说美育到死方休的教育家

该文讨论了现代著名教育家蔡元培在美育方面的思想特点及其在今天的意义。蔡氏美育思想的核心是认为审美教育的本质乃是一种情感教育,它与德育、智育、体育在教育中占有同样重要的地位,因为在人性发展与社会进步的过程中,只有科学、知识与理性的教育与进步是不完备的,对人类感性的忽略与压抑会带来各种社会弊端。蔡元培还提出了具有可操性的美育实施措施,在今天也值得重视。     

A model of aesthetic appreciation and aesthetic judgments

Although aesthetic experiences are frequent in modern life, there is as of yet no scientifically comprehensive theory that explains what psychologically constitutes such experiences. These experiences are particularly interesting because of their hedonic properties and the possibility to provide self‐rewarding cognitive operations. We shall explain why modern art's large number of individualized styles, innovativeness and conceptuality offer positive aesthetic experiences. Moreover, the challenge of art is mainly driven by a need for understanding. Cognitive challenges of both abstract art and other conceptual, complex and multidimensional stimuli require an extension of previous approaches to empirical aesthetics. We present an information‐processing stage model of aesthetic processing. According to the model, aesthetic experiences involve five stages: perception, explicit classification, implicit classification, cognitive mastering and evaluation. The model differentiates between aesthetic emotion and aesthetic judgments as two types of output.     

THE COMPLEX NONLINEAR THINKING: EDGAR MORIN'S DEMAND OF A REFORM OF THINKING AND THE CONTRIBUTION OF SYNERGETICS

Main principles of the complex nonlinear thinking which are based on the notions of the modern theory of evolution and self-organization of complex systems called also synergetics are under discussion in this article. The principles are transdisciplinary, holistic, and oriented to a human being. The notions of system complexity, nonlinearity of evolution, creative chaos, space-time definiteness of structure-attractors of evolution, resonant influences, nonlinear and soft management are here of great importance. In this connection, a prominent contribution made to system analysis and to a necessary reform of education and thinking by Edgar Morin is considered.     

Form ‘defines’ function: Neural connectivity between aesthetic perception and product purchase decisions in an fMRI study

In the aesthetics literature, object beauty has been emphasized for its non‐instrumental benefits, in other words, beauty that is ‘rewarding’ in itself, without functional considerations. In the context of consumer products, this study examines the influence of aesthetic perceptions on purchase decisions based on integrating both reward (hedonic) and functional value attribution mechanisms. Brain connectivity analysis of functional magnetic resonance imaging (fMRI) data sheds light on the neural route for the influence of product beauty on purchase. Notably, a significant directional connectivity from brain networks mediating ‘aesthetic perception’ to ‘functional value’ to ‘purchase decision’ shows that the left Amygdala, an emotion‐related region of the aesthetic network, influences all five regions in the functional network, which then influences the purchase network of the brain, thus supporting the utilitarian goals of aesthetic appraisals and the Antonio Damasio's somatic/emotional marker hypothesis. Further, we find clear evidence that the reward (hedonic) network, which also influences the purchase network, receives information from the functional network of the brain, integrating both the non‐instrumental and instrumental value of the product. In other words, beauty in consumer products influences purchase decisions by evoking emotions that importantly define the functional value of products, in addition to their hedonic/reward value uncovered in previous literature. In light of the novel findings, the authors discuss important implications for marketing theory, methodology, and practice. Copyright © 2016 John Wiley & Sons, Ltd.     

Baudelaire’s Aesthetic

This paper will take up the work of Charles Baudelaire, poetic and critical, in order to present the Baudelairean aesthetic and to make a case for its relevance in our judgments about art today. Baudelaire was the first poet of the modern built environment and is known as the father of modern poetry. While his poetry is still admired, his aesthetic has been historicised: deemed to belong to that time and place in which Baudelaire wrote. This paper will argue that this historicisation by subsequent aesthetic theory and philosophy is a suppression of something integral to art and artists, without which art is liable to lose what is true about it and sink into a morass of irrelevance and triviality, or (as will be argued has partly happened) may become devoid of any value beyond the business interests that control it. In this regard, it will be suggested, Baudelaire’s aesthetic has important redeeming qualities.     

THE BEAUTIFUL AND THE SUBLIME IN NATURAL SCIENCE

The various aesthetic phenomena found repeatedly in the scientific enterprise stem from the role of God as artist. If the Creator is an artist, how and why natural scientists study the divine art work can be understood using theological aesthetics and the philosophy of art. The aesthetic phenomena considered here are as follows. First, science reveals beauty and the sublime in natural phenomena. Second, science discovers beauty and the sublime in the theories that are developed to explain natural phenomena. Third, the search for beauty often guides scientists in their work. Fourth, where beauty is perceived, feelings of the sublime often also follow upon further contemplation. This linkage of beauty in science with truth and the sublime runs counter to most aesthetic theory since Kant. Scholarship in theological aesthetics has recently argued that the modern and postmodern elevation of the sublime over beauty is merely a preference that reveals a bias against transcendence—against God. If doing and understanding science can show this sundering of the sublime from the beautiful to be in error, science also gives evidence of transcendence.     

Freedom Reconsidered: Heteronomy,Open Subjectivity,and the ‘Gift of Teaching’

This paper analyzes the entanglement of the modern concepts of freedom, autonomy, and the modern notion of the subject and how a passion for and insistence on freedom has undermined the reconstruction of human subjectivity in Heidegger and Foucault, and how such passion has also limited the educational effort at addressing the problems brought to education by the modern notion of the subject. Drawing on Levinas, it suggests that a new understanding of freedom as heteronomy will allow us to envision an open subjectivity that is essential for education. Particularly, it looks at Gert Biesta’s recent campaigns for “subjectification” and “the gift of teaching” to analyze the underlying contradictions caused by the entanglement of freedom and subjectivity.     

Aesthetic activities and aesthetic attitudes: Influences of education,background and personality on interest and involvement in the arts

There have been few studies of why some people are frequently involved in aesthetic activities such as going to the theatre, reading or playing musical instruments, whereas others are less involved. This study assesses the broad roles of education, personality and demographic factors such as social class, age and sex. More aesthetic activity was associated with music and art education, whereas science education had a substantial negative relationship with aesthetic activity, both directly and also indirectly via reduced art education. More aesthetic activity was particularly related to higher scores on the personality factor of openness, and also to lower scores on agreeableness and conscientiousness. Higher parental social class was also associated with more aesthetic activity, as also was lower age. Sex had no relationship to aesthetic activity, as neither did masculinity?femininity. Positive aesthetic attitudes were also related moderately to aesthetic activity, but were particularly strongly related to openness to experience, and somewhat less to extraversion. Class, age and sex had no direct relationship to aesthetic attitudes.     

循证医学与医学教育改革

循证医学这一新的医疗模式反映了世界医学的发展趋势,代表了现代医学的前进方向。医学教育必须应这一趋势,按照循证医学的基本精神促进观念更新,推进医疗模式、教学内容、教学方法和继续教育等方面的改革,全面提高医学教育质量。     

美术专业与普通专业学生对中西方绘画作品的审美认知差异

审美认知是人类最高级最复杂的心理活动之一,在美育中具有重要的作用。本研究采用不同艺术类别及情绪效价的作品图片,考察美术专业与普通专业大学生对中西方绘画作品的审美认知差异。结果发现：美术专业学生与普通学生对西方画的审美认知差异极其显著,且美术专业学生对西方画产生的美感显著强于普通学生;而两类学生对中国画的审美认知差异并不显著;对于不同风格的绘画作品,两类学生都存在着审美偏好,且审美偏好一致,都对中国画产生的美感更为强烈;两类学生的审美认知反应时间差异极其显著,专业学生总体上要比普通学生进行更多更复杂的审美认知加工活动。研究表明,审美认知具有较强的可塑性,对于美育心理学的发展具有重要的价值。