Factorial Structure of the Family Values Scale From a Multilevel-Multicultural Perspective

In cross-cultural research, there is a tendency for researchers to draw inferences at the country level based on individual-level data. Such action implicitly and often mistakenly assumes that both the measuring instrument and its underlying construct(s) are operating equivalently across both levels. Based on responses from 5,482 college students sampled from 27 countries, we took a structural equation modeling approach to addressing this issue of level equivalence. Purposes of the study were: (a) to validate the hypothesized two-factor structure of the Family Values Scale (FV Scale; Georgas, 1999) within a multilevel framework that took individual- and country-level information into account; (b) to test equivalence of the FV Scale across individual and country levels; and (c) to evaluate relations between the FV Scale and three possibly important covariates—gender at the individual level, and affluence and religion at the country level. Implications of findings and importance of multilevel equivalence in cross-cultural research are discussed.     

The Undecided Student: A Developmental Perspective

Student indecision regarding careers and college majors has been the focus of research studies for more than 50 years. Yet these students have indicated few significant differences between undecided and decided students. This article portrays undecided students as normal, growing, predictable individuals in various stages of vocational and cognitive development and discusses the use of developmental concepts in academic advising, career counseling, teaching, and administration.     

Advisor–Student Relationship in Business Education Project Collaborations: A Psychological Contract Perspective

Fulfillment of students' expectations in the educational context is likely to generate a sense of satisfaction and well‐being. The current study examines the association between students' perceptions of psychological contract breach and their psychological well‐being and satisfaction in a project collaboration context with a thesis advisor. The moderating role of conscientiousness on these relationships is considered. Students in 48 group thesis projects of the undergraduate management program at a private university in the Philippines were surveyed. Students perceiving higher levels of psychological contract breach in the advisor–student relationship reported lower levels of psychological well‐being and project satisfaction. The negative effects of psychological contract breach on psychological well‐being were stronger for students high in conscientiousness compared with students low in conscientiousness.     

A Comparative Analysis of Entrepreneur and College Business Student Values

ABSTRACT Both entrepreneurs and senior-level college business students were surveyed to determine similarities and differences in their values, under the premise that students who share similar values with those held by entrepreneurs may have promise of entrepreneurial potential. All respondents were administered the Rokeach Value Survey which, through a process of rank-ordering, is used to determine two hierarchies of value importance for individuals. The first hierarchy reflects an individual's terminal value system, or those values associated with end-states of existence. The second hierarchy reflects an individual's instrumental value system, or those values associated with modes of conduct. The resulting data provided a tabulation of medians, rank order composites and levels of significance for the terminal and instrumental values, respectively, of both samples. Rank order composites were used as general indices in comparing the position of a particular value in the total hierarchy of values and for comparing the position of a particular value across the two groups. Emphasis was placed on those values which were ranked very low or very high by the entrepreneurs. Comparisons of student value rankings relative to those values the entrepreneurs held highest and lowest were then conducted. The findings indicated that there were value differences between the total sample of entrepreneurs and students, as well as between female entrepreneurs and female student values, but there were few differences between male entrepreneur and male student values. In addition to the above comparisons, median analysis between entrepreneur and student terminal and instrumental values were conducted. An examination of the general population of entrepreneurs and students revealed that twelve of the eighteen terminal values of the entrepreneurs and students were significantly different at the (.05) level Only four of the eighteen instrumental values were significantly different (.05) level between the entrepreneurs and students. The median analysis between male entrepreneurs and male student values showed no significant differences. However, the median analysis between female entrepreneur and female student values showed that seven of the eighteen instrumental and eleven of the eighteen terminal values were significantly different at the (.05) level. Although not examined, it is likely that individual students in the sample do share the value profiles of the entrepreneurs. If so, and if generally accepted value profiles are established for entrepreneurs, such students might be counseled to consider the entrepreneurial life.     

Counseling in Thailand: Development From a Buddhist Perspective

The authors present historical and current accounts of the counseling profession in Thailand. In addition to the influences of Buddhism on counselor training and practices, professional issues such as licensure, professional organizations, and the relationship between counselors and other mental health professionals are summarized. The role of counselors in recent political and natural disasters is highlighted, along with the importance of adapting Western counselor training and service practices to better meet the needs of the Thai population.     

Spirituality in Education: Promoting Children's Spiritual Development through Values

This paper reports on research in the Warwick Religions and Education Research Unit (WRERU) at the University of Warwick regarding an educational programme, which is based on what are perceived to be universal values. The programme aims to contribute to the spiritual development of children in schools, which is one of the statutory requirements of mainstream school provision in England and Wales. The Sathya Sai Education in Human Values (SSEHV) offers material which seeks to promote ‘human values’. The paper explores what these values are and why they are perceived to be of a universal nature. The focus on values introduces spiritual dimensions which are examined with reference to the educational contexts in which they are conveyed. The contents of the programme and the development from its inception are described. The paper is based on ethnographic data collected in classrooms and other educational environments where the programme has found application.     

The Shared Values of Humanity and Its Philosophical Implications: From the Perspective of Civilization

The concept of the shared values of humanity, embodying the spirit of putting people first and solving real-life problems, is of great significance for constructing a new global order and building a human community with a shared future. The shared values of humanity respect the differences in understanding and realization paths of different civilizations, and seek common grounds with an inclusive and open attitude. The core socialist values are an embodiment and an extension of the shared values of humanity. The fine traditional Chinese culture has also laid a profound cultural basis for the pursuit of the shared values of humanity, enabling us to make up a better scheme for building a human community with a shared future from the perspective of civilization.     

A PSALM 78 Perspective on Education

The Christian community worldwide lives in high ambiguity regarding the questionable appropriateness of Christian children and children of Christians attending secular educational institutions. To help clarify the issue, current practices and presuppositions of American public education are compared with the biblical educational standard embedded in Psalm 78. The outcome of this analysis leaves little doubt about the biblical inappropriateness of secular education for these children.     

A Student Development Theory to Practice Workshop

This article describes a workshop designed to introduce Chickering's theory to paraprofessional staff.     

Retention,Role Modeling,and Academic Readiness: A Perspective on the Ethnic Minority Student in Higher Education

This article discusses retention, role modeling, and academic readiness as these issues relate to ethnic minority students in higher education. The central points of the discussion revolve around the need to stem the unusually high rates of attrition of minority students through academic role modeling and recognition of the concept of delayed academic readiness. Methods of implementing a mentor-student program are also suggested.     

Curiosity,Wonder and Education seen as Perspective Development

Curiosity, seen as a motive to do exploration within definite and generally accepted frames, is to be distinguished from wonder, where doubt about the frames themselves is the underlying factor. Granted this distinction, it will be argued that educational institutions need to build on both notions, i.e. wonder as well as curiosity.     

Selling From 1900 to 1949: A Historical Perspective

Selling has developed dramatically in the twentieth century. It has changed from largely an independent and unstructured activity to a modern and scientifically managed profession that has contributed to the economic growth of this century. This paper examines its development from 1900 to 1950, focusing on the practices, events, and philosophies that have influenced the selling profession.