Resonation in the Model of Human Occupation

This pilot study of resonation in the model of human occupation examines the belief that successful performance of craft activities will positively influence belief in skill (BIS). Juvenile delinquents participated in craft activities and interviews to help answer the question "What is the difference in the youths' BIS before and after intervention?" Increases in BIS were significant for: (a) the combination of craft activities in which the youths participated, and (b) other performance subsystem activities not specifically practiced during the study. This offers preliminary support for resonation since changes in the performance subsystem seem to have positively influenced subjects' BIS (volition subsystem). Future studies are needed to explain how the resonation dynamic operates.     

Utility of Model of Human Occupation Screening Tool in Sweden

abstract

Occupational therapists in Sweden are expected to use evidence-based practice. To meet this expectation, a helpful tool could be the Model of Human Occupational Screening Tool (MOHOST). The aim of this study was to examine the utility of the Swedish version of MOHOST. Thirty-seven occupational therapists were invited to take part in the examination. A questionnaire covering transferability, feasibility and clinical relevance was developed. The results show that MOHOST-S seems to have suitable utility. The study supports its implementation potential and clinical relevance. It gives a broad picture of the client’s occupational participation and it supports the treatment planning process.     

Innovating With the Model of Human Occupation in Mental Health

This article describes a new approach in a group of National Health Service trusts in the United Kingdom. The assessment and intervention were focused on using the Model of Human Occupation in Mental Health services. An occupation focused assessment and intervention protocol were developed based on the Model of Human Occupation Screening Tool Single-Observation Form (MOHOST-SOF). The aim was to develop a guide to treatment and monitoring to support efficient practice while maintaining an occupation and client-centered focus. Implementation has been successful to date.     

Psychosocial Intervention with an Adolescent with Diabetes Using the Model of Human Occupation

This article describes the use of the Model of Human Occupation as a framework for guiding the occupational therapy assessment and psychosocial intervention for an adolescent with diabetes mellitus. Psychosocial issues related to having diabetes are discussed and implications for daily life functioning are explored. A case study is used to exemplify the application of the Model of Human Occupation in addressing the psychosocial needs of an adolescent with diabetes mellitus.     

Application of the Modelof Human Occupation

The model of human occupation is proposed to be an effective basis for occupational therapy assessment in child and adolescent psychiatry. The theoretical tenets of this model are reviewed with emphasis on the development of human occupation during childhood and adolescence. Application of themodel is demonstrated through the presentation of human occupation assessment batteries currently in use on short-term, diagnostic and research units for child and adolescent psychiatric inpatients. In addition, two case studies demonstrate the model's effectiveness in conceptualizing the occupational functioning of this population.     

Clinical Application of the Model of Human Occupation in Dementia of the Alzheimer's Type

Dementia of the Alzheimer's type (DAT), termed the disease of the century (Braly, 1986), has affected over two million Americans (Katzman, 1986). As the population ages, this figure will rise, presenting a continued challenge to health care systems and to occupational therapists who will increasingly confront people with DAT In their various clinical settines. The Model of Human occupation is suggested as a framework Kr guiding assessment and treatment for the person with DAT. A brief review of the symptoms and potential disturbances affecting occu ational function within the framework of the model is presented, followed by a case study illustrating clinical application bf the model.     

召唤与职业:驳韦伯对基督教职业观的理解——从克尔恺郭尔的基督教思想出发

韦伯在《新教伦理与资本主义精神》中,将职业与天职联系起来,并从这一角度指出,新教伦理促进了资本主义精神的兴起。该文认为这种直接的联系的基础是自然神论。通过引入克尔恺郭尔对西方理性形而上学的批判,笔者将论证,一方面,由自然神论衍生的基督教职业观在克尔恺郭尔的视野下是错误的,因为职业只是一个人生存的偶然性境遇之一,因此不是上帝的“召唤”。根据克尔恺郭尔对基督教的阐释,上帝的召唤是超越性的,这决定了它不可能直接地被人的理性理解,它以一种独特的———我称之为“否定性的”、“间接的”———方式被领会,召唤超越于职业,前者超越了人的理性,而后者是理性分工体系的产物;另一方面,上帝的召唤又与职业有关系。偶然性境遇恰恰是上帝进行召唤以及人作出回应的“场合”(occassion),一个基督徒如果占据某一职业,那么他(她)就必须辛勤劳动,甘愿“受苦”(suffering),韦伯正确地看到了基督徒对职业的重视、在职业上吃苦耐劳的表现,但未能正确地解释其原因。总之,依据克尔恺郭尔的思想,存在着一种有别于韦伯的基督教职业观,从而将基督教与资本主义精神联系起来是值得疑问的。     

基于职业的内隐年龄偏见

本研究针对119名大学生,采用内隐联想测验(Implicit Associa-tion Test,IAT)和相应的外显报告法,考察大学生针对不同职业的内隐与外显年龄偏见。结果表明,在大学生中普遍存在基于职业的内隐年龄偏见;职业年龄偏见是双向的,即有的职业偏好年轻人,有些职业偏好年长者;而且有些被试的内隐和外显态度存在不一致性。     

The Reciprocity-Arousing Potential of the Requester's Occupation and Helping Behavior

In a field experiment, 90 subjects were contacted by phone and asked by an experimenter to make a phone call for him notifying his employer that he would be late for work. The experimenter presented himself as a (1) physician vs. accountant (high social status occupations), (2) youthcounsellor vs. insurance salesman (medium social status occupations), or (3) fireman vs. gas-stationattendant (low social status occupations). It was found that subjects helped more frequently requesters in occupations of high potential for reciprocityarousing behavior (e.g., a physician) than of low potential (for reciprocityarousing behavior) (e.g., an accountant), regardless of the social status of the occupations.     

人类基因组计划与医学模式

人类基因组计划将为医学科学的发展提供广泛的可能性,并结生物医学带来革命性的变化,但是人类的社会性,疾病产生的非生物因素以及社会及伦理的限制都决定了任何生物医学上的成就,包括人类基因组计划都不能改变生物社会心理医学模式的深刻内涵。     

基于胜任特征模型的人力资源开发

基于胜任特征模型（CompetencyModel）的探索,建立新型的人力资源开发与管理体系,是上世纪70年代以来,组织行为学和人力资源管理理论研究的前沿课题之一。文章主要介绍作者及其领导的课题组自80年代以来,基于我国社会经济转型时期和文化背景的差异,在不同行业的胜任特征模型的建构、及其相关的领导行为研究方面的探索和发现。由于胜任特征模型也是人力资源开发和应用方面的热点问题,文章还介绍了胜任特征模型在国内人力资源开发、管理体系建设实践应用方面的进展。并对于未来开展本领域的理论研究和实践应用提出了建议     

认知资源和信息类型对大学生职业印象形成的影响

采用加工分离程序,探讨了认知资源和信息类型对大学生职业印象形成的影响及其心理加工机制。结果表明：(1)印象形成受到包括认知资源的限制、刻板化信息和个体化信息的典型性等多种因素的影响。刻板化信息间接地对印象形成起作用。个体化信息的作用远大于认知资源。(2)在印象形成过程中,控制性加工和自动化加工是并行的。(3)刻板化信息以内隐的自动化加工为主,个体化信息加工则存在外显与内隐两种方式。